实时三维超声心动图评价房间隔缺损封堵术后右室容积的临床研究

目的:评价房间隔缺损患者封堵术后右室整体及节段容积变化。方法:选取33例成功行房间隔缺损封堵术的患者,术前、后用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)计算右室容积,RT-3DE经Qlab软件分析得出右室整体及节段的舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)和每搏输出量(SV),并计算3个节段的EDV、ESV、SV占整体容积的比率。结果:与术前比,术后右室整体、体部和流出道部的EDV、ESV、SV均减低,流入道部的EDV、SV亦均减低(均P0.05);3个节段中,流入道部的EDV、ESV、SV占整体容积的比率最大。结论:RT-3DE是评价房间隔缺损患者封堵术右室整体及节段容积变化的可靠方法。     

实时三维超声心动图评价冠脉介入治疗后心功能的价值

目的:探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价冠脉介入治疗后心功能的价值。方法:收集我院自2013年01月至2014年01月间45例冠心病患者(CHD组)的临床资料,所有患者均接受选择性冠状动脉造影检查及介入治疗,选择同期健康体检者45例作为正常对照组,分别采用RT-3DE和二维彩超(2DE)对两组患者舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、峰值射血率(PER)、峰值充盈率(PFR)进行检测比较。结果:在正常对照组中,两种测量方法各项指标均无明显差异(P均>0.05);CHD患者中,与2DE测量值比较,RT-3DE检测的EDV[(130.6±30.3)ml比(152.5±35.2)ml]、ESV[(75.2±21.8)ml比(94.1±22.5)ml]、PER[(2.41±0.47)比(2.81±0.39)]、PFR[(1.85±0.25)比(2.13±0.31)]显著升高,LVEF值[(45.8±5.2)%比(41.6±4.9)%]显著下降(P均<0.01);CHD组介入治疗后1周、1月及3月患者EDV、ESV逐渐降低,LVEF、PER、PFR逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论:实时三维超声心动图可对PCI术前后心脏形态与功能进行直观、精确的定量评价,是一种可靠、快捷、简单的评价冠心病患者的PCI疗效的新方法。     

造影超声心动图评估肥厚性心肌病患者左心室收缩功能

目的比较常规超声心动图、造影超声心动图及心脏磁共振成像技术对肥厚性心肌病患者左心室收缩功能的测定。方法纳入2014年9月至2016年9月在四川大学华西医院同时完成上述3种影像学检查的48例肥厚性心肌病患者,其中女性20例,男性28例,分别对左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)进行比较。结果 3种技术所测LVEDV比较,心脏磁共振成像测值大于造影超声心动图和常规超声心动图[(151.43±70.94)ml比(123.45±44.37)ml和(99.62±35.91)ml,均为P<0.05];所测LVEF比较,造影超声心动图测值大于常规超声心动图和心脏磁共振成像(74.38%±8.87%比68.97%±10.63%和64.46%±11.41%,均为P<0.05);而常规超声心动图所测左心室ESV与造影超声心动图比较差异无统计学意义[(36.21±22.32)ml比(34.13±35.54)ml,P>0.05],但均小于心脏磁共振成像测值[(59.69±70.13)ml,均为P<0.05];造影超声心动图所测左心室SV与心脏磁共振成像比较差异无统计学意义[(92.73±22.99)ml比(92.74±23.77)ml,P>0.05],但均大于常规超声心动图测值[(63.40±22.24)ml,均为P<0.05]。造影超声心动图与心脏磁共振成像在测定左心室EDV(r=0.91)、ESV(r=0.98)、SV(r=0.42)及LVEF(r=0.75)时相关(均为P<0.05);常规超声心动图与心脏磁共振成像在测定左心室EDV(r=0.83)、ESV(r=0.90)及LVEF(r=0.59)时相关(均为P<0.05),而二者在测定SV时无明显相关性(r=0.18,P>0.05)。结论相对于常规超声心动图,造影超声心动图与心脏磁共振成像技术对肥厚性心肌病患者左心室容积及收缩功能测定的相关性更好。     

