50例胃肠道间质瘤临床病理及免疫组化观察

目的:观察胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor GIST)的临床病理及免疫组织化学特征并讨论其病理诊断标准.方法:对50例胃肠道间质瘤进行形态学观察分析,应用组织芯片技术作免疫组化(S-P法)检测CD117、SMA、NSE表达.结果:70%的GIST发生于胃和小肠,腹膜后及盆腔亦占一定比例.GIST可分别或同时表达SMA、NSE.良性15例,恶性20例,潜在恶性15例.结论:GIST具有一定的临床病理特征,胃肠道梭形细胞肿瘤或上皮样间叶源性肿瘤多系GIST,食管、腹膜后及盆腔梭形细胞肿瘤或上皮样间叶源性肿瘤应常规作免疫组化与GIST鉴别,其良恶性需综合分析、判断.     

胃肠道间质瘤72例临床病理及免疫组化分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床表现及免疫组化特点。方法对72例胃肠道间质瘤的病理特点进行分析并用免疫组织化学二步法对其CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100及NSE的抗体表达情况进行探讨。结果病变部位:胃43例(59.7%),小肠11例(15.3%),结肠14例(19.4%),食管4例(5.6%)。根据肿瘤大小及核分裂象将病例分为潜在恶性13例(18.1%),恶性28例(38.9%),良性31例(43.1%)。免疫组化结果:GIST CD117和CD34均呈高表达,阳性率分别为94.4%(68/72)和80.6%(58/72)。SMA、S-100均为局灶状阳性,阳性率分别为40.3%(29/72)和15.3%(11/72)。结论 GIST多发生于胃,肿瘤的大小、出血坏死、镜下形态及核分裂象是判断肿瘤良恶性的重要依据,CD117和CD34的阳性表达对诊断GIST及与胃肠道其他间叶性肿瘤的鉴别有重要意义。     

胃肠道间质瘤22例临床病理及免疫组化分析

目的:探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床表现及免疫组化特点。方法:对山西省人民医院2000年至2005年22例胃肠道间质瘤的病理特点进行分析并用免疫组织化学二步法对其CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100及NSE的抗体表达情况进行探讨。结果:发生于胃14例,十二指肠1例,空肠3例,结肠2例,直肠2例,根据肿瘤大小及核分裂象将病例分为良性(13例)、交界性(4例)、恶性(5例)。免疫组化结果:阳性率分别为CD117(90.9%)、CD34(72.7%)、SMA(27.3%)、S-100(18.2%)、NSE(13.6%)。结论:GIST多发生于胃,肿瘤的大小、出血坏死、镜下形态及核分裂象是判断肿瘤良恶性的重要依据,CD117和CD34的阳性表达是诊断GIST的必要指标。     

胃肠道间质瘤的病理诊断及免疫组化研究

目的 探讨胃GIST病理学特点及诊断标准。方法在光镜观察的基础上，应用免疫组织化学方法，检测Vimentin、CDh、action、S-100、NSE。结果大多数病例Vimentin、CDh标记阳性，少部分病例可表现灶性或个别细胞action、S-100、NSE阳性，本组研究按Lewin提出的标准判断GIST的良恶性，结果为良性27例，潜在恶性14例，恶性19例。结论GIST是胃肠道最常见的非上皮性肿瘤，缺乏定向分化。经初步观察，Lewin的诊断标准是可行的。根据其免疫组化特征可与平滑肌瘤、神经鞘瘤、神经纤维瘤鉴别。     

胃肠间质瘤25例临床病理分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的组织学特点以及免疫组化标记在诊断与鉴别诊断中的意义。方法对25例GIST进行光镜观察,用免疫组化方法检测CD117（c-kit）、CD34、SMA、S-100抗原标记物在肿瘤中的表达情况。探讨GIST的良恶性判断标准。结果 25例中良性15例,潜在恶性6例,恶性4例;GIST由梭形细胞、上皮样细胞构成;CD117和CD34在GIST的阳性率较高,分别为92%、80%,个别病例SMA和（或）S-100呈点灶状阳性。结论 CD117、CD34、SMA以及S-100有助于GIST的诊断,GIST的诊断与鉴别诊断需结合组织学特点和免疫组化结果综合判断。     

