外伤性脾破裂的螺旋CT诊断（附36例分析）

目的评价螺旋CT在外伤性脾破裂诊断中的价值。方法收集我院2001年5月至2008年10月36例明确诊断为脾破裂的CT资料进行分析。结果CT平扫发现脾破裂20例,脾包膜下破裂出血10例,3例CT平扫阴性经作增强扫描证实,3例为迟缓性出血。结论CT扫描有利于对外伤性脾破裂的及时诊断,有利于指导临床治疗。     

螺旋CT三维重建在脊柱骨折中的应用

目的探讨螺旋CT3D重建对脊柱骨折的诊断价值。方法70例脊柱骨折患者均经螺旋CT扫描及3D重建。螺旋CT扫描是以层厚3mm～5mm．进床速度3mm／s～5mm／s，电压120kV，电流200mA，薄层重建1mm～3mm进行的。3D重建在工作站上进行。选择重建时合适的阈值，脊柱200HU，分别进行脊柱及周围软组织重建，并用假彩色技术处理。使用不同的旋转轴观察病变，测量有关数据。结果全部病例均被清楚显示骨折线的走行、骨折的部位、类型、严重程度、移位及椎管狭窄状况。结论螺旋CT3D重建对脊柱骨折具有重要诊断价值，简化了观察者的思维过程，并能为选择治疗方案和评价预后提供可靠依据。     

Acute trauma to the shoulder: Role of spiral computed tomographic imaging

Spiral computed tomography (CT) has been shown to have significant advantages over dynamic CT by potentially eliminating interscan and intrascan motion, resulting in true volume datasets. The use of spiral CT in the shoulder would potentially be of benefit to those patients in whom CT is needed to define the extent of injury. This report presents our initial experience with spiral CT in acute shoulder trauma.     

螺旋CT扫描和三维重建诊断颌面部骨折的应用价值

目的：研究螺旋CT二维影像和三维影像对显示颌面部骨折的优缺点和临床应用价值。方法：对22例不同类型的颌面部骨折患者进行了螺旋CT薄层扫描和三维重建。结果：对于颌面部骨折的诊断，CT二维和CT三维重建影像不存在明显差异，但CT三维重建对下颌骨髁状突骨折 和Le-Fort各型骨折的显示优于CT二维影像，CT二维影像在发现细小骨折和深部结构骨折及骨折周围软组织改变方面优于CT三维重建。结论：CT二维、CT三维重建对于颌面部骨折的显示各有优缺点，两者结合应用，为最佳检查方法。     

螺旋CT三维重建在颌面部外伤中的临床应用价值

目的探讨螺旋CT三维重建对颌面部外伤的诊断准确性。方法50例颌面部外伤患者均经螺旋CT扫描及三维重建。结果螺旋CT三维重建在显示颌面部骨折的类型、位置、范围、骨折的移位、塌陷深度等方面明显优于常规CT,特别是对一些复合的粉碎性骨折,SSD可以显示出畸形的立体形态。结论螺旋CT三维重建能立体、直观地显示颌面部的解剖及病理解剖关系,增加了影像的信息量,为制定临床治疗方案提供大量依据。     

Helical computed tomographic angiography in penetrating neck trauma

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of helical computed tomographic angiography (HCTA) to detect vascular injury in penetrating neck trauma. Thirty-five patients (30 gunshot wounds and 5 stab wounds) were studied prospectively with HCTA. Scans were performed with a 5-mm slice thickness at a 1:1 pitch after injection of 90 ml of nonionic contrast medium (30-second delay) at 3 ml/sec. Results were compared with those for angiography (29), surgery (3), ultrasound (2), and local inspection (1). HCTA correctly revealed 19 normal and 10 abnormal studies. In 8 cases, HCTA revealed irregular vessel margins (3), contrast extravasation (2), lack of vascular enhancement (1), and caliber changes (2). In 2 patients, HCTA revealed indirect signs of injury only. In 6 cases, HCTA findings did not correlate with angiography. HCTA detects both direct and indirect signs of vascular injury. Although indirect findings are more sensitive, the direct evaluation of vessels increases the specificity and has a high negative predictive value.     

