1224例肾活检病理资料分析

目的 探讨本院近5年1224例肾活检资料的流行病学特点及病理类型分布特征.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年12月1224例肾脏疾病经皮肾活检的病理类型.结果 1224例肾脏疾病患者行肾活检时的年龄范围为4 ～ 82岁,男661例,女563例.本组原发性肾小球疾病占81.70％,继发性肾小球疾病占12.17％,小管间质疾病占5.07％,代谢相关性肾病占0.82％,移植肾占0.16％,未确定诊断0.08％.原发性肾小球疾病以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎最为常见,占30.30％,其次分别为IgA肾病28.00％,膜性肾病17.50％,局灶节段性肾小球硬化10.50％,增生硬化性肾炎3.90％,膜增生性肾小球肾炎3.10％,新月体肾炎2.60％,微小病变性肾病2.50％,毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎1.60％.继发性肾损害最常见的继发肾脏病是狼疮性肾炎31.54％,其次分别是高血压肾损害27.52％,紫癜性肾炎13.42％,肾脏淀粉样变性11.4％,糖尿病肾病7.38％,乙肝病毒相关性肾损害2.68％,血栓性微血管病2.01％.结论 原发性肾小球疾病仍为最常见的肾小球疾病,其中以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎最为常见,IgA肾病次之.且IgA肾病发病率呈逐年上升趋势.另外,继发性肾脏病逐渐增多,继发性肾脏疾病中仍以狼疮性肾炎最为多见.通过肾活检和临床病理讨论,不仅能明确疾病的病理类型,更重要的是指导临床治疗,选择最佳的治疗方案,并对疾病的预后作出比较正确的判断.     

70例隐匿性肾炎临床与病理分析

目的：探讨肾活检在隐匿性肾炎诊断、治疗及预后判断等方面的意义。方法：回顾性分析近5年内收治的70例有完整肾活检资料的隐匿性肾炎病例，对其临床特点、肾脏病理特征，肾活检对诊断、治疗、预后的影响及中医病机特点等进行相关分析。结果：70例隐匿性肾炎患者中，无症状血尿5例（7.14％）、无症状性血尿和蛋白尿60例（85．71％）、无症状性蛋白尿5例（7．14％）。中医辨证分析，本虚证中肺肾气虚占24．29％，脾肾阳虚占10．00％，气阴两虚占61．43％，肝肾阴虚占4．29％；标实证中外感占25．71％，湿浊占10．00％，湿热占87．14％，血瘀占55．71％。病理类型为IgA肾病41例（58．57％）、非IgA系膜增生性肾炎23例（32．86％）、其他6例（8．57％）；肾脏病理损害分级为无病变1例（1．43％）、轻度62例（88．57％）、中度7例（10．00％）、重度0例。肾活检后19例（27．14％）患者改变了主要治疗方法。预后判定为良好3例（4．29％）、较好49例（70．00％）、较差18例（25．71％）、不良反应0例。结论：隐匿性肾炎主要临床表现为无症状性血尿和蛋白尿，中医辨证多属气阴两虚，挟湿热、瘀血。主要病理类型为IgA及非IgA系膜增生性肾炎；大部分患者肾脏病理损害较轻、预后较好，约1／4的患者肾脏病理损害较重、预后较差。隐匿性肾炎患者开展肾活检对明确肾脏病理损害程度、指导治疗及判断预后等具有重要意义。     

肾病综合征1009例病理类型及流行病学分析

目的探讨肾活组织病理检查（下称肾活检）在肾病综合征诊治中的意义。方法选择近10年诊断为肾病综合征患者1009例,分析肾活组织穿刺检查术后的病理结果。结果原发性肾小球肾炎占71．9％,病理类型以非IgA系膜增生性肾炎、IgA肾病及膜性肾病多见;继发性肾病综合征占28．1％,其中居前3位的是狼疮性肾炎、过敏性紫癜性肾炎和乙肝病毒相关性肾炎。结论肾活检对肾病综合征的诊断、治疗及评估预后有重要意义。     

小儿急性肾功能衰竭100例临床分析

介绍１００例小儿急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）的病因、临床表现、实验室检查、病理及预后。肾前性１３例（１３％），肾性８６例（８６％），其中肾小球疾病６６例（６６％），肾后性１例（１％）。３１例肾活检，病理为９种类型，毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎（ＥｎＰＧＮ）８例（２５．８１％），系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎（ＭｓＰＧＮ）４例（１２．９０％），膜增殖性肾小球肾炎（ＭＰＧＮ）Ｉ型５例（１６．１３％），局灶节段性肾小球     

