叶枯灵在大鼠尿内的代谢产物分析

大鼠ig叶枯灵后,用HPLC和TLC分离纯化尿提取液中的叶枯灵及其代谢产物,得到六个组分,经MS和UV初步鉴定为叶枯灵,苯甲酸,马尿酸和三个新化合物:肼叉-1.3-二噻茂烷,乙酰肼叉-1.3-二噻茂烷和丙酮酸缩肼叉-1.3-二噻茂烷,通过对代谢物的化学合成,进一步确证了它们的化学结构。     

多噻烷代谢产物的分离与鉴定

采用ＨＰＬＣ、ＧＣ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ对新农药多噻烷灌胃大鼠尿中主要代谢产物进行分离鉴定，结果表明，多噻烷经脱硫作用转化为杀虫环与杀蚕毒素，然后进一步发生甲基结合、氧化及脱甲基反应。共分离鉴定出５种代谢产物。     

左旋一叶碱的代谢转化

目的研究一叶碱［securinine,(-)SE］在大鼠体内外的代谢转化。方法采用大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵法对(-)SE的代谢转化进行了研究,优化了代谢体系,建立了反相HPLC法同时分离检测(-)SE及其体外代谢产物的分析方法。用液液萃取,制备TLC及半制备HPLC分离纯化了4个代谢产物并进行了光谱鉴定。在此基础上,建立了生物体液中(-)SE及其代谢物的反相HPLC分析方法,并用该法检测了ip给药后大鼠的胆汁、尿样及其经β-葡糖醛酸苷酶水解后的样品。结果代谢物分别鉴定为6-位羟基,6-位羰基及5-位α及β羟基取代的(-)SE,还证实了体内6-位羟基代谢物进一步形成了二相结合型产物。结论基本阐明(-)SE在大鼠体内外代谢转化的途径。     

左旋一叶萩碱的代谢转化

目的　研究一叶碱 [securinine ,( - )SE]在大鼠体内外的代谢转化。方法　采用大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵法对 ( - )SE的代谢转化进行了研究 ,优化了代谢体系 ,建立了反相HPLC法同时分离检测 ( - )SE及其体外代谢产物的分析方法。用液液萃取 ,制备TLC及半制备HPLC分离纯化了 4个代谢产物并进行了光谱鉴定。在此基础上 ,建立了生物体液中 ( - )SE及其代谢物的反相HPLC分析方法 ,并用该法检测了ip给药后大鼠的胆汁、尿样及其经 β 葡糖醛酸苷酶水解后的样品。结果　代谢物分别鉴定为 6 位羟基 ,6 位羰基及 5 位α及 β羟基取代的 ( - )SE ,还证实了体内 6 位羟基代谢物进一步形成了二相结合型产物。结论　基本阐明 ( - )SE在大鼠体内外代谢转化的途径     

LC-MS鉴定大鼠血浆山柰酚代谢产物

目的:采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定大鼠给药山柰酚单体后血浆中代谢产物。方法:取给药后大鼠的血浆样品经酶水解、酸水解后,进行色谱分离,采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪检测,大气压电喷雾离子源(EPI)负离子条件下进行扫描,鉴定大鼠给药山柰酚(30 mg.kg-1)单体后血浆中代谢产物的结构。结果:通过与山柰酚对照品谱图比较,结合质谱仪扫描结果分析,在大鼠给药山柰酚单体后血浆中鉴定出山柰酚(m/z286.0)代谢产物结构。结论:采用酶水解、酸水解的方法可快速、有效地鉴定出大鼠血浆中山柰酚代谢产物,为进行含山柰酚中药及其复方的药物代谢动力学研究奠定科学基础。     

兔血中叶枯灵的代谢产物的分离和鉴定

本文用 RP-HPLC 法从染毒兔血中分离出叶枯灵的两个代谢产物。用标准品核对色谱行为,再经质谱鉴定,证实保留时间 tr=8.07±0.15min,为苯甲酸 S-氧-N-1,3-二噻茂烷酰肼(Benzoicacid s-oxo-N-1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene hydrazide)。保留时间 tr=16.69±0.10min,为苯甲酸(benzoic acid)。     