螺旋CT双期或三期扫描对肝脏占位性病变的诊断

目的：分析肝脏螺旋CT双期或三期扫描表现，探讨其对原发性肝癌、肝转移瘤、肝血管瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断的意义。方法：经临床证实25例，均作螺旋CT平扫、动脉期、门脉期及部分平衡期和延迟期扫描，并分析螺旋CT多期扫描表现。结果：原发性肝癌动脉期明显强化而肝脏无强化，形成鲜明的对比，门脉期呈相对低密度或恢复到平扫时表现。肝血管瘤CT特征为动脉期呈边缘性环状、结节样强化，门脉期病灶边缘强化向中心强化并充满病灶呈高密度，平衡期呈等密度或低密度肝转移瘤表现多样化，周边强化或不均匀强化或不强化。结论：螺旋CT双期或三期扫描已作为对肝脏占位性病变的主要检查方法，并作为常规。     

Optimized preoperative planning of calcaneal fractures using spiral computed tomography

The aim of this study was the evaluation of spiral-CT examinations in preoperative planning of calcaneal fractures supported by 3D reconstructions after electronic disarticulation. We examined 45 patients with 47 calcaneal fractures with diagnostic spiral-CT examinations in a prospective study. In addition to the conventional axial slices and sagittal reconstructions, 3D reconstructions prior to and after electronic disarticulation were performed and rated by orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists. The following diagnostic criteria were rated: involvement of articular facets, number of fragments and hindfoot deformities. Axial slices were considered to be the gold standard, because not all patients underwent surgical treatment. Axial slices showed involvement of 90 articular facets (100 %). Three-dimensional reformations after electronic disarticulation depicted 82 fractures (82 of 90, 91 %), sagittal reconstructions 63 fractures (63 of 90, 70 %). Three-dimensional reconstructions without electronic disarticulation showed five fractures (5 of 90, 5.5 %). The number of fragments was demonstrated best on sagittal reconstructions (two, three or four fragments); five fragments were diagnosed best on axial slices, and 3D reconstruction without electronic disarticulation showed only a very small number of fragments, due to overlaying bones. Hindfoot deformities (lateralisation, varus deformation, shortening) were demonstrated best on axial slices, except in terms of showing height reduction, which was demonstrated better on sagittal and 3D reconstructions. Three-dimensional reconstructions after electronic disarticulation support a clear understanding of the 3D position of the fragments and of their displacement in comparison with 3D reconstruction without electronic disarticulation, which is essential for an effective surgical reduction. Due to the potential manipulation of surface-oriented 3D reconstructions, regardless of whether electronic disarticulation is used, this imaging technique should not be considered in an isolated framework. Three-dimensional images without electronic disarticulation are superfluous in any case. Received: 1 April 1998; Revision received: 2 July 1998; Accepted: 24 September 1998     

螺旋CT三维重建对颈椎狭窄症的术前评价

目的探讨螺旋CT三维重建对颈椎狭窄症术前的诊断价值。方法用螺旋CT对45例拟行手术治疗的颈椎狭窄症患者行薄层容积扫描,采用合适的重建参数及阈值在工作站上进行三维重建,多角度、多层面拍片。结果三维重建图像清晰显示颈椎椎管、横突孔及椎间孔的狭窄情况,45例患者中,其CT表现有椎体骨质增生(n=36),骨质增生合并后纵韧带肥厚骨化(n=6),椎问盘钙化(n=3),横突孔狭窄(n=9)以及椎间孔不规则狭窄(n=24)。上述CT诊断均经病理证实。结论螺旋CT三维重建简化了观察者的思维过程,可直观地了解颈椎狭窄症的三孔立体空间的实际大小、形态、位置及周围组织的立体解剖显示,可为制订手术方案提供重要的信息。     

螺旋CT多维重建对颞下颌关节损伤的临床应用价值

目的 :探讨螺旋CT多维重建技术对颞下颌关节 (TMJ)损伤的准确性及临床应用价值。材料与方法 :搜集TMJ损伤患者 30例 ,行螺旋CT薄层扫描和多维重建。结果 :SCT多维重建技术显示TMJ骨性结构、骨折线走行方向、骨折范围、位置、类型及骨折块移位等方面信息多 ,明显优于传统X线和MRI检查。结论 :SCT多维重建技术对TMJ损伤影像显示接近病理解剖表现 ,对临床治疗具有重要价值。     