996例肾活检临床病理分析

目的 回顾性分析本院肾脏内科近10年肾活检病理类型及疾病谱变化.方法 收集2006年2月至2016年2月期间996例肾活检患者临床病理资料,分析肾脏疾病临床病理特点.结果 996例肾活检患者中,原发性肾小疾病760例,占76.31％,继发性肾小球疾病211例,占21.18％,肾小管间质性疾病22例,占2.21％,遗传性肾病3例,占0.30％.原发性肾小球疾病最常见病理类型为IgA肾病238例,占31.32％,其次为系膜增生性肾炎199例,占26.18％,膜性肾病127例,占16.71％.继发性肾小球疾病最常见为狼疮性肾炎76例,占36.02％,其次为紫癜性肾炎56例,占26.54％,乙肝相关性肾炎24例,占11.37％.原发性肾小球疾病临床表现最常见为肾病综合征446例,占58.68％,其次为慢性肾炎223例,占29.34％,隐匿性肾小球肾炎69例,占9.08％.结论 原发性肾小球疾病是目前临床最常见肾小球疾病,其病理类型以IgA肾病最为常见,近年来膜性肾病所占比例明显增高.继发性肾小球疾病以狼疮性肾炎最为常见,乙肝相关性肾炎所占比例较前增高.     

特发性与继发性膜性肾病的临床与病理分析

目的了解肾小球膜性病变的病因及临床、病理特点。方法分析统计我院肾脏病研究所经肾活检确诊的肾小球膜性病变189例。结果①特发性膜性肾病占28．57％，继发性膜性肾病占71．43%；②特发性膜性肾病平均年龄（46．24±15．31）岁，男女比例1.46：1。临床主要表现为蛋白尿、肾病综合征、高血压。肾病综合征的发生率为45．51％；③继发性膜性肾病最常见的病因依次为系统性红斑狼疮（70．37%）、乙型肝炎（28．89％）、银屑病（0．74％）。结论我院。肾小球膜性病变以继发性膜性肾病为主；特发性膜性肾病以男性、中年多见，大多为。肾病综合征；继发性膜性肾病最常见病因为系统性红斑狼疮、乙型肝炎和银屑病，病理分期主要为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，病理表现中系膜细胞和基质增生在特发性膜性肾病和乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎之间差异显著。     

老年肾脏病肾活检的诊断价值与风险评估

目的探讨肾活检在老年肾脏病中的诊断价值与风险评估。方法回顾性分析我科住院行肾活检,且年龄≥60岁的123例老年肾脏病患者的临床病理资料及安全性。结果肾活检术成功率100％,肾活检取材肾小球数目均≥10个,共有6例出现轻度并发症,其中一过性肉眼血尿2例（占1．6％）,肾周小血肿4例（占3．2％）,余无严重并发症。123例患者中原发性肾小球疾病为105例（占85．4％）,而继发性肾脏病为18例（占14．6％）。在原发性肾小球疾病中最常见的病理类型是膜性肾病26例（占26．0%）,IgA。肾病25例（占25．0％）,其次为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎19例（占19％）。而继发性肾脏病中病理类型以糖尿病肾脏病11例最多见（占47．8％）。最常见的临床表现是肾病综合征（占39．8oA）和慢性肾小球肾炎（占33．3％）。临床诊断与肾活检结果尚存在差异（P〈0．05）。结论肾活检在老年性肾脏疾病患者中应用的成功率高而并发症少且大多较轻,其病理结果对明确诊断和决定治疗方案具有重要指导意义。     

