浅谈护理人员的职业危害及防护措施

因为护士工作的特殊性,常暴露于多种职业性危害因素中,影响了医疗护理质量的提高,同时也严重损害护理人员的生活质量。本文通过分析护士在临床工作中面临的各种职业危害,提出相应的防护对策,降低职业危害在护士身上的发生率,有效做到自我防护。     

医院网络的雷击防护措施

随着计算机网络系统在医院的广泛应用，一年一度雷击已经构成明显网络的不安全因素之一，本文主要从雷击的分类，雷击危害，电击的防护措施，防雷技术进行了叙述。     

手术室护士工作中的危险因素及防护措施

我院手术室每年完成急症及择期手术4000多例,为院里赢得了社会效益和经济效益。但工作中我们体会到手术室护士工作繁重,节奏紧张,长时间处在密闭的特殊环境中,且不可避免地接触病人的血液、多种化学消毒剂、空气中残余的麻醉剂、噪声等对人体健康不利的因素,影响了护士的身心健康。如何正视手术室这些危险因素,切实加强职业防护管理,十分     

医疗锐器伤的危险因素及防护措施

目的分析医疗锐器伤发生的危险因素,并且针对危险因素制定切实可行的防护措施。方法对2011年上报的47例（64例次）医疗锐器伤登记表进行统计、分析,了解锐器伤的危险因素。结果2012年,通过对医疗锐器伤危险因素的干预,医疗锐器伤发生率由2011年的22.4%下降到11.9%,下降了46.8%。结论通过加强医疗锐器伤防护知识的培训,可以有效降低医疗锐器伤的发生。     

云南省临沧市人民医院医务人员职业暴露特征及防护措施

目的：总结我院医务人员职业暴露分布特征、暴露源与暴露形式及防护措施,以提高医务人员对职业暴露的认识,减少医务人员职业暴露的发生。方法回顾性分析2010年1月~2013年12月上报我院感染管理科的123份医务人员职业暴露登记表,对我院医务人员职业暴露情况进行总结分析。结果123人次职业暴露中,医生18人次,护士85人次,占所有医务人员的83.7%。手术室发生职业暴露51人次,占所有科室的41.5%。血源性及非血源性暴露分别为93及30人次。锐器伤89人次,占所有暴露形式72.4%,操作前、操作中及操作后发生率分别占18.7%、37.4%及44.0%,以操作后最为常见。接受4次以上职业防护教育医务人员发生职业暴露比例为13.8%,较其他人员明显降低。结论一线医务工作者职业暴露风险远高于其他工作人员,以血源性传播为主,锐器伤是职业暴露的最常见因素。多次接受职业防护教育,纠正不良工作习惯可减少职业暴露发生。     

浅谈消毒供应室职业危害的防护措施

本文分析了消毒供应室职业危害产生的原因,并从生物、化学和物理三个方面进行了危害分析,并相应的从这三个方面提出了防护措施.     

颞叶癫痫患者记忆损害的研究

颞叶癫痫 (ＴＬＥ)患者可出现多方面的记忆障碍 ,左右颞叶病变对记忆的影响也不同 ,现将近年来的研究分别介绍如下。1　空间记忆的损害鉴于以往对ＴＬＥ患者空间记忆研究中所测试内容有言语介入或者由于其内容对于受试者来讲抽象、不熟悉等情况 ,出现所得结果不一致 ,为此 ,Ｂａｘ ｅｎｄａｌｅ[1] 等对检查无脑部结构异常的 6 9例术前患者(右ＴＬＥ2 7例 ,左ＴＬＥ32例 )的空间记忆做了全面的测评。结果表明 :右ＴＬＥ组图案学习、复杂图形即时回忆与延迟回忆及图形保留百分比的得分显著低于左ＴＬＥ组 ;右ＴＬＥ组识别图形细节改变较左Ｔ…     

重症监护病房工作人员院内感染原因分析及防护措施

目的 减少和控制ICU工作人员院内感染的发生.方法 分析ICU工作人员院内感染的易感因素.结果 针对各种易感因素,制定合理有效的防护措施.结论 有效减少和控制ICU工作人员院内感染的发生,有利于提高医护质量,有利于工作人员的身心健康.     