动态多期螺旋CT扫描在肝内胆管细胞癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT动态增强扫描在肝内胆管细胞癌诊断中的应用价值。方法对经手术病理证实的30例肝内胆管细胞癌的CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果 30例患者中,肿瘤型18例,平扫表现为肝内单发的低密度不规则肿块,增强动脉期病灶无强化6例,外周部分呈轻度、不完全的环状强化12例,门脉期病灶进一步强化14例,延迟扫描病灶内部呈斑片状持续强化6例、网状或线状持续强化8例,病灶中央始终不强化4例;浸润型4例,平扫表现为肝内胆管壁局限性增厚、管腔狭窄,于增强后各期胆管壁缓慢持续强化;腔内生长型8例,平扫示近肝门部局限性软组织肿块并见肝管扩张增粗及狭窄,增强后近肝门肿块缓慢持续强化。结论螺旋CT动态增强扫描对提高肝内胆管细胞癌的正确诊断率具有一定价值。     

螺旋CT多功能重建方式对腰椎峡部裂的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT(SCT)不同重建方式对腰椎峡部裂(spondyloschisis,SS)的诊断价值。方法对32例腰椎峡部裂行容积扫描后,进行表面重建(SSD)、多方位多平面重建(MPR)、改良法最大密度投影(MIP)等后处理,并由2位有经验的高年资放射科医生将获得的图像进行比较、分析。结果SSD显示SS20例22处及14例椎体滑脱,图像立体感强,解剖关系清晰;SSD结合切割(cut)及任意剖面技术,观察SS裂隙及局部骨痂、骨赘等细节,弥补了SSD只能显示感兴趣区表面改变的不足,进一步提高了对较小SS裂隙的显示率。MPR包括矢状位重建、冠状位重建、平行于椎板的左右斜位重建、沿椎管曲面重建(CPR)、平行椎弓轴线的反角度轴位重建(reversangleaxialreconstruction,RAAR)等,能显示全部32例73处SS及全部14例椎体滑脱;利用MPR的任意窗口技术可以分别显示局部骨质和软组织改变,并可对病变进行准确测量。MIP及其多角度投影技术、改良法切割技术,可以多方位、立体直观显示全部SS及其形态、走向、局部骨质改变等。结论螺旋CT多功能重建方式相互匹配是诊断SS的最佳方案,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

卵巢结核的螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨螺旋CT对卵巢结核的诊断与鉴别诊断能力。方法 16例经手术或病理证实的卵巢结核患者均经螺旋CT扫描及增强扫描。结果 CT表现主要为囊性4例，囊实混合性10例，实性2例，其中，囊实混合性最常见。增强扫描呈环形强化和实性部分强化，病灶钙化出现率43．8％。结论 螺旋CT能很好地显示卵巢结核的大小、形态、内部结构和病变周围的情况，并具有重要的诊断价值。     

Feasibility of slice width reduction for spiral cranial computed tomography using iterative image reconstruction

Purpose

To prospectively compare image quality of cranial computed tomography (CCT) examinations with varying slice widths using traditional filtered back projection (FBP) versus sinogram-affirmed iterative image reconstruction (SAFIRE).

Materials and methods

29 consecutive patients (14 men, mean age: 72 ± 17 years) referred for a total of 40 CCT studies were prospectively included. Each CCT raw data set was reconstructed with FBP and SAFIRE at 5 slice widths (1–5 mm; 1 mm increments). Objective image quality was assessed in three predefined regions of the brain (white matter, thalamus, cerebellum) using identical regions of interest (ROIs). Subjective image quality was assessed by 2 experienced radiologists. Objective and subjective image quality parameters were statistically compared between FBP and SAFIRE reconstructions.

Results

SAFIRE reconstructions resulted in mean noise reductions of 43.8% in the white matter, 45.6% in the thalamus and 42.0% in the cerebellum (p < 0.01) compared to FBP on non contrast-enhanced 1 mm slice width images. Corresponding mean noise reductions on 1 mm contrast-enhanced studies were 45.7%, 47.3%, and 45.0% in the white matter, thalamus, and cerebellum, respectively (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in mean attenuation of any region or slice width between the two reconstruction methods (all p > 0.05). Subjective image quality of IR images was mostly rated higher than that of the FBP images.

Conclusion

Compared to FBP, SAFIRE provides significant reductions in image noise while increasing subjective image in CCT, particularly when thinner slices are used. Therefore, SAFIRE may allow utilization of thinner slices in CCT, potentially reducing partial volume effects and improving diagnostic accuracy.     

