改良型Bionator矫治反He的头影测量研究

目的：研究改良型Bionator矫治器矫治早期反He颅颌面的改变。方法：采用改良型Bionator矫治器矫治乳牙期及替牙期前牙反He88例，对治疗前后的头颅侧位片头影测量分析研究。结果：矫治后上颌长度及突度增大，上切牙唇倾；下颌髁突后退至正常位，上下颌基骨关系明显改善，乳牙反He改变最明显，矫治后呈I类骨面型。替牙期反He矫治后仍遗留肌骼异常，面型仍属Ⅲ类，琥发牙舌倾及颏角变小更趋严重；下面高及后面高增加。结论：改良型Bionator矫治反He，能有效促进上颌生长抑制下颌生长，使颅颌面的生长方向趋向正常。     

改良型BIONATOR矫治反(牙合)颅颌面长宽高结构改变的研究

目的研究改良型BIONATOR矫治早期反(牙合)颅颌面结构的改变情况.方法采用改良型BIONATOR矫治乳牙期及替牙期前牙反(牙合)32人,对治疗前后的牙(牙合)模型,薛氏位关节片、头颅侧位片进行测量分析.结果治疗前后上下颌牙弓宽度无明显改变,上颌长度及突度增大,上切牙唇倾.下颌髁突后退至正常位,上下颌基骨关系明显改善,乳牙反(牙合)矫治后呈Ⅰ类骨面型,替牙期反(牙合)矫治后仍遗留一些骨骼异常,骨面型仍属Ⅲ类.结论改良型BIONATOR矫治反(牙合)能有效促进上颌生长,抑制下颌生长,使颅颌面的生长方向趋于正常.     

改良型BIONATOR矫治反He颅颌面长宽高结构改变的研究

目的研究改良型BIONATOR矫治早期反He颅颌面结构的改变情况。方法采用改良型BIONATOR矫治乳牙期及替牙期前牙反He32人，对治疗前后的牙He模型，薛氏位关节片、头颅侧位片进行测量分析。结果治疗前后上下颌牙弓宽度无明显改变，上颌长度及突度增大，上切牙唇倾。下颌髁突后退至正常位，上下颌基骨关系明显改善，乳牙反He矫治后呈Ⅰ类骨面型，替牙期反He矫治后仍遗留一些骨骼异常，骨面型仍属Ⅲ类。结论改良型BIONATOR矫治反He能有效促进上颌生长，抑制下颌生长，使颅颌面的生长方向趋于正常。     

FR3矫治乳牙期,替牙期前牙反He的头影测量对比研究

目的 为观察ＦＲ３矫治前牙反Ｈｅ的效果，尤其是矫治疗后颅面形态的改变。方法 采用ＦＲ３对１７例乳牙期和１０例替牙期前牙反Ｈｅ患者进行矫治，通过头影响测量分析其矫治前后的变化及矫治后与正常值的差异。结果 ＦＲ３能促进上颌生长发育，唇倾上切牙；使下颌后退，有效地改善异常的Ｈｅ间关系，乳牙期反Ｈｅ矫治后，除下切牙舌倾、颏角尖锐外、基本恢复Ⅰ类骨面型，矫治效果好。替牙期反Ｈｅ由于骨骼异常较严重，因而矫治后     

FR3矫治乳牙期、替牙期前牙反的头影测量对比研究

目的为观察FR3矫治前牙反的效果，尤其是矫治疗后颅面形态的改变。方法采用FR3对17例乳牙期和10例替牙期前牙反患者进行矫治，通过头影测量分析其矫治前后的变化及矫治后与正常值的差异。结果FR3能促进上颌生长发育，唇倾上切牙；使下颌后退，有效地改善异常的间关系，乳牙期反矫治后，除下切牙舌倾、颏角尖锐外，基本恢复Ⅰ类骨面型，矫治效果好。替牙期反由于骨骼异常较严重，因而矫治后虽面型得到很大改善，但仍然遗留部分Ⅲ类骨面型。结论用FR3矫治前牙反宜早不宜迟。     