单心动周期全容积实时三维超声心动图评价肥厚型心肌病右心容积和射血分数研究

目的单心动周期实时三维超声心动图(s RT-3DE)测量肥厚型心肌病患者右室容积和射血分数,探讨其临床应用价值。方法 24例肥厚型心肌病患者为心肌病组,50例健康成人为对照组。应用s RT-3DE测量右室容积和射血分数,对右室容积参数,用体表面积(BSA)标化,并行统计分析。结果两组间测值比较,标化前肥厚型心肌病组右室舒张末容积(RVEDV)、右室收缩末容积(RVESV)、右室每搏输出量(RVSV)小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01),心肌病组右室射血分数(RVEF)大于对照组,差异有统计学意义。(P0.05);标化后肥厚型心肌病组RVEDV、RVESV、RVSV小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论与正常心脏相比,肥厚型心肌病患者右室功能存在差异。     

PCI介入治疗对冠心病患者左心室局部及整体收缩功能的影响

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者左心室局部及整体收缩功能的影响。方法选取30例行PCI的冠心病患者作为研究组,另选取30名健康成人作为对照组,在介入治疗前后分别对两组患者行实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)检查,测定、比较左心室整体及局部的舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)变化。结果研究组术前的EDV、ESV值显著高于对照组(P0.05),LVEF值显著低于对照组(P0.05),术后1个月的EDV、ESV值明显降低,LVEF值明显升高,与术前比较有显著性差异(P均0.05)。研究组术后1个月的EDV、ESV、LVEF值与对照组比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。与术前相比,研究组心尖帽、前间隔心尖段、前间隔基底段、前间隔中间段、前壁心尖段、前壁基底段、前壁中间段的局部舒张末期容积(rEDV)、局部收缩末期容积(rESV)值均明显降低,局部射血分数(rLVEF)值均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论冠心病患者经PCI介入治疗后,左心室局部及整体收缩功能均有明显改善,应用RT-3DE能够对患者的左心室收缩功能进行定量评价。     

应用实时三维超声心动图技术评价经皮室间隔化学消融术对肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者左心室舒张功能的影响

目的:应用实时三维超声心动图技术评价肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者经皮室间隔化学消融术(PTSMA)前及治疗后中远期左心室各节段舒张功能,探讨PTSMA对左心室舒张功能的影响。方法:46例HOCM患者于PTSMA术前及术后中远期(平均18.8个月),分别进行两次全面的超声心动图检查,测量二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值(E峰)/二尖瓣口舒张晚期血流速度峰值(A峰)比值(E/A比值),E峰/二尖瓣环舒张早期血流速度峰值(Ea峰)比值(E/Ea比值)。并进行实时三维超声心动图图像采集,获得17节段容积—时间曲线,计算左心室各节段的舒张末期容积(r EDV)、收缩末期容积(r ESV),容积变化(r SV)及充盈率(r PFR)。结果:46例患者术后随访E/Ea比值较术前明显降低(12.04±3.29 vs 15.70±5.68,P0.001),左心室前壁中间段及前间隔中间段的r SV较术前减低[前壁中间段:(1.13±1.60)ml vs(4.38±0.66)ml;前间隔中间段:(3.14±1.04)ml vs(5.61±2.15)ml,PO.05],前间隔中间段、后间隔中间段及间隔心尖段的r PFR较术前升高[前间隔中间段:(15.94±3.09)ml/s vs(12.07±2.91)ml/s;后间隔中间段:(10.15±1.91)ml/s vs(5.57±1.81)ml/s;间隔心尖段:(17.42±6.50)ml/s vs(9.29±2.25)ml/s,PO.05]。结论:PTSMA后,患者左心室局部舒张功能得到改善,实时三维超声心动图可能为定量评价左心室节段舒张功能提供了新的方法和视角。     