螺旋CT薄层多平面重建在肾癌诊断与分期中的作用

目的分析肾癌的螺旋CT表现,探讨SCT薄层多平面重建在肾癌诊断及分期中的价值。方法在33例中利用SCT薄层多平面CT征象所见与手术病理结果对照。结果SCT薄层多平面分期扫描显示最小肿瘤特征,Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期10例,Ⅲ期9例,Ⅳ期9例,与手术病理对照,准确率为87．87％。结论SCT薄层及多平面重建的方法可准确显示肾癌的特征与邻近浸润及肾静脉与下腔静脉内癌栓表现,提高诊断与分期的符合率。     

48例创伤性膈肌破裂的诊治体会

目的　探讨创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断与治疗。方法　对我院 1976年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月收治的创伤性膈肌破裂病人进行了回顾性分析。结果　本组病人的临床表现复杂 ,大多数缺乏特征性征象。 4 8例中术前明确诊断的仅 2 0例 ,确诊率 4 1.7%。全组死亡 2例 ,死亡率 4 .2 %。结论　创伤性膈肌破裂多数为左侧 ,主要损伤机制是刃器伤和钝性伤。根据症状、体征 ,结合胸部X线、上消化道造影、CT、人工气腹等检查 ,能提高诊断率 ;膈肌破裂一经确诊 ,应手术治疗 ;根据胸、腹脏器损伤的情况 ,选用手术切口     

创伤性膈疝的诊断与治疗

目的 总结创伤性膈疝的诊断和治疗经验。方法 分析27例创伤性膈疝患者受伤的原因，入院时的主要症状，体征，合并伤，信要检查资料及手术时机，死亡原因，钝性伤13例。锐器穿透伤14例；左膈疝25例，右膈疝2例；经腹手术14例，经腹手术13例。结果 22例（81.5%)术后痊愈，5例死亡。死亡率18.5%。结论 胸腹部创伤患者应警惕膈肌的损伤，创伤性膈疝的表现常被合并伤的表现所掩盖，要注意受伤的原因，体位及外力作用的方向。认真的胸部X线电视透视是最可靠的检查方法。创伤性膈疝一经发现，应尽快给予手术治疗。     

螺旋CT多功能重建在骨关节外伤中的应用

目的 探讨螺旋cT功能重建在骨与关节外伤中的应用，提高重建技术的使用能力和诊断水平。方法 对使用双层螺旋CT，SSD，MPR，MIP等多种方式重建检查的49例复杂的骨与关节外伤病例进行回顾性分析。结果 49例骨关节外伤重建成像，其中，颅底3例，颌面部7例，颈、胸、腰、骶椎共17例，肩胛骨3例，髋关节8例，膝关节11例。SSD在显示碎骨片明显移位的空间关系方面较MIP，MPR为佳，它可以直观地、立体地、清晰地、多角度显示骨关节损伤，而MIP在显示骨折细节方面较优，尤其在外伤中颅窝观察有关神经孔方面。结论 螺旋CT的SSD，MPR和MIP技术的综合应用，对复杂的骨折、关节损伤的显示效果良好，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

The magnetic resonance diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture: A report of two cases

Two patients are reported with rupture of the right and left hemidiaphragms, respectively, after blunt abdominal trauma. The diagnosis in both cases was suggested by plain radiographs and computed tomography but was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The magnetic resonance scan in both cases clearly showed the diaphragmatic injury and herniation of abdominal contents into the chest.     

螺旋CT横断扫描及重建对肩关节创伤的临床应用研究

目的:探讨螺旋CT横断扫描及重建技术(SSD、MPR)在肩关节创伤中的临床应用价值及技术特点。方法:回顾性分析我院收治经X线、CT、SSD和MPR证实的肩关节外伤57例及正常对照组40例。SSD和MPR以横断面螺旋CT扫描图像为基础,层厚3-5mm,螺距1-1.5,重建间距1-2mm。结果:SSD、MPR图像质量与扫描参数的选择及重建间距密切相关,SSD及MPR图像均能更好地显示骨折,并可立体地显示骨折线的长短、形态、走向,碎骨片的形态、大小、空间位置以及骨折的移位和关节对位情况。结论:螺旋CT扫描及重建技术对肩关节的骨折、脱位或半脱位可提供有价值的空间关系信息,利于临床医师选择治疗方案和制订手术计划。