四川地区肾活检2330例临床病理分析

目的：探讨四川地区肾穿刺活检病理类型的分布特点以及疾病谱的变迁。方法回顾性分析2330例肾活检患者的临床病理资料,分析本地区肾脏疾病的临床病理特征。结果2330例肾活检患者中,男女比例为1∶1.15,发病高峰年龄为20~40岁。2330例患者中,原发性肾小球疾病1896例（占81.37%）,常见的病理类型依次为 IgA 肾病820例（占35.19%）、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎372例（占15.97%）、膜性肾病298例（占12.79%）、微小病变肾病200例（占8.58%）和局灶节段性肾小球硬化症78例（占3.35%）;继发性肾小球疾病367例（占15.75%）,以狼疮性肾炎最常见（134例,占5.88%）,其次为紫癜性肾炎127例（占5.45%）、糖尿病肾脏疾病35例（占1.5%）和淀粉样变性肾病20例（占0.86%）;肾小管间质疾病50例（占2.15%）;遗传性肾病17例（占0.73%）。2330例肾脏疾病患者的临床表现依次为肾病综合征1015例（占43.56%）、慢性肾炎综合征681例（占29.22%）、急性肾炎综合征392例（占16.82%）、隐匿性肾小球肾炎121例（占5.29%）、慢性肾衰竭72例（占3.09%）、急性肾衰竭47例（占2.02%）。近年来,膜性肾病构成比呈逐渐增加趋势。结论本地区肾脏疾病多见于青壮年,以原发性肾小球疾病最常见,其中 IgA 肾病和系膜增生性肾小球肾炎是最多见的病理类型,膜性肾病的检出率有增高趋势。继发性肾小球疾病以狼疮肾炎和紫癜性肾炎最常见。     

Graves病相关性肾脏损害的临床病理分析

目的 探讨Graves病相关性肾脏损害的临床病理特点及近期预后的情况。方法 回顾性分析9例Graves病肾损害患者临床病理情况及2年以上随访结果。结果 Graves病肾损害临床上以蛋白尿为主，表现为肾炎综合征(77．8％)或肾病综合征(22．2％)；其肾脏病理表现多样化，4例(44．4％)为系膜增生性肾炎，3例(33．3％)为局灶性节段性肾小球硬化，2例(22．2％)为膜性肾病。为加强Graves病治疗，并应用糖皮质激素等免疫抑制剂，对本病治疗有效。随访期内，3例(33．3％)在病程中因Graves病复发而肾病加重，其中1例出现肾功能损害；3例(33．3％)出现系统性红斑狼疮、糖尿病、肿瘤等合并症。结论 Graves病可继发肾脏损害，临床表现为肾炎综合征或肾病综合征，肾脏病理及近期预后不尽相同，预后并不乐观。     

近20年肾脏病理谱变化趋势的回顾性分析

目的 通过对近20年肾脏病理类型的回顾性分析,为我国肾脏疾病谱的构成及其演变趋势提供信息.方法 回顾性分析近20年我科因肾脏疾病行肾活检患者4 105例的病理类型,并比较1994年～2003年与2004年～2013年前后10年间肾脏病理类型的变化.病理分型参考WHO1995年肾小球疾病组织学分型方案和2001年在全国肾活检病理诊断研讨会上拟定的肾活检病理诊断标准指导意见,结合临床资料、实验室检查结果、免疫病理及超微结构改变特点明确诊断.结果 本组4 105例肾脏疾病患者行肾活检时的平均年龄（34.5±12.3）岁,男女比例为0.85∶1.本组原发性肾小球疾病者3 410例（占83.0％）,继发性肾小球疾病者516例（占12.6％）,遗传性肾脏疾病者42例（占1.0％）,肾小管间质疾病者76例（占1.9％）,新发现罕见肾脏疾病者10例（占0.2％）,未分类者51例（占1.3％）.原发性肾小球疾病以IgA肾病最为常见1 450例（占42.5％）,最常见的继发性肾脏病是狼疮肾炎254例（占49.2％）.近10年肾活检患者人数明显增加,年龄增高,平均年龄从（31.9±11.2）岁增至（35.1±12.5）岁,40岁以上患者数量明显增多.分析前后10年间各种原发及继发性肾脏病的检出率,证实IgA肾病、膜性肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化症、微小病变均增多（均P＜0.01）,而系膜增生性病变、增生硬化性肾小球肾炎、膜增生性肾小球肾炎、硬化性肾小球肾炎则减少（均P＜0.01）.近10年还发现了一些少见的肾脏疾病（如：胶原Ⅲ肾病、纤维性肾小球病、免疫触须样肾小球病、肾小球囊肿病、脂蛋白肾病等）.结论 原发性肾小球疾病仍为我国最常见的肾小球疾病,近10年来,肾脏疾病谱发生了变化,其变化可能与医疗水平的提高和实际发病率的改变有关.     