实时三维超声心动图评价冠心病患者PTCA术后左室局部室壁运动异常

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)对冠心病患者经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)术前、术后左室局部室壁运动异常的临床价值.方法 心肌缺血组12例及心肌梗死组20例,患者均因冠状动脉狭窄行PTCA及支架置入术,分别于术前1 d、术后1 w及3个月行RT-3DE检测,测量左室舒张末容积(EDV)、收缩末容积(ESV) 和左室射血分数(EF),并获得左室17节段时间-容积曲线和 "牛眼图".结果 术前及术后心肌梗死组与缺血组比较,EDV、ESV增加,EF值降低(P＜0.05);缺血组术后1 w与术前比较,EDV、ESV缩小,EF升高(P＜0.05),3 个月时仍有改善,但与1 w时相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05);心肌梗死组术后1 w与术前相比,EDV和ESV有所减低,EF有所增高,但无显著性差异(P＞0.05),术后3个月时,EDV、ESV显著缩小,EF显著增加,与术后1 w比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05) .心肌缺血组与心肌梗死组17节段时间-容积曲线和动态牛眼图显示术后缺血或梗死节段的运动得到改善,缺血组恢复更明显.结论 RT-3DE技术能客观、实时评价左心室收缩功能及室壁节段性运动异常,可作为经皮冠状动脉介入术后疗效观察的有效手段.     

肥厚型心肌病左心房功能改变的超声研究

目的用超声声学定量(AQ)技术研究肥厚型心肌病(HCM)左心房结构与功能的改变。方法将辽宁省人民医院2004年7月至2005年10月门诊及住院患者进行分组,其中肥厚型梗阻性心肌病组27例,肥厚型非梗阻性心肌病组29例,另选健康体检者30名作为对照组。采用AQ技术,测量左心房快速排空分数(LAEF)、峰值快速排空率(PRER);左心房存储容积(RV)和峰值充盈率(PFR)、左心室收缩末期左心房容量(ESV);左心房主动收缩排空分数(AEF)和峰值心房排空率(PAER)。结果与对照组比较,HCM组左心房LAEF减低;RV和PFR增高;AEF和PAER增加。结论HCM组峰值左房管道功能减低,助力泵功能和储存器功能代偿性增强,AQ技术为左心房功能的评价提供了无创性新方法。     

64排螺旋CT与实时三维超声心动图定量评价冠心病左室收缩功能的对比研究

目的比较64排螺旋CT（64-MDCT）和实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE）定量评价冠心病患者左室收缩功能的临床应用价值。方法 108例冠心病患者同期行64-MDCT和经胸RT-3DE检查,测量左室舒张末期容积（EDV）、收缩末期容积（ESV）、每搏输出量（SV）和左室射血分数（LVEF）,并采用逐步多元线性回归（SMLR）方法进行分析。结果 64-MDCT和RT-3DE测得左心功能各指标的数据在统计学上无统计学差异,采用SMLR法进行比较,r分别为EDV为0.835 2、ESV为0.804 3、SV为0.763 2、LVEF为0.897 1,P均〉0.05。两种方法所测EF值偏差较小,无统计学差异。结论 64-MDCT和RT-3DE两种方法在评价左室收缩功能方面具有很好的相关性,在准确测量左室收缩功能、有效评价冠心病左室重构和心脏功能损伤上可以互为补充。     