2×4技术配合Ⅲ类牵引矫治替牙期轻度骨性反（牙合）

目的探讨上颌"2×4"技术和下颌（牙合）垫附拉钩施行Ⅲ类颌间牵引矫治替牙期轻度骨性反（牙合）的临床疗效.方法选择12例替牙期轻度骨性反（牙合）病例,上颌用"2×4"技术,下颌用带有拉钩的（牙合）垫式矫治器,配合Ⅲ类颌间牵引.术前术后均拍摄X线头颅侧位定位片进行分析和比较.结果 12例替牙期轻度骨性反（牙合）均取得了满意的矫治效果.典型病例直观展示了矫治前后的形态改变.术前术后X线头影测量指标显示有显著性差异.结论 2×4技术配合（牙合）垫式矫治器实施Ⅲ类牵引为替牙期轻度骨性反（牙合）的矫治提供了一种简便实用的临床方法.     

改良矫治器矫治儿童前牙反(牙合)25例

目的 观察替牙期及乳牙期前牙反(牙合)矫治的效果.方法 通过改良的活动矫治器对25例替牙期乳牙期前牙反(牙合)进行矫治.结果 前牙反(牙合)解除快速有效,并使上下颌骨生长向正常方向转化.结论 3～5岁为乳牙反(牙合)矫治的合适年龄;改良式导弓可促使上下颌骨正常生长,而且解除反(牙合)方法简便,疗程短.     

2×4技术配合Ⅲ类牵引矫治替牙期轻度骨性反

目的　探讨上颌“2× 4”技术和下颌牙合垫附拉钩施行Ⅲ类颌间牵引矫治替牙期轻度骨性反牙合的临床疗效。方法　选择 12例替牙期轻度骨性反牙合病例 ,上颌用“2× 4”技术 ,下颌用带有拉钩的牙合垫式矫治器 ,配合Ⅲ类颌间牵引。术前术后均拍摄X线头颅侧位定位片进行分析和比较。结果　 12例替牙期轻度骨性反牙合均取得了满意的矫治效果。典型病例直观展示了矫治前后的形态改变。术前术后X线头影测量指标显示有显著性差异。结论　 2× 4技术配合牙合垫式矫治器实施Ⅲ类牵引为替牙期轻度骨性反牙合的矫治提供了一种简便实用的临床方法。     

改良式下颌唇挡矫治替牙期安氏Ⅱ^1s错[牙合]的临床应用

目的评价改良式下颌唇挡矫治替牙期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]的疗效。方法选取符合纳入标准的6名替牙期安氏Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]患者,行改良式下颌唇挡结合上颌活动矫治器联合治疗,对治疗前、后x线头颅侧位片进行测量分析比较。结果治疗后磨牙中性关系,前牙覆盖覆[牙合]关系正常,面型改善,侧貌协调。结论改良式下颌唇挡可作用于双颌,破除不良唇习惯,协调上下颌功能,提高了正畸疗效。     

功能矫治器FR-Ⅲ与上颌(牙合)垫矫治器联合应用治疗替牙期前牙反(牙合)的临床效果

目的观察功能矫治器FR-Ⅲ与上颌(牙合)垫矫治器联合应用治疗替牙期前牙反(牙合)的效果.方法选择替牙期前牙反(牙合)患者24例,白天戴用上颌(牙合)垫矫治器,晚上戴用FR-Ⅲ矫治器,治疗前后拍摄头颅侧位片进行头影测量分析.结果24例患者均在1个月左右前牙呈对刃关系,5个月后中性(牙合)关系完全建立,面型获得较大改善.结论FR-Ⅲ矫治器与上颌(牙合)垫矫治器联合应用,既能快速解除前牙反(牙合),诱导后牙建立正常咬合关系,又能促进上颌骨发育,抑制下颌向前生长.     

成年人上前牙缺失伴前牙反矫治后修复的临床意义

目的　探讨用固定矫治的方法矫正成年人上前牙缺失伴前牙反牙合后再修复缺失牙的效果和临床价值。方法　 2 0例患者均用固定矫治的方法解除前牙反牙合后再行固定义齿或种植义齿修复缺失的前牙。结果　2 0例矫治后均取得正常的咬合关系和正常的失牙修复 ,平均追踪 2年 ,未见反牙合复发和修复牙的异常。结论　用固定矫治方法解除成年人前牙缺失后的反牙合再行义齿修复 ,保证了失牙修复功能和美观效果 ,是保证缺牙区良好咬合关系的有效方法     

