高龄股骨粗隆间骨折股骨近端髓内钉内固定和双极人工股骨头置换治疗的比较

目的前瞻性比较股骨近端髓内钉内固定（PFN组）和骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换（半髋置换组）治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法68例不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折（男36例，女32例；平均年龄78岁）分别接受PFN内固定和骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换。记录术中和术后与手术或内植物有关的并发症、失血量、输血例数、输血量、手术时间及每个患者的住院时间。并在最后一次随访时进行Harris评分。结果两组间在年龄、性别、及骨质疏松程度上即Singh指数无明显统计学差异。半髋置换组在手术时间、失血量及输血人数上明显多于PFN组（P〈0．01）。二者在负重时间上差异不明显。半髋置换组术后平均Harris评分为82分，和PFN组比较无统计学意义。半髋置换组中有2例在术后30d内发生脑血管意外死亡，1例发生了脑梗死，无脱位、假体松动、感染等发生。另有3例3年内死于与髋部置换无关的疾病。PFN组中，术后30d内无死亡发生。有2例3年内死亡。浅部组织感染1例；股骨颈螺钉穿出1例，无骨折不愈合及深静脉血栓形成。结论PFN内固定和骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折在功能恢复上基本相同，但后者在失血量及手术时间上高于PFN内固定。     

股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效及其相关问题。方法回顾性分析采用股骨近端髓内钉治疗的21例股骨粗隆间骨折患者的术后骨折愈合及并发症情况。结果所有病例均得到随访，随访时间平均为10个月，骨折全部愈合，功能恢复按黄公怡标准，优7例，良11例，可3例，优良率85．7％。结论PFN具有内固定牢固、应力分散、防旋转功能强、手术操作简单等优点，是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的理想方法之一。     

两种股骨近端髓内钉固定股骨粗隆间骨折比较

[目的]比较股骨近端仿生髓内钉（proximal femur bionic nail, PFBN）与股骨近端抗旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation, PFNA）固定老年股骨粗隆间骨折的近期疗效。[方法] 2020年10月—2021年6月，40例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者，随机分为两组，20例采用PFBN固定，20例采用PFNA固定。比较两组围手术期、随访与影像资料。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成手术，无严重并发症。两组术中出血量、切口愈合等级、住院时间的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。PFBN组下地时间显著早于PFNA组（P<0.05），但手术时间和术中透视次数显著大于PFNA组（P<0.05）。两组患者随访时间6～9个月，平均（7.3±1.1）个月，PFBN组完全负重活动时间显著早于PFNA组（P<0.05）。随时间推移，两组VAS评分均显著降低（P<0.05），而Harris评分及髋关节屈伸ROM和内-外旋ROM显著增加（P<0.05）。在术后1个月时，PFBN组的Harris评分显著优于PFNA组（P<...     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折分析

目的探讨应用人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法整理我科室2004年8月至2008年8月采用人工股骨头置换术治疗老年人不稳定性、粉碎性股骨粗隆间骨折36例的临床资料。结果36例患者均获随访12-48个月,术后髋关节按Harris评分,优22例,良8例,可6例,优良率83．33％。结论人工股骨头置换术是治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的一种有效方法。     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折

老年人常有骨质疏松症,髋部轻微外伤易导致股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折,骨骼质量差和骨折本身不稳定的原因也常使内固定治疗效果不佳,故常选择人工关节置换手术治疗此类骨折.本院近年来采用双极人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间粉碎性骨折,取得了较满意的疗效.现报告如下.     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折