扩张型心肌病患者心外膜脂肪厚度与左心室重构的相关性

目的研究扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者心外膜脂肪厚度与左心室重构及左心室功能不全的关系。方法收集DCM患者120例(DCM组)和健康体检者76例(对照组),应用常规心脏超声测量左心室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末容积指数(LVESVI)、左心室舒张末容积指数(LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末球形指数(SIs)、左心室舒张末球形指数(SId)、LVEF、心外膜脂肪厚度等,比较2组各超声指标的关系。结果 DCM组LVESD[(53.0±9.6)mmvs(33.2±4.5)mm]、LVEDD[(68.5±9.3)mmvs(38.3±3.0)mm]、LVESV[(79.5±13.6)ml vs(42.0±10.5)ml]、LVEDV[(165.0±18.6)ml vs(98.2±14.0)ml]、LVESVI[(49.2±10.7)ml/m2 vs(30.6±9.6)ml/m2]、LVEDVI[(101.8±10.0)ml/m2 vs(61.4±9.0)ml/m2]较对照组明显增高,LVEF[(31.5±7.2)%vs(64.9±6.4)%]、SIs[(1.3±0.2)vs(2.0±0.3)]、SId[(1.3±0.2)vs(1.8±0.2)]和心外膜脂肪厚度[(4.9±1.1)mmvs(7.8±2.0)mm]较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。DCM组心外膜脂肪厚度与LVESD、LVEDD、LVESV、LVEDV、LVEDVI、LVESVI、SIs、SId呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 DCM患者的心外膜脂肪厚度与左心室重构明显相关,与左心室功能不全无相关性。     

High-resolution transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: quantitation of cardiac volumes and function using semi-automatic border detection and comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVES: We sought to validate high-resolution transthoracic real-time (RT) three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE), in combination with a novel semi-automatic contour detection algorithm, for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes and function in patients. BACKGROUND: Quantitative RT-3DE has been limited by impaired image quality and time-consuming manual data analysis. METHODS: Twenty-four subjects with abnormal (n = 14) or normal (n = 10) LVs were investigated. The results for end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) obtained by manual tracing were compared with the results determined by the semi-automatic border detection algorithm. Moreover, the results of the semi-automatic method were compared with volumes and EF obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). RESULTS: Excellent correlation coefficients (r = 0.98 to 0.99) and low variability (EDV -1.3 +/- 8.6 ml; ESV -0.2 +/- 5.4 ml; EF -0.1 +/- 2.7%; p = NS) were observed between the semi-automatically and manually assessed data. The RT-3DE data correlated highly with CMRI (r = 0.98). However, LV volumes were underestimated by RT-3DE compared with CMRI (EDV -13.6 +/- 18.9 ml, p = 0.002; ESV -12.8 +/- 20.5 ml, p = 0.005). The difference for EF was not significant between the two methods (EF 0.9 +/- 4.4%, p = NS). Observer variability was acceptable, and repeatability of the method was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The RT-3DE, in combination with a semi-automatic contour tracing algorithm, allows accurate determination of cardiac volumes and function compared with both manual tracing and CMRI. High repeatability suggests applicability of the method for the serial follow-up of patients with cardiac disease.     

Segmental Contribution to Left Ventricular Systolic Function at Rest and Stress: A Quantitative Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiographic Study

Objective: To assess the relative contribution of each myocardial segment to global systolic function during stress using real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE). Background: During stress, global augmentation in contractility results in an increased stroke volume. The relative contribution of each myocardial segment to these volumetric changes is unknown. Methods: Full volume was acquired using RT3DE at rest and following peak exercise in 22 patients who had no ischemia and no systolic dyssynchrony on two‐dimensional (2D) stress echocardiography. The following were calculated at rest and peak stress: end‐diastolic volume (EDV), end‐systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), relative SV, and relative EF. Results: With stress, an increase in global EDV from 90.8 to 101.1 ml (P < 0.001), SV from 59 to 78.4 ml (P = 0.01), and EF from 65.6 to 78.4% (P = 0.001) was observed. ESV decreased from 31.8 to 22.7 ml (P < 0.001). Segmental analysis revealed significantly higher SV, relative SV, and relative EF for the basal anterior, basal anterolateral, and basal inferolateral segments compared with the apical septum and apical inferior segments at both rest and stress (P < 0.001). The SV, relative SV, and relative EF increased significantly from apex to mid to base at both rest and stress (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The relative volumetric contribution of each myocardial segment to global left ventricular systolic function at rest and stress is not uniform. The basal segments contribute more than the mid and apical segments. Specifically, the basal anterior, basal anterolateral, and basal inferolateral segments contribute the most to augmentation of left ventricular systolic function with exercise. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2010;27:167‐173)     