38例胃肠道间质瘤临床病理分析

目的：观察胃肠道间质瘤GISTs的病理学特点、免疫组化特征。方法：收集38例胃肠道间质瘤临床病理学资料，进行常规HE切片及免疫组化染色。结果：间质瘤是胃肠道间叶性肿瘤，38例中11例恶性，10例潜在恶性，17例良性，免疫表型特征为：Vimentin(100%)，CD34（71．05％）、SMA（60．52％）、Act(39.47%)、NSE（23．68）、S－100（28．95％）不表达CK、EMA、LCA。结论：GISTs是胃肠道最常见非上皮性肿瘤、肿瘤的大小，核分裂相是关系到肿瘤良、恶性和患者预后、生存的最重要因素，免疫组化证实肿瘤可向神经、平滑肌分化。     

39例胃肠道间质瘤的病理诊断与临床分析

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理、免疫组化特点及危险度参考指标,分析其在临床预后评估中的价值.方法 观察39例GIST的病理形态特征,完成肿瘤性质初步判定,采用免疫组化方法检测分析CD117、CD34、SMA及S-100的表达水平,最终确定GIST的临床病理诊断性质特征,组织来源以及良恶性.结果 免疫组化染色显示CD117呈弥漫强阳性,CD34多呈弥漫强阳性,SMA及S-100偶呈局灶或散在阳性,阳性率分别为100%,81%,20%和16%.确诊该组39例GIST,其中可能良性5例,潜在恶性10例,恶性24例.结论 免疫组化测定是GIST的病理诊断的重要依据,CD117是诊断GIST的敏感而特异性的标记物.肿瘤病理判定与患者预后密切相关.     

消化道间质瘤的临床病理分析及免疫组织化学观察

目的　探讨消化道间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理、免疫组织化学特点与肿瘤恶性程度及治疗预后的关系。　方法　用免疫组织化学(SP法)检测33例原发性GIST患者的间质瘤细胞c kit蛋白(CD117)、CD3 4 、波形蛋白、结蛋白、S 10 0、Syn、NSE、αSMA、ACT、FN、GFAP表达。　结果　33例GIST中,良性者8例,交界性7例,恶性共18例。位于小肠者均为交界性及恶性,其恶性度与其它部位的肿瘤相比差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 )。所有病例CD117、波形蛋白均阳性,2例CD3 4 阳性;而结蛋白、FN、GFAP均阴性。2 2例a SMA、ACT阳性,16例S 10 0阳性,其中3例Syn、NSE阳性。交界性及恶性肿瘤出血坏死明显与良性者有差异显著性(P <0 .0 1)。随访19例,良性及交界者治疗效果较好,恶性者则差。　结论　GIST好发于中老年人。几乎所有GIST均表达CD117及波形蛋白,大部分表达CD3 4 。肿瘤的恶性程度及预后与其发生部位、大小、出血坏死、细胞异形性及核分裂活性密切相关。     

胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理研究

目的;研究胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的临床病理及免疫组化特点。方法：回顾性观察57例胃肠道间质瘤HE染色切片,并复习临床病理资料,采用vimentin、SMA、S-100、CD34四种单克隆抗体,对每例肿瘤组织进行了免疫组化染色。结果：57例胃肠道间质瘤中,发生于胃26例,小肠28例,结肠3例,其中良性28例,恶性26例,境界性3例;免疫组化标记,vimentin阳性率100%,CD34阳性率86%,SMA阳性率45.6%,S-100阳性率31.6%,除S-100蛋白外,vimentin、SMA、CD34在不同部位的GIST或良恶性GIST之间并无明显差异,正常胃肠肌层及对照组的CD34标记均为阴性。结论：胃肠道的梭形细胞肿瘤大多为间质瘤,免疫组化特征为CD34阳性,并可同时部分表达肌源性及神经源性标记物,而良、恶性的鉴别主要根据肿瘤的大小、生长方式及核分裂的多少而定。     

胃肠道间质瘤免疫表型及预后分析

目的:探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的免疫表型特征及其与侵袭危险性和预后的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测59例GIST(良性19例,恶性19例,交界性21例)组织CD117、CD34、Vimentin、Desmin、SMA、MSA、S-100、NSE和NF的表达.38例获随访12～72个月,按Fletcher等GIST生物学行为评价标准进行侵袭危险性评估,极低度(Ⅰ)2例,低度(Ⅱ)11例,中度(Ⅲ)11例,高度(Ⅳ)14例,分析生存率与侵袭危险性的关系.结果:59例GIST中,平滑肌源性22例,神经源性22例,神经和平滑肌双源性10例,狭义GIST 5例;4类GIST CD117、CD34、Vimentin阳性率、不同恶性程度GIST上述几种免疫表型阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).生存率随侵袭危险性增大而降低(P<0.05).结论:CD117、CD34有助于GIST的诊断.GIST侵袭危险性与预后有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.