目的观察长柄人工股骨头置换治疗老年骨质疏松病人粗隆间粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用长柄人工股骨头置换治疗股骨粗隆间骨折37例。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,平均随访14个月,X线片骨折复位满意,髋关节功能良好,无明显下沉松动,无假体松动、脱位,深静脉血栓形成等并发症,髋关节功能按Harris评分,优良率为91%。结论采用人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折创伤小,卧床时间短,可早期离床活动,减少并发症,有利于关节功能恢复,提高老年患者术后生活质量。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨应用股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNa）治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法 2008年5月至2010年9月,应用PFNA治疗25例老年股骨粗隆间骨折,其中男10例,女15例;年龄70～102岁,平均78岁：左侧11例,右侧14例。根据Evans分型,Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型9例,Ⅳ型6例,V型2例;均为闭合性骨折。手术均采用C型臂引导下对骨折端进行闭合复位,PFNA内固定。术后观察骨折愈合与功能恢复情况。结果所有病例均获得随访,随访时间9～22个月,平均14个月。骨折均全部骨性愈合,愈合时间3～4个月,平均3.5个月。无一例发生髋内翻畸形、螺旋刀片切割股骨头及断钉现象。按Harris髋关节功能评分标准,优14例,良8例,可3例,优良率为92%。结论 PFNA能治疗除股骨髓腔畸形、闭塞外的绝大多数股骨粗隆间骨折,PFNA操作简单,微创、失血少、内固定可靠,对合并有严重骨质疏松的患者,更具优势。     

高龄股骨粗隆间骨折股骨头置换与内固定的比较

[目的]探索高龄股骨粗隆间骨折股骨头置换和PFNA手术的疗效.[方法]选择股骨粗隆间骨折的高龄患者78例,其中42例应用PFNA治疗,36例应用股骨头置换,比较两组患者围手术期及随访情况.[结果]PFNA组出血量少于置换组(P＜0.05),术后下地时间和完全负重时间置换组明显早于PFNA组(P＜0.05).术后1、6周...     

股骨近端抗旋髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨应用股骨近端抗旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail anti-rotation，PFNA）治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法应用PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折22例。结果经3～12个月随访，平均9个月．骨折全部获得愈合。根据Harris髋关节评分，优14例，良7例，差1例．优良率95．5％。结论PFNA治疗股骨粗降间骨折具有创伤小、固定牢靠、防旋转、防切割等优点，是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折理想的内固定物，值得推广。     

PFNA治疗老年不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

目的 评价采用股骨近端抗螺旋髓内钉(PFNA)手术治疗老年不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效.方法 自2008年8月至2009年7月,共治疗老年不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折64例,均采用PFNA微创内固定.Hairs评分系统评价骨折复位质量.结果 所有病例术后随访6～18个月(平均12个月).术后X线片示骨折全部愈合.术后颈干角123.2°～132.8°,平均128°.Hairs评分:优34例,良24例,可3例,差3例.结论 采用PFNA治疗老年不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折疗效肯定,值得临床推广应用.     

Intramedullary Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures with the Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN)

Abstract Objective: Minimally invasive internal fixation of interand subtrochanteric fractures allowing early weight bearing. Restoration of shape and early return to function of the lower limb. Indications: All inter- and subtrochanteric fractures of AO type 31.A. Femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures; associated with proximal femoral fractures; in these instances, a longer nail is used. Contraindications: Marked ipsilateral coxofemoral osteoarthritis. Open physes. Surgical Technique: Reduction of fracture on fracture table. Stab incision. Unreamed intramedullary nailing. Insertion of femoral neck and antirotation screws over guide wires for dynamic fixation of femoral neck/head fragment ensuring stability in rotation. Possibility of dynamic or static locking at diaphyseal level. Results: Between January 1, 1996 and March 31, 1999, the described system was used in 231 patients (74.2% women, 25.8 men, average age 78.1 years). 2.1% intraoperative complications: three inadequate reductions, one antirotation screw implanted too deeply, one wrong placement of distal femoral drill hole. 9.5% postoperative complications related to surgery: three avulsions of implant, one femoral fracture, 14 hematomas or seromas, four deep infections. Followup after 12 months in 76.3% of patients: 63.4% personal postoperative assessment, 12.9% information supplied by family physician. Mortality: 17.5%. Impossible to reach: 6.2% of patients. Late complications in 6.2% of followed-up patients: nine migrating antirotation screws, two late infections. Bony consolidation in all patients, no nonunion. Merle dAubigné score: 34.2% excellent, 49.3% good, 13.7% satisfactory, 2.7% poor. The following is a reprint from Operat Orthop Traumatol 2003;15:20–37 and is the first in a new series of articles aimed at providing continuing education on operative techniques to the European trauma community. Operat Orthop Traumatol 2003;15:20–37DOI 10.1007/s00064-003-1060-0     