Freehand three-dimensional echocardiography with rotational scanning for measurements of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction in patients with coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Measurement of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) is important in managing patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Introduction of free-hand three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) system which is equipped with small magnetic tracking system and average rotational geometry for LV volumes may provide easy and accurate quantification of LV systolic function in CAD patients. PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of LV volumes and EF measurement by free-hand 3DE with rotational geometry in patients with CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study subjects consisted of consecutive 25 patients with CAD who were scheduled for quantitative gated single-photon emission computed tomography (QGS). LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and EF were determined by conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), 3DE, and QGS. Three-dimensional echocardiography data acquisition and analysis were possible in 22 of 25 subjects (feasibility 88%). In this 3DE system, image acquisition time was 2 minutes, and 5 minutes were needed for off-line analysis of LV volumes and EF. Correlations and the limits of agreement between 3DE and QGS (r = 0.97, 0.0 +/- 9.1 ml for EDV, r = 0.99, 0.0 +/- 5.0 ml for ESV, and r = 0.97, 0.5 +/- 3.3% for EF, respectively) were superior to those between 2DE and QGS (r = 0.85, 12.6 +/- 26.8 ml for EDV, r = 0.85, 9.7 +/- 26.1 ml for ESV, and r = 0.90, -1.3 +/- 6.9% for EF, respectively). Inter- and intra-observer variabilities of 3DE were smaller than that of 2DE (5% vs 10%, 5% vs 10% for EDV, 6% vs 13%, 5% vs 9% for ESV, and 4% vs 11%, 4% vs 6% for EF, respectively). CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional echocardiography using magnetic tracking system and average rotational geometry offered a feasible and accurate method for quantification of LV volumes and EF in patients with CAD.     

时间-空间相关成像技术初步评价正常胎儿心脏心室容积及心室收缩功能

目的 探讨时间-空间相关成像技术(STIC技术)在正常胎儿心脏心室容积及心室收缩功能方面的应用.方法 选取进行胎儿超声心动检查的正常妊娠孕妇136例,按孕周分为22～周、23～周、24～周、25～周、26～周、27～周、28～周7组.运用时间-空间相关成像技术后处理软件获得容积参数,包括舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)及心室收缩功能参数(EF值)等,分析胎儿心室容积发育与孕周的关系,比较左右心室容积和收缩功能的差异.结果 胎儿左右心室容积参数EDV、ESV与孕周间均有线性相关关系,随孕周增长而增加,而收缩功能参数EF与孕周之间无明显线性关系,随孕周增长无明显变化;容积参数EDV、ESV左右心室之间差异无统计学意义,而EF左右心室间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 时间-空间相关成像技术对胎儿心内膜清晰成像时能够获得心室腔容积,进而评价心脏收缩功能,有助于进一步研究胎儿心脏容积发育和收缩功能变化.     

Postoperative left ventricular function in patients with mitral stenosis. The effect of commissurotomy and valve replacement on left ventricular systolic function

Preoperative and postoperative left ventricular cineangiograms of 26 patients with mitral stenosis (MS) were analyzed to calculate left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF) and systolic regional wall motion. Nine patients underwent commissurotomy (OMC group) and 17 patients underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR group). In both groups, postoperative EDV, SV and EF tended to increase, while ESV remained unchanged. In the OMC group, systolic wall motion of the left ventricle was found to be improved postoperatively, whereas systolic wall motion in the MVR group was found to be impaired postoperatively. The latter finding was assumed to be due to excision of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae. Preservation of these structures is likely to be important for better postoperative functional recovery of the left ventricle.     