原发性干燥综合征肾损害

目的：探讨原发性干燥综合征（PSS）肾损害的临床与病理特征,提高对病的认识。方法：对38例PSS肾损害患进行肾活检并临床、实验室检查进行分析。结果：30／38为I型肾小管酸中毒（I型RTA）,9／30合并低钾性麻痹,8／30合并骨质疏松或病理性骨折,4／30并泌尿系结石。肾病综合征及肾小球肾炎（GN）分别为4及3例。免疫病理22／38阳性,肾小球基底膜及系膜区主见IgC、IgA、IgM及C3沉积;病理示慢性间质性肾炎23例,肾小球肾炎23例。结论：PSS肾损害时,肾小球肾炎并非少见,应重视。     

肾活检患者451例临床与病理构成对比分析

目的 分析珠海地区肾脏疾病的病理及临床特点.方法 回顾性分析我院451例肾活检患者的临床及病理资料,探讨其病因、临床特点及病理类型的关系.结果 451例肾活检患者中,男、女高峰发病年龄为19～37岁,分别占59%及65%.原发性肾小球疾病共369例（占81.81%）,临床类型排在前3位的依次为无症状血尿、蛋白尿149例（占40.38%）、慢性肾小球肾炎104例（占28.18%）、肾病综合征76例（占20.60%）,病理类型排在前3位的依次为IgA肾病251例（占68.02%）、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）33例（占8.94%）、微小病变型肾病（MCD）24例（占6.50%）;继发性肾小球疾病69例（占15.30%）,临床类型排在前3位的依次为狼疮肾炎26例（占37.68%）、乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎24例（占34.78%）、紫癜肾炎9例（占13.04%）.结论 原发性肾小球疾病是目前最主要的肾小球疾病,IgA肾病在原发性肾脏疾病中发病率最高,继发性肾小球疾病中狼疮肾炎排在首位.     

Renal pathological change in patients with type 2 diabetes is not always diabetic nephropathy: a report of 52 cases

AIMS: The present study examined the relationship between clinical features and renal histological changes in the Type 2-diabetic patients and evaluated the usefulness of renal biopsy in the diagnosis of diabetic versus non-diabetic kidney disease. METHODS: 52 patients with Type 2-diabetic mellitus were retrospectively analyzed for differential clinical, laboratory features and pathological characteristics including overt proteinuria (> 0.5 g/day), elevated serum creatinine and/or the development of hematuria. RESULTS: Of 52 patients, 20 cases (38.5%) showed no detectable diabetic lesions and, thus, were diagnosed as non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD), while 32 patients (61.5%) exhibited diabetic nephropathy. Interestingly, while 29 patients showed diabetic nephropathy (DN) alone, NDRD was also found in 3 patients with DN. Clinically, 24 out of 52 patients (46.16%) had a diagnosis consistent with the pathological findings, while 10 (19.23%) were diagnosed incorrectly. Compared to NDRD patients, patients with DN had prolonged diabetic history with or without retinopathy, while 25% of patients with NDRD exhibited mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. CONCLUSIONS: NDRD was a common feature in Type 2-diabetic patients with renal involvement. The absence of retinopathy and short periods of diabetic history may be useful indicators for diagnosis of NDRD clinically.     

临床表现为肾功能异常患者肾活检的病理分析及风险评估

目的：通过分析临床表现为肾功能异常患者肾活检的病理构成与并发症发生情况,明确肾活检在肾功能异常中的诊断价值及风险。方法：回顾性分析行肾活检的311例临床表现为肾功能异常（急性或慢性）患者和同期1717例肾功能正常患者的临床资料、超声影像与实验室检查数据,分析急性或慢性肾功能异常的肾活检病理结果以及肾活检并发症发生情况,并对影响因素进行多因素分析。结果：肾功能异常患者中急性89例、慢性222例。急性肾功能异常前3位病理类型为ANCA相关性肾炎、急性肾小管坏死和急性间质性肾炎;慢性肾功能异常前3位为IgA肾病、慢性肾小管间质损害和高血压肾损害。急、慢性肾功能异常的肾活检并发症分别为2.2%和5.8%,高于肾功能正常的发生率1.3%。但是没有肾脏切除、死亡等严重并发症。多因素分析显示肾小球滤过率与并发症发病率明显相关（P〈0.05）。结论：对肾功能异常患者谨慎肾活检,有助于明确病因和病理诊断,指导治疗。肾小球滤过率与并发症的发生密切相关。     