The biomechanical relationship between incisor and condylar guidances in deep bite and normal cases

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical relationship between the condylar and anterior guidances in deep bite malocclusion and control groups. The subjects consisted of 18 deep bite patients and 14 normal occlusions. A four-bar mechanism was described on the lateral cephalogram films and a computer program, for which the lengths of the links measured on the films were the inputs, was developed. The computer program was used to calculate the angles of rotation of the mandible and the condyle during contact of the mandibular anterior teeth with the lingual surface of the maxillary anterior teeth as the mandible moves forward. Comparison of the mean values of the angles of rotation of the mandible and condyle in the two groups has shown that the change in the angle of rotation of the condyle is statistically significant (P < 0.05). The angles of rotation of condyle in deep bite group were found larger than the angles of normal group. Correlation between the angles of rotation of the condyle and mandible has shown that they were significantly related. The cause of temporomandibular disorders may be attributed to the large angle of rotation of the condyle in deep incisal overbite.     

Orthopedic approach in the treatment of a skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion with an anterior open bite

The patient presented with a skeletal class II malocclusion characterized by an anterior open bite and maxillary midline deviation. This mixed dentition case was treated orthopedically with MRI appliance to rotate and impact the maxilla. A Bionator was used advance the mandible. The case was completed using Occlus-O-Guide. The result showed that the facial bones and teeth appear in the correct position.     

Bite force and dentofacial morphology in men with severe dental attrition

Patients with severely worn dentition were interviewed and clinically examined, and only those were included who had no or minimal subjective symptoms or clinical signs of craniomandibular disorder. During a 14-month screening period, only 7 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria; all were men. Maximal bite force was measured in the molar regions and in the incisal region. Facial morphology was evaluated from lateral cephalometric radiographs, and the form of dental arches from dental casts. Average maximal bite force in the molar region was 911 N and in the incisal region 569 N. The most characteristic findings concerning bite force were the high force levels in the incisal region and an incisal/molar bite-force ratio of 63%. The facial morphology of the patients was rectangular, with an anteriorly rotated mandible, small anterior face height, and great interincisal angle. Moreover, the form of the maxillary dental arch was more rectangular than normal. The high bite forces of these patients, especially in the incisal area, can probably be explained by strong masticatory muscles and mechanically favorable skull morphology, which in its turn has been influenced by the surrounding muscles.     

Comparative Measurement of Mesiodistal Width of Six Anterior Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth in Rajasthan Population

The purpose of the study was to determine the mesiodistal width of six anterior teeth for better esthetics and good tooth arrangement in a cross section of Rajasthan population. The mesiodistal dimension of central, lateral incisor and canine on right and left sides was measured in 250 males and 250 females, these readings were used to determine the mean, minimum and maximum maxillary/mandibular teeth ‘anterior ratio’, difference in mesiodistal width, combined mean mesiodistal width, the number and percent of similar teeth of maxilla and mandible. It was observed from the present study that there is variation in mesiodistal width in right and left sides signifying that the anterior teeth are not mirror images of one another. Male subjects have greater mesiodistal width than female subjects and right side dominates in most of the readings indicating that mesiodistal width is greater on right side than on left side. Percentage variability and sexual dimorphism are also important findings of this study. This study can prove helpful in replacement of artificial teeth of prosthesis in this cross section of population.     

磨牙前倾弯治疗前牙开(牙合)畸形的临床效果评价

目的 开拾畸形在临床治疗上难度较大，治疗方法较单一、局限、疗程长、矫治效果不确定，本文目的在于了解应用前倾弯矫治前牙开He时的矫治效果。方法 对5例前牙开He的患者应用前倾弯进行矫治，通过分析矫治前后X线头颅定位侧住片，评价前倾弯在矫治前牙开He畸形的效果。结果 发现矫治过程中，第一磨牙明显近中倾斜；矫治前后全面高、前后面高有显著性变化；上颌切牙至腭平面、下颌切牙至下颌平面的垂直距离明显增加；下颌第一磨牙至下颌平面的角度明显变大，说明在矫治后上下切牙伸长并向舌侧移动。结论 前倾弯治疗开He主要是通过前牙的伸长和舌侧移动来达到建立覆He的目的，而后牙不仅不能直立，而且会更加近中倾斜，从而使He平面不能改变，而使开He的矫治效果不稳定。     