应用股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨转子周围骨折

目的 评价股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)治疗股骨转子周围骨折的临床疗效.方法 对96例股骨转子周围骨折的治疗作回顾性总结分析.所有病例均通过闭合复位完成手术,年龄40～91岁,平均66.5岁.骨折按AO分型,31-A1型31例、31-A2型42例、31-A3型23例.结果 本组病例手术时间为35～90 min,平均为50 min;术中失血量为50～200 ml,平均为80ml,术中术后均未输血.本组病例均进行了6～24个月的随访,平均8.5个月.本组病例骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间3.5个月,无髋内翻及头钉切割发生,无死亡病例.结论 对于股骨转子周围骨折,特别是不稳定型转子周围骨折,PFN具有微创操作,固定坚强,术后并发症少,系此类骨折内固定物的首选.     

防旋股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的介绍防旋股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA-R)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的方法。方法2005年12月~2006年12月间,采用Synethes公司生产的PFNA-R治疗股骨转子间骨折27例,男12例,女15例;年龄63~90岁(平均78.5岁)。按股骨近端骨折AO分型:A2型20例,A3型7例,按Evans-Jensen分型:ⅡA型14例,ⅡB型7例,Ⅲ型6例,均为闭合性骨折。结果手术时间35~70 min,平均50.4 min。术中出血量为100~350 ml,平均180 ml。术后随访3~12个月,平均7.1个月。骨折全部愈合,未出现切割现象,骨折愈合时间为11~17周,平均14.6周,无髋内翻。结论PFNA-R具有操作简单、创伤小、失血少、内固定可靠、防旋转、骨量丢失少等优点,是一种理想的治疗股骨转子间骨折的内固定材料。     

Comparison of Intra- and Extramedullary Implants in Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures

IntroductionComparison was made of the clinical and radiological results of the surgical treatments of proximal femoral nail (PFN), dynamic hip screw (DHS) or proximal femoral locking compression plate (PF-LCP) in patients with AO 31A2.2/2.3 unstable intertrochanteric femoral fracture(ITF).MethodsEvaluation was made of a total of 91 patients in respect of age, gender, time from fracture to surgery, operating time, amount of blood replacement, total hospitalisation, follow-up period, time to full weight-bearing, time to union, complications and Harris hip scores(HHS).ResultsA statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of perioperative operating time, blood replacement and hospitalisation period with the values of the PFN group seen to be superior to those of the other two groups (p < 0.001). No significant difference was determined beween the DHS and PFN groups in respect of time to union and in the long-term HHS, both groups were seen to be superior to the PF-LCP group (p < 0.001). Full weight-bearing was statistically significantly earlier in the PFN group (p < 0.001). The numbers of implant failures was statistically significantly higher in the PF-LCP group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe new generation intra-medullar nails are easy to apply and have more successful clinical results compared to extra-medullar implants in the treatment of A2 unstable ITF. Due to the high rates of implant failure, PF-LCP should not be preferred in these fractures.     

Calcar Preservation Arthroplasty for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femoral Fractures in Elderly

Background

The treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to present treatment strategies for unstable intertrochanteric fractures with hemiarthroplasty using standard uncemented collared femoral stems and at the same time preserving the fractured calcar fragment.

Methods

Fifty-four patients aged 75 years or older with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were included in this prospective cohort study. All patients were treated with calcar preserving hemiarthroplasty using cementless collored femoral stems. Fractured calcar fragment was stabilized either by compaction between the implant and femur or fixed with cable grip system. Follow-up evaluations were performed at least 24 months and later. Palmer and Parker mobility score and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score were assessed. We also analyzed radiographs of the operated hip at each follow-up visit.