重症监护病房工作人员院内感染原因分析及防护措施

目的减少和控制ICU工作人员院内感染的发生。方法分析ICU工作人员院内感染的易感因素。结果针对各种易感因素,制定合理有效的防护措施。结论有效减少和控制ICU工作人员院内感染的发生,有利于提高医护质量,有利于工作人员的身心健康。     

微波对白血病细胞影响的实验研究

本文采用微波辐射对20例急性白血病骨髓或外周血进行了体外处理。当微波辐射40℃60分钟时,ALL细胞死亡率为65.5±6.3%,(P<0.01),ANLL细胞死亡率为64.1±8.7%(P<0.01)。而正常人细胞死亡率仅为8.2±3.1%。从L-CFU结果中可见,微波辐射前后,L-CFU集落数分别为121.07±82.21/2×10~5和14.1±7.2/2×10~5(P<0.01),并且残存的集落多为分化较成熟的细胞。因此,我们认为微波对白血病细胞具有明显的选择性杀伤作用。     

从事医疗放射工作人员遗传损伤的研究

目的 了解温州地区医疗放射人员的细胞遗传学变化。方法 以外周血淋巴细胞培养法作微核检测。结果 放射组微核率为3.425‰,对照组微核率为1.06‰,两者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 医疗放射工作者存在一定程度 的遗传损伤。     

The statistics of natural hand movements

Humans constantly use their hands to interact with the environment and they engage spontaneously in a wide variety of manual activities during everyday life. In contrast, laboratory-based studies of hand function have used a limited range of predefined tasks. The natural movements made by the hand during everyday life have thus received little attention. Here, we developed a portable recording device that can be worn by subjects to track movements of their right hand as they go about their daily routine outside of a laboratory setting. We analyse the kinematic data using various statistical methods. Principal component analysis of the joint angular velocities showed that the first two components were highly conserved across subjects, explained 60% of the variance and were qualitatively similar to those reported in previous studies of reach-to-grasp movements. To examine the independence of the digits, we developed a measure based on the degree to which the movements of each digit could be linearly predicted from the movements of the other four digits. Our independence measure was highly correlated with results from previous studies of the hand, including the estimated size of the digit representations in primary motor cortex and other laboratory measures of digit individuation. Specifically, the thumb was found to be the most independent of the digits and the index finger was the most independent of the fingers. These results support and extend laboratory-based studies of the human hand.     

Clinical code set engineering for reusing EHR data for research: A review

IntroductionThe construction of reliable, reusable clinical code sets is essential when re-using Electronic Health Record (EHR) data for research. Yet code set definitions are rarely transparent and their sharing is almost non-existent. There is a lack of methodological standards for the management (construction, sharing, revision and reuse) of clinical code sets which needs to be addressed to ensure the reliability and credibility of studies which use code sets.ObjectiveTo review methodological literature on the management of sets of clinical codes used in research on clinical databases and to provide a list of best practice recommendations for future studies and software tools.MethodsWe performed an exhaustive search for methodological papers about clinical code set engineering for re-using EHR data in research. This was supplemented with papers identified by snowball sampling. In addition, a list of e-phenotyping systems was constructed by merging references from several systematic reviews on this topic, and the processes adopted by those systems for code set management was reviewed.ResultsThirty methodological papers were reviewed. Common approaches included: creating an initial list of synonyms for the condition of interest (n = 20); making use of the hierarchical nature of coding terminologies during searching (n = 23); reviewing sets with clinician input (n = 20); and reusing and updating an existing code set (n = 20). Several open source software tools (n = 3) were discovered.DiscussionThere is a need for software tools that enable users to easily and quickly create, revise, extend, review and share code sets and we provide a list of recommendations for their design and implementation.ConclusionResearch re-using EHR data could be improved through the further development, more widespread use and routine reporting of the methods by which clinical codes were selected.     