静脉注射蟾毒它灵和华蟾毒它灵后大鼠胆汁中代谢产物的UPLC-UV-MS法分析

建立了超高效液相色谱-紫外分光光度-质谱(UPLC-UV-MS)法研究蟾毒它灵和华蟾毒它灵静脉给药后大鼠胆汁中的代谢产物.UPLC的高分辨率能够基线分离胆汁中的原药和代谢物,UV光谱图揭示了各种化合物量的关系,MS进一步对代谢物进行结构表征.结果显示,大鼠胆汁中原药的含量小于5%,主要代谢物是去乙酰基并羟基化蟾毒它灵和去乙酰基华蟾毒它灵.表明蟾毒它灵在大鼠体内代谢途径主要是水解并羟基化,华蟾毒它灵主要是水解反应.     

参附汤体内代谢化学成分的初步研究

为了确定口服参附汤后体内吸收成分的化学结构 ,分离并鉴定了参附汤的组成成分之一———黑附片的主要成分 ;通过大鼠整体实验方法研究了参附汤体内代谢情况。结果显示 :口服参附汤后 ,乌头类生物碱卡米查林 (carmichaeline ,Ⅰ )、塔拉胺 (talatisamine ,Ⅱ )、附子灵 (fuziline ,Ⅲ )以原形形式被吸收 ,人参皂苷经肠内细菌代谢后以代谢产物CompoundK形式吸收进入体内     

用固相萃取-核磁共振谱法研究大鼠尿中溴莫普林的代谢产物

为使核磁共振谱技术应用于药物代谢产物的研究,用固相萃取 核磁共振谱法对药物溴莫普林体内代谢产物进行了解析。用固相萃取法将大鼠尿液中的内源性物质与药物代谢产物分离后,经梯度洗脱和¹H核磁共振谱测定,建立了对药物代谢产物混合物图谱的解析方法。结果成功地鉴定出5种主要的代谢产物,代谢产物的类型与文献报道相同。提示本测定方法有省时、省力的优点,并避免分离、提纯代谢产物时引起结构改变。     

盐酸三环哌酯在大鼠体内外的代谢

用大鼠原位灌流肝脏、整体实验和大鼠肝脏微粒体酶制备对盐酸三环哌酯(TCPN)的代谢转化进行了研究。结果经大鼠原位肝脏灌流后,灌流液经提取和HPLC分离制备,得到两个代谢产物。经MS,NMR,IR和UV鉴定,证明产物I是TCPN氮上脱甲基的产物,产物I是TCPN苯环羟化的产物。从大鼠igTCPN后的尿中及在TCPN和肝脏微粒体的温孵液中均得到产物I和产物II,提示TCPN的代谢转化主要由大鼠肝脏微粒体酶催化。以[³H]QNB为配体对TCPN及其代谢产物的受体结合活性进行了研究,结果表明产物I和产物I与M受体的亲和力分别是TCPN的1/20和1/50。     

含硫杀菌药叶枯灵代谢产物的合成

This paper reports the synthesis of the metabolites．1,3-dfthiolan-2-ylidenehydrazine(I)，acetic acid 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenehydrazide(II)，pyruvic acid 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenehydrazone(III)and benzoic acid l，3-dithiolan-2-ylidenehydrazide-S-oxide(IV)of yekuling，a new sulfurorganic fungicide(benzoic acid 1，3-dithiolan-2-ylidenehydrazide)．The structures of all the compounds synthesized were characterized by elemental analysis，IR，UV，MS and ¹HNMR spectra．     

大鼠尿中2-苯甲酰肼叉-1,3-二噻茂烷及其代谢产物定量研究

本文建立了线性梯度洗脱,两波长切换检测和两内标法测定染毒大鼠尿中2苯甲酰肼叉-1.3二噻茂烷(BADYH)及其代谢产物的反相高效液相色谱方法.研究了大鼠ig不同剂量BADYH后,经尿排泄的DADYH及其代谢产物累积量-时间过程.结果表明,BADYH及其代谢产物累积排泄量占染毒总量的39.7％。其中主要代谢产物丙酮缩肝叉1.3二噻茂烷,占23.6％;肼叉1.2二噻茂炼占14.0％     