Results

The patients were 15 males and 39 females with a mean age of 81.3 years (range, 75 to 93 years). The average operative time was 86.6 minutes. The mean transfused blood units were 1.2 units. The average duration of hospital stay was 5.3 days. The preoperative mean mobility score was 6.20. This score was found to be 4.96 on postoperative third day and 5.90 at 24 months postoperatively. The results of the statistical analysis revealed significant increase in the mobility scores at each follow-up after three days. Radiological interpretation revealed no loosening in the cable-grip systems, and no significant subsidence (> 5 mm) of prosthesis was observed.

Conclusions

Calcar preservation arthroplasty is a good option for elderly patients with severe osteoporosis, frail constitution and the patients who are at higher risk for second operation due to unstable intertrochanteric fractures.     

加长柄双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间不稳定骨折

目的总结应用加长柄人工股骨头置换技术治疗高龄股骨转子间不稳定骨折患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析海南省定安县人民医院创伤外科2006年8月至2012年2月,采用加长柄双极人工股骨头置换治疗70岁以上股骨转子间不稳定骨折31例,观察术后并发症、下地时间及髋关节功能等指标。结果本组31例术后无髋关节脱位,无深静脉血栓及褥疮等常见并发症,31例均获随访,平均随访11.3(5~24)个月,按Harris髋关节评分优良率达90.32%。结论加长柄双极人工股骨头置换术是有效治疗高龄股骨转子间不稳定骨折的方法之一,手术安全,术后恢复快,可早期负重,避免卧床并发症。     

螺旋刀片髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的比较专为骨质疏松设计的股骨近端螺旋刀片髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotion,PFNA）与目前临床常用的其他内固定系统在治疗老年股骨转子间骨折中的临床效果。方法2007年6月始采用PFNA治疗28例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,与同期我科采用不同内固定系统（动力髋螺钉、Gamma钉和股骨近端钉）治疗的相同疾病患者相比．分别从手术时间、手术并发症、骨折愈合时间及关节功能恢复情况进行分析。结果髋关节功能优良率73．3％。无感染、股骨颈螺钉切出、骨折断端塌陷吸收、主钉末端股骨干骨折等严重手术并发症;PFNA组手术时间、出血量优于其他内固定组。结论PFNA内固定治疗老年骨质疏松患者转子间骨折操作简单、固定牢固、初期疗效可靠、手术并发症发生率低,是一种理想的内固定方法。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的评价股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的方法和初步疗效。方法2006年1月至2007年10月,共对63例老年病人（男26例,女37例,平均76.3岁）采用闭合手法牵引复位,股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折,骨折采用Evans-Jensen分型,术后定期随访,根据Harris评分系统进行归档。结果63例老年病人,59例病人获得了6～29个月（平均12.6个月）的随访,手术时间35～80 min,平均54 min。术中出血量为100～300mL,平均140 mL。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间10～17周（平均13.2周）。按Harris评分进行评价,优28例,良23例,可6例,差2例,优良率86.4%。结论股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折,手术创伤小,并发症少,更加符合人体生物力学特征,是一种治疗老年股骨转子间骨折非常有效的方法。     

Proximal Femoral Plate,Intramedullary Nail Fixation Versus Hip Arthroplasty for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femoral Fracture in the Elderly: A Meta-analysis

IntroductionMultiple operative modalities are available for management of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures. This meta-analysis was conducted to find out if there is superiority of surgical fixation by proximal femoral plate or surgical fixation by intramedullary nail over hip arthroplasty for management of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly.MethodsA search for relevant studies that published from January 2000 to November 2018 through the electronic literature database of Cochrane library, Medline, Trip Database and Wiley online library.ResultsA total of 19 studies including 14 prospective RCTs, and five retrospective studies. This meta-analysis showed that nail group had shorter operative time than plate group (P < 0.0001), and less blood loss than the plate and arthroplasty groups (P < 0.0001), cut-out was higher in nail group than the plate group (P < 0.0001), mortality rate was higher in hip arthroplasty compared to other groups (P < 0.0001), Harris hip score within 6 months of the operation was higher in the arthroplasty group compared with the nail and plate groups, while within 1 year of the operation, nail group had higher Harris hip score than arthroplasty group (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggested that the intramedullary nail fixation method is a preferred method for management of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly over hip arthroplasty and proximal femoral plate fixation.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-021-00426-1.