Idiopathic IgA nephropathy with diffuse crescent formation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological features and outcome of idiopathic IgA nephropathy with diffuse crescent formation in Chinese patients. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with diffuse crescentic IgA nephropathy (DCIgAN), 15 males and 10 females with median age of 28.5, and median disease duration of 5.1 months, were studied. Their clinical, laboratory and pathological features and outcome were investigated. Twenty-one were administered pulse immunosuppressive therapy, and 15 were followed up for more than 6 months. RESULTS: 1.14% had total IgA nephropathy, and 16.4% total diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis. Clinically, most of patients (88%) showed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with a high level of serum creatinine (418 +/- 264 micromol/l). Gross hematuria was noted in 72%, hypertension in 64%, and nephrotic syndrome in 48%. Pathologically, except for diffuse crescent formation (a median 65% and range 50-95%), we observed segmental necrosis of glomerular capillaries in 60%, glomerular infiltrating cells in 48%, endothelial cells proliferation in 32%, and rupture of Bowmans' capsule in 24%. Severe tubular interstitial damage was also found, tubular atrophy in 64%, interstitial fibrosis in 60%, diffuse interstitial infiltrating cells in 74%, and interstitial vasculitis in 40%. Immunopathologically, four phenotypes were observed; however, IgA associated with IgM deposition was higher than that in patients with general IgA nephropathy (IgAN). In addition, the infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, CD68+ and PCNA+ cells in renal tissue were significantly high compared with that in controls. In a follow-up study, 66.7% of patients had life-sustaining renal function, 4 of them had normal range of serum creatinine (<124 micromol/l), and only 5 were dialysis-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with crescentic IgA nephropathy mostly show rapidly progressive nephritis associated with more severe pathological changes including glomerular, tubular interstitial and vascular lesions than in patients with general IgAN. The infiltrates in glomeruli may contribute to the crescentic formation, and the intensive immune suppressing treatment is useful to improve renal damage in patients with DCIgAN.     

Epidemiology of idiopathic glomerular disease: a prospective study

In this study incidence rates of idiopathic glomerular disease in 1.5 X 10(6) Dutch adults between 16 and 65 years of age were determined, as well as the prevalence of these diseases in terms of indication for renal biopsy. The study was conducted between 1978 and 1985; indications for renal biopsy in decreasing hierarchical order were recently discovered uremia, nephrotic syndrome, chronic hematuria of less than two years duration with or without proteinuria or disturbed renal function, and chronic proteinuria of less than two years duration, of unknown origin. The main findings are fourfold. The incidence of IgA nephropathy and thin glomerular basal membrane lesions was high, 19 and 13 per 10(6) adults respectively, and the prevalence in patients biopsied because of non-azotemic chronic hematuria was 31% and 22%, respectively. In the normotensive non-azotemic adults biopsied because of chronic, mild proteinuria the prevalence of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and vascular hyalinosis was both 41%. Of the patients biopsied because of nephrotic syndrome the prevalence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (5%) was low, as was the incidence (less than 2 per 10(6) adults per year). Finally, the prevalence of diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis was 25% in patients biopsied because of uremia. This study is useful for the differential diagnosis of idiopathic glomerular disease.     

Clinical and pathological characterization of patients with microscopic polyangiitis with medium artery involvement

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) with medium artery involvement. METHODS: Hospitalized patients with MPA in recent two years were retrospectively studied. Their clinical and pathological features were compared between patients with and without renal medium artery involvement. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients had renal pathology confirmed MPA. Nine cases were with medium artery involvement. For the 30 patients without medium artery involvement, 24/30 had crescentic glomerulonephritis and 11/30 also had focal segmental glomerular fibrinoid necrosis; clinically, 21/30 patients were pANCA/MPO-ANCA positive, 26/30 had acute renal failure with an average duration of 14 weeks before MPA was diagnosed, eight cases achieved complete remission after intensive immunosuppressive therapy. Nine MPA patients had medium artery involvement, manifested as segmental fibrinoid necrosis of major branch of arcuate artery, glomerulus ischemia was predominant, but crescentic lesions were mild, none of them reached crescentic glomerulonephritis. Five of the nine were pANCA/MPO-ANCA positive, eight out of the nine patients had acute renal failure with an average duration of eight weeks before diagnosed, seven of the nine achieved complete remission after intensive immunosuppressive therapy. In comparison, MPA with medium artery involvement had a shorter duration (p < 0.05), less crescentic glomerulonephritis in patients with acute renal failure (p < 0.01) and more patients achieved complete remission after treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In present study, about 23% MPA patients had medium artery involvement and their impaired renal function is mainly due to extensive glomerular ischemia. These patients progressed to acute renal failure quicker and responded to therapy better.     