磁共振电影成像评价左右心室整体收缩功能

目的对照超声心动图研究磁共振(MR)电影成像评价左右心室功能的应用价值。方法应用屏气真实稳定进动快速成像(TrueFISP)电影序列和右室改良定位方法对36名健康成人志愿者进行MRI检查,以及超声心动图左心功能对照检查。MRI图像经Argus心脏功能软件进行左右室功能的分析及评价。结果(1)MRI测量正常组的左心室整体收缩功能各指标:舒张末期容积(EDV)为(101.3±19.2)ml,收缩末期容积(ESV)为(42.1±13.3)ml,每搏输出量(SV)(69.2±9.8)ml,射血分数(EF)(59.1±7.2)%;右心室整体收缩功能EDV(118.9±27.1)ml,ESV(57.6±16.1)ml,SV(61.2±12.7)ml,EF(51.9±4.5)%。(2)MRI测量左心功能与超声心动图检查结果对照:EDV与超声心动图测值[(97.2±17.6)ml]比较,差异无统计学意义;ESV测值大于超声心动图测值[(33.2±9.4)ml],其余指标均低于超声检查[SV为(64.0±11.3)ml,EF为66.1%±6.2%,P<0.01]。两种方法各指标测量值相关性良好(r=0.66～0.80,P<0.05)。(3)右心室短轴定位改良前后心功能指标测值比较:除ESV测值与改良前差异无统计学意义外,EDV、SV、EF均明显大于改良前(P<0.05)。结论MRI是综合准确无创的心脏检查技术。其电影成像技术结合改良定位对左右心室功能测量准确,兼获心脏解剖和形态信息,可以用于心脏疾病的功能评价及疗效监测。     

应用实时三维超声心动图评价DDD模式 右心室不同部位起搏对左心功能的影响

目的探讨应用实时三维超声心动图评价房室顺序双心腔起搏、感知触发和抑制型(DDD)模式右心室不同部位起搏对左心功能的影响。方法 20例DDD模式起搏器植入患者行右心室电极室间隔(RVS)及右心室心尖部(RVA)起搏,其中最终10例行RVS起搏,10例行RVA起搏。术后应用实时三维超声心动图随访6个月及1年,观察左心功能变化,检测指标包括:左心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏量(SV)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、收缩末期容积(LVESV)。结果术后6个月,RVS起搏组10例患者LVEF 54%±5%、SV(46.2±6.8)ml与术前LVEF 53%±6%、SV(43.2±5.4)ml比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),RVA起搏组10例患者INEF46%±6%、SV(34.3±5.8)ml与术前INEF 54%±8%、sV(42.3±6.8)ml比较均减低(P0.05),此时两组LV-EDV、LVESV较术前变化差异不明显;术后1年随访,RVS起搏组10例患者LVEF 54%±6%、SV(44.1±8.4)ml与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),RVA起搏组10例患者LVEF 43%±9%、SV(31.5±8.2)ml与术后6个月比较进一步减低(P0.05),RVS起搏组LVEDV、LVESV较术前仍变化不明显(P0.05),RVA起搏组10例患者LVEDV(71.2±8.1)ml、LVESV(41.8±6.1)ml均较术前LVEDV(68.5±10.7)ml、LVESV(27.1±3.4)ml增大。结论长期的RVS起搏对左心功能无明显影响,而RVA起搏可降低左心功能,并造成左心室重构的风险加大。     

50例非心源性猝死患者心肺复苏后24小时内左室功能变化的临床研究

目的：研究心肺复苏后多器官功能障碍综合征（PR-MODS）患者在24h内左心室功能变化规律。方法：对急诊50例既往无心功能障碍的PRMODS患者，监测心肺复苏后12、24h左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、收缩末期容积（LVESV）、射血分数（LVEF）和每搏输出量（SV）。将存活〉12h组与存活〈12h组比较。结果：存活〉12h组（36例）其LVEDV和LVESV高于正常值[（106．22±16．06）ml vs （70．0±20．0）ml，t=16．96，P〈0．01；（46．94±11．72）ml vs （24．0±10．0）ml，t=11．74，P〈0．01）]；且其12h内LVEDV和LVESV低于存活〈12h组（14例）[（112．58±16．06）ml vs（129．35±21．15）ml，t=3．03，P〈0．01；（51．56±14．12）ml vs （64．14±14．32）ml，t=2．82，P％0．01）]。存活〉12h组其LVEF和SV低于正常值[（48．78％±5．76％）vs 〉50％；（62．17±5．56）ml vs（71．3±9．97）ml ，t=7．74，P〈0．01）]；且12h内LVEF和SV高于存活〈12h组[（45．06％±6．62％）vs （39．43％±8．14％），t=2．53，P〈0．01；（56．31±7．10）ml vs（54．57±6．80）ml，t=0．78，P〈0．01）]。结论：PR-MODS患者左心功能均较正常低下，且存活时间与心脏损伤程度有关。     