2-苯甲酰肼叉-1,3-二噻茂烷在大鼠原位灌流肝中的代谢动力学

采用反相高压液相色谱的三内标三波长切换技术对不同剂量的农药2-苯甲酰肼叉-1.3二噻茂烷在大鼠原位灌流肝中的代谢动力学进行了研究.结果表明,该农药经门静脉进入大鼠原位灌流肝后,很快分布于肝脏中,而在灌流肝中的消除过程较缓慢。随着给药剂量的增加,大鼠肝灌流液中各种代谢产物的生成量也逐渐增加,尤以肼叉1.3-二噻茂烷和苯甲酸生成量的增加更为显著.可见,该农药在大鼠原位灌流肝中的主要代谢途径为水解作用。     

Some Metabolites of S-Pentyl-L-cysteine in the Rabbit and Other Species

Abstract

1. The metabolism of S-pentyl-L-cysteine has been investigated in the guinea pig, hamster, mouse, rabbit and rat and in vitro by liver slices of these animals and of the pigeon and by kidney slices of mouse, rabbit and rat.

2. The amounts of pentylmercapturic acid, 3-(pentylthio)lactic acid and 3-(pentylthio)pyruvic acid excreted have been measured.

3. All the species examined excreted pentylmercapturic acid, the amount varying from 2% of the dose by the guinea pig to 73% by the hamster. 3-(Pentylthio)pyruvic and 3-(pentylthio)lactic acids were not detected in the urine of the hamster or rat but were excreted by the other species in amounts approximately the same as those of pentylmercapturic acid.

4. ‘Hydroxypentylmercapturic’ acids were excreted by mouse, rabbit and rat and were identified in the case of the rabbit and rat.

5. 4-Carboxybutylmercapturic acid was identified in the urine of dosed mice, rabbits and rats. A further metabolite in rat urine was tentatively identified as 3-(4-carboxybutylthio)lactic acid.

6. Pentylmercapturic acid sulphoxide was detected in the urine of dosed guinea pigs and mice.

7. All tissue preparations examined converted pentyl-L-cysteine to pentylmercapturic acid. 3-(Pentylthio)lactic acid and 3-(pentylthio)pyruvic acid were formed by all tissues examined although only in trace amounts by hamster liver and rat kidney slices. All tissues examined formed hydroxymercapturic acids' although only traces were detected in digests containing hamster liver slices. 4-Carboxybutylmercapturic acid was formed in rabbit liver digests. With rabbit kidney a metabolite thought to be 3-(4-carboxybutylthio)lactic acid was produced.     

Metabolism of 7-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dimethylxanthine by rat liver microsomes. Diastereoselective metabolism of the 1,3-dithiolane ring.

The metabolic transformation of the antibronchospastic compound ABC-99 [7-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dimethylxanthine] was studied in vitro with a rat liver microsomal preparation containing an NADPH-generating system. Thirty percent of the ABC-99 was metabolized and the only metabolic pathway observed as the oxidation of the 1,3-dithiolane ring. Two distinct sulfoxides were formed diastereoselectively, the trans isomer being the major product in the ratio 7:3. In contrast to the 1,3-dioxolane ring of doxophylline, the 1,3-dithiolane ring of ABC-99 did not undergo oxidative opening through acetal carbon oxidation. Furthermore no N-dealkylation to theophylline was observed. This high regioselectivity in in vitro metabolism was most likely due to the nucleophilicity of the sulfur atom. The diastereoselective sulfoxidation was apparently catalyzed by flavin-dependent monooxygenases, as no effect was observed with CO treatment, whereas selective thermal inactivation significantly reduced the rate of sulfoxidation.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 5-aroyl-(heteroyl)methylene-2-imino-1,3-diphenyltetrahydroimidazol-4-ones

The interaction of methyl esters of aroyl(heteroyl)pyruvic acids and 1,3-diphenylguanidine in acetic acid for 30 min led to the formation of 5-aroyl(heteroyl)methylene-2-imino-1,3-diphenyltetrahydroimidazol-4-ones. Yields ranged from 51 to 72%. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Results obtained from studies of the antimicrobial activity of the compounds synthesized here are presented. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 24–25, January, 2008.     