恒牙初期前牙开畸形形态特征的初步研究

借助Ｘ线头影测量手段，分析了１８例恒牙初期前牙开患者的形态特征。结果表明，恒牙初期前牙开患者的前下面高、矢状角、矢状比与正常相比均显著性增加，上、下颌的后边长与正常相比均显著性减小，但上、下颌基骨的长度未见显著性差异。     

两种矫治器治疗乳牙反(牙合)的临床疗效比较

目的 探讨一种早期矫治乳牙反牙合的良好治疗途径。方法 选取100例上颌正常或稍后缩伴下颌正常或轻度前突的3-5岁乳前牙反牙合患儿,将其随机分为2组,分别采用改良式导弓和上颌牙合垫式活动矫治器进行矫治。结果 2组病例均在10天-2个半月内完成矫治过程。结论 ①3-5岁为乳牙反牙合矫治的合适年龄;②改良式导弓同时具备机械及肌能矫治的双重作用,可同时改善上下颌骨的位置关系,适用于下前牙有散在间隙的乳前牙反牙合患儿,使凹陷的面中部变得饱满,明显改善了面部的美观;③上颌牙合垫式活动矫治器只具备机械矫治效能,仅作用于上颌,适用于下颌前突不明显的乳前牙反牙合患儿,对面部美观的整体改善较小。     

Segmental alveolar distraction for the correction of unilateral open-bite caused by multiple ankylosed teeth: A case report

Abstract

Ankylosed teeth fail to erupt to meet their counterparts in the opposite jaw. In cases where ankylosis occurs in multiple teeth, the occlusion shows an open bite. This article describes a case of unilateral open bite caused by multiple ankylosed teeth, where treatment involved segmental alveolar bone distraction. A 25-year-old female patient presented with a left-sided unilateral open bite. On the left-hand side, only the lower incisors were not ankylosed. On the right, the maxillary first molar was ankylosed. All these ankylosed teeth were positioned below the occlusal plane. Her mother and brother also had multiple ankylosed teeth, and a familial cause was considered. Orthodontic tooth movement was considered impossible and segmental osteotomy on the left maxillary alveolar bone and downward bone distraction were performed as an alternative. A distractor consisting of orthodontic bands, wires and screws was devised and worn in the left mandibular dentition. Multi-bracket orthodontic appliances were also used for distraction. The amount of vertical movement was 7 mm at the premolar region. Five months after distraction, the multibracket appliance was removed, and fixed and removable retainers were placed. Eight months after distraction, prosthodontic restorations on the occlusal surfaces of the ankylosed teeth were made to obtain the final occlusion. The unilateral open bite was successfully treated and a good occlusion was obtained. The occlusion has shown good long-term stability for more than 3 years.     

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??Objective    To evaluate the non-reduction treatment results and clinical treatment method for Angel' s Class ?? deep overbite malocclusion cases by the application of microscrews anchorage and fixed bite flat. Methods    The study comprised 41 patients from Orthodontic Department of Liwan District Hospital of Guangzhou??from the year 2009 to 2012. All the patients presented with maxillary protrusion or little mandible intrusion treated with Smart-clip straight wire appliance by non-extraction of premolars. Self-drilling microscrews were impanted in the bilateral huccal alveolar bone between the maxillary first molars and second molar before bonding straight wire appliance.Upper canines were ligated backward to the microscrews in the initial treatment. When the main arch was stable enough??the frontal teeth were retracted together with the microscrews anchorage and retracted teeth. The average treatment time was 19 months??and follow-up lasted 1 year after the treatment. The cephalometric films before and after the treatment were measured and compared. Results    Angel' s Class?? malocclusion in 41 patients were corrected effectively??except for 2 failure cases. Patients' facial profile had been improved greatly. After the treatment??SNA angle??U6-Y??U1-Y??overbite and overject decreased significantly in Class ?? division 1 malocclusion??and in the Class ?? division 2 malocclusion cases?? U1-Y U1-X and overbite decreased significantly??overject increased significantly??both differences had statistical significance ??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    Angel's Class ?? malocclusion can he treated effectively by microscrew anchorage and fixed bite flat??with no loss of molar anchorage. To the  maxillary protrusion or little mandible cases??non-reduction treatments is an effective method.