Accuracy of three-dimensional echocardiography with unrestricted selection of imaging planes for measurement of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction

BACKGROUND: Accurate, reproducible, noninvasive determination of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) is important for clinical assessment, risk stratification, selection of therapy, and serial monitoring of patients with cardiovascular disease. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) approaches have demonstrated significantly greater accuracy than current clinical 2DE, but the clinical utility of 3DE has been limited because of the need for substantial modifications to scanning technique (eg, all image acquisition from a single acoustic window) or cumbersome additional hardware. We describe a novel 3DE system without these limitations and its application to patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were examined by 3DE, 2DE, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 3DE system used a magnetic scanhead tracking device, and volumes were computed with a novel deformable shell model. End-diastolic volumes and EF by MRI ranged from 96 to 375 mL and 18% to 73%, respectively. There was excellent correlation, without statistically significant differences, between MRI and 3DE for end-systolic volume (ESV) (r(2) = 0.99) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) (r(2) = 0.98), ventricular stroke volume (SV) (r(2) = 0.93), and EF (r(2) = 0.97), with standard error estimates less than 10 mL for volumes and 3% for EF. Conventional 2DE consistently underestimated volumes (EDV, P <.01; ESV, P <.01; SV, P <.05); correlations with MRI were r(2) = 0.91 for ESV, r(2) = 0.88 for EDV, r(2) = 0.62 for SV, and r(2) = 0.72 for EF. Standard error estimates ranged from 16 to 20 mL for ventricular volumes and 9% for EF. Interobserver variability was reduced 3-fold with use of 3DE. CONCLUSIONS: The novel 3DE system allows unrestricted selection and combination of acoustic windows in a single examination, improves accuracy of estimates of LV volumes and EF 3-fold compared with 2DE, and is practical for routine clinical assessment of LV size and function in patients with a wide range of cardiac pathology.     

实时三维超声心动图与磁共振对比评价左心室射血分数≥45%患者的左心室容量

目的:评价实时三维超声心动图(RT3D)测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)≥45% 成年人左心室容量的准确性和重复性.方法:选取因各种不同原因进行心脏磁共振(MRI)检查显示 LVEF ≥45%的患者37例,同时进行RT3D检查.RT3D检查采用Philips iE-33型超声心动图仪,左心室容量及左心室功能的分析通过TomTec工作站用人工描记法完成,并与MRI所得结果相比较.结果:MRI测量的左心室舒张末期容量(EDV)为:60～208.76(110.48±33.50)ml,左心室收缩末期容量(ESV)为:19～102.4(45.80±17.84 )ml,LVEF为:45.40～71.10(59.13±7.24)%.RT3D测量的EDV为:42.8～ 211.9(100.64±34.48)ml,ESV为:14.30 ～94.54(44.08 ±17.62)ml,LVEF为:35.1～73.4(56.70±7.02)%.与MRI相比,RT3D低估EDV(P＜0.01,r=0.842,y=0.867x+4.88,SEE=18.86ml),二者平均相差(-9.84±38.26) ml.RT3D同时低估ESV,二者相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05,r=0.846,y=0.835x+5.82,SEE=9.53 ml),二者平均相差(-1.71±19.68)ml.RT3D所测的LVEF稍小于MRI所测得的LVEF,二者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,r=0.616,y=0.597x+21.38,SEE=5.61%),平均相差(-2.42±12.5 )%.在不同观察者间及观察者自身不同时间内测量的RT3D,结果显示良好的重复性.结论:与MRI相比,RT3D测量成人患者的左心室容量及LVEF有较好的准确性和重复性.