Effect of 4-(4′-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate (KCD-232) on triglyceride and fatty acid metabolism in rats

The effects of KCD-232, a new hypolipidemic agent with a structure of 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy) benzyl nicotinate, on triglyceride (TG) and fatty acid (FA) metabolism were studied in rats. KCD-232 dose-dependently reduced both liver and serum TG levels. From in vivo and in vitro studies, the hypotriglyceridemic action of KCD-232 was shown to be based on the inhibition of hepatic TG synthesis due to both decreased FA synthesis and increased FA oxidation in the liver. Of two metabolites of KCD-232, i.e. 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzoic acid (MII) and nicotinic acid, MII was found to be responsible for the decreased synthesis and increased oxidation of FA in the liver, the latter apparently being due to increased mitochondrial oxidation activated by MII. MII was demonstrated to form a xenobiotic TG in which one fatty acid moiety was substituted by MII and to form a thioester with CoA by rat liver microsomes. This thioester, MII-CoA, inhibited fatty acid syntheses from [¹⁴C]acetate, [¹⁴C] acetyl-CoA and [¹⁴C]malonyl-CoA in cell-free enzyme systems from rat liver both with and without an NADPH-generating system, whereas MII as such showed no effect. MII-CoA was therefore considered to be a chemical entity for the inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis by KCD-232 and was suggested to inhibit fatty acid synthetase directly.     

Purification and molecular properties of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA) reductase from phenobarbital-treated rat liver.

1. A rat liver cytosol enzyme, tentatively named CBA reductase, catalyses the conversion of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA) to 2-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid in the presence of NADH (or NADPH). CBA reductase is useful for exploring the mechanism of in vitro enzyme induction, as the enzyme can be induced by phenobarbital (PB) both in vivo and in vitro. 2. Possible involvement of glutathione (GSH) in gene expression was suggested by a recent study with cultured rat hepatocytes. 3. CBA reductase was purified about 200-fold by a combination of column chromatography and isoelectric focusing in the presence of mercaptoethanol. 4. The ability to form 2-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid was lost when the enzyme was chromatographed on a hydroxylapatite column in the absence of mercaptoethanol; however, it was restored if sulphydryl compounds or bovine serum albumin was added to the eluate from the column. 5. Gel filtration showed the molecular sizes of CBA reductase from the 105,000g supernatant fraction of rat liver extracts and the purified preparation were 64 kDa and 49 kDa, respectively. 6. The results suggest that sulphydryl substances and some proteins play important roles in preserving the molecular and catalytic properties of CBA reductase.     

Pharmacological properties of MDL 19,301: A novel,nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory agent

Oral administration of MDL 19,301 (N-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-4-hexyl-benzenamine) inhibited rat paw edema induced by carrageenan (ED30 4.8 mg/kg) or an Arthus reaction (ED30 8.2 mg/kg p.o.). The oral dose which induced gastric ulceration in 50% of fasted rats (UD50) was greater than 1,000 mg/kg, demonstrating a more favorable therapeutic ratio than conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Its major metabolite ((MDL16,861, 4[1,3-dithiolan-2-yliden)amino]-benzeneacetic acid) was also a potent inhibitor of carrageenan paw edema (ED50 5.5 mg/kg p.o.), although it was more ulcerogenic (UD50 52 mg/kg p.o.). The anti-inflammatory activity of MDL 19,301, but not that of MDL 16,861, was attenuated by co-administration of an inhibitor of drug metabolism (SK&F525A 30 mg/kg i.p.). This suggests that MDL 19,301 is a prodrug of MDL 16,861 and this phenomenon would explain its lack of ulcerogenicity. Additional anti-inflammatory properties of MDL 19,301 included inhibition of carrageenan pleurisy, adjuvant arthritis, and acetic-acid-induced writhing. Other pharmacological data indicate that MDL 19,301 administration results in inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; inhibition of arachidonic-acid-induced, but not prostaglandin-E₂-induced, diarrhea in mice; and inhibition of ex vivo arachidonic-acid-induced, but not adenosine-diphosphate-induced, rat platelet aggregation. MDL 19,301 and MDL 16,861 were unexpectedly weak antipyretic agents in rats. In summary, MDL 19,301 is an anti-inflammatory, analgesic prodrug which, unlike conventional agents, is devoid of ulcerogenic activity at therapeutic doses.