原发性肾病综合征并发急性肾损伤48例临床病理分析

目的探讨原发性肾病综合征合并急性肾损伤的临床及病理特点,提高此类并发症的防治水平。方法对我院原发性肾病综合征合并急性肾损伤患者的临床和病理改变进行回顾性分析。结果原发性肾病综合征合并急性肾损伤的临床特征表现为大量蛋白尿、高度水肿,常合并胸腹腔积液。肾脏病理类型：系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、肾小球微小病变及IgA肾病多见。其中系膜增生性肾小球肾炎22例,占46%;微小病变型10例,IgA肾病9例。所有患者均依据病理分型给予激素和（或）细胞毒药物,同时行利尿、控制感染、抗凝等综合治疗,其中5例进行血液透析治疗,肾损伤大多好转,但增生硬化型肾炎等预后较差。结论原发性肾病综合征并发急性肾损伤临床并不少见,多发生于系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、肾小球微小病变及IgA肾病,尽早明确病理诊断和去除诱因,并予相应治疗,大多患者预后良好,肾功能可恢复正常。     

70例男性系统性红斑狼疮患者临床及肾脏病理分析

目的：探讨男性系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者的临床及肾脏病理特点。方法：回顾性分析了我院2003年4月～2009年4月收治的70例男性SLE患者的临床表现及肾脏病理,并对部分患者进行了随访。结果：70例男性SLE患者年龄16岁～72岁,平均（34.8±14.1）岁,临床表现肾病综合征25例、慢性肾炎19例、急性肾衰竭8例、隐匿性肾炎14例,以及尿常规检查和肾功能正常者4例。42例患者进行了肾活检,肾脏病理结果为Ⅱ型3例、Ⅲ型5例、Ⅳ型20例、Ⅴ型5例,Ⅲ＋Ⅴ型4例,Ⅳ＋Ⅴ型5例。在肾病综合征患者中21例进行了肾活检的,病理类型分别为Ⅲ型1例、Ⅳ型9例、Ⅴ型4例、Ⅲ＋Ⅴ型2例、Ⅳ＋Ⅴ型5例;在8例急性肾衰竭患者中,7例进行了肾活检,病理均为Ⅳ型。结论：男性SLE在各个年龄段均可患病,临床和肾脏病理表现多样,多数患者病情较重,但也有部分患者肾脏损害较轻。     

2型糖尿病合并非糖尿病肾病的临床及病理分析

目的：回顾性分析2型糖尿病合并非糖尿病肾病的临床表现及病理特征。方法：回顾性分析2004年1月～2009年12月临床疑为合并非糖尿病肾病的110例2型糖尿病患者的肾活检资料。根据肾活检结果分为单纯糖尿病肾病（DN）组和糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病（NDRD）组,并对临床和病理资料进行分析。结果：110例2型糖尿病肾病患者中,50例（45.5%）合并非糖尿病肾病。糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病组蛋白尿、血尿发生率高于单纯糖尿病肾病组,但糖尿病视网膜病变发生率低于单纯糖尿病肾病组。两组年龄、糖尿病病程、高血压、血肌酐和肾小球滤过率差异无统计学意义。所有合并的非糖尿病肾病中,IgA肾病的比率最高为34%,其他依次为膜性肾病22.0%,系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎14%,HBV相关性肾小球肾炎8.0%,微小病变型肾小球肾炎10%,高血压肾小球硬化4.0%,FSGS4.0%,新月体肾小球肾炎2.0%,狼疮性肾炎2.0%。结论：2型糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病发生率45.5%,IgA肾病最常见。血尿、蛋白尿同时缺乏糖尿病视网膜病变强烈提示合并非糖尿病肾病。对于临床表现不典型的患者,肾活检是一项排除糖尿病肾脏病变的重要手段。