433MHz微波消融天线的设计与实验研究

目的针对915 MHz和2450 MHz微波在肝脏消融中穿透深度低及消融范围受限的问题,提出使用433 MHz微波用于恶性肝肿瘤的消融治疗,通过探索性研究和设计433 MHz频率的微波消融天线,探讨433 MHz微波消融系统对肝组织的消融效果。方法采用缝隙长度分别为18 mm、15 mm和15mm,缝隙间距为10 mm的尺寸设计天线。实时采集消融区域中4个不同旁开距离点的温度,并通过分析有效消融区域的横纵径数据,对所设计的微波天线进行有效评估。结果 433 MHz微波消融天线能形成类葫芦形的消融区域,不仅能有效扩大消融体积,而且能缩短最大横径形成的时间。结论 433 MHz微波消融天线有望应用于恶性肝肿瘤的微波热疗,为研究新频率段的适形微波消融方法提供重要参考。     

The histocompatibility and immunogenetics of hand transplantation

This short review will be concerned with the literature that has developed connected with the immunogenetic and tissue compatibility aspects of hand transplantation and will also draw on connected work in the more general area of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) which includes face, abdominal wall uterus and larynx.     

基于气动肌肉驱动的仿生手设计与研究

由于传统仿生手自由度较少、绳索传动方式力传递性不足,本研究设计了一种手指内部连杆结构的仿生手。采用SolidWorks2019对仿生手进行三维建模,分别针对手掌、拇指以及其余四指进行内部传动杆件设计,最后组装成一个完整的仿生手结构。使用Motion分析模块分别对手指的屈曲/伸展运动以及大拇指的内外运动进行运动学仿真以及联合运动仿真。结果表明,连杆结构仿生手结构合理,仿生手可以平稳的完成指定手部动作。     

Parosteal osteogenic sarcoma of the hand

Osteosarcomas of the tubular bones of the hands and feet are rare tumours and the initial biopsies are frequently misdiagnosed. We report a case of parosteal osteosarcoma arising in the metacarpal of a female patient aged 53 at first presentation. The tumour recurred three times over two decades and eventually metastasized to the lungs. The differential diagnosis includes florid reactive mesenchymal proliferation and bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations of the tubular bones of the hand.     

手掌部分解剖结构可视化的初步研究

目的：建立手的可视化模型。方法：采用新鲜成人手标本的冰冻薄层断面切片(0．2mm)，在PC机上对手部骨骼、指屈肌腱、掌部筋膜间隙以及手的外形进行三维重建。结果：初步建立了基于解剖结构的可视化手模型并精确显示手掌部主要解剖结构。结论：可视化手模型为手部某些疾病的诊断和治疗提供了三维的形态学资料，也为虚拟现实技术提供了数字模型。     

The gap effect for eye and hand movements in double-step pointing

The existence of a temporal gap between the offset of a fixation target and the onset of a peripheral target generally reduces the saccadic and manual reaction time in response to the peripheral target. Using a double-step paradigm, the present experiment investigated whether a temporal gap between the extinction of the first target and the presentation of the second target can help in reducing the time to trigger the corrective eye movements and to correct the arm trajectory towards the final target position. A gap was introduced between the presentation of the initial target and a new unexpected goal-target during the movement. The results replicated the gap effect for the corrective saccade to the second target, but revealed an opposite effect for the correction of the reaching movements as the arm correction occurred later in the Gap than in the No-Gap conditions. These results suggest that the information available for the arm motor system to correct the trajectory in relation to the second target was different in the Gap and No-Gap conditions. In the No-Gap condition, the correction of reaching movements would be based on retinal errors between the first and the second targets whereas, in the Gap condition, the correction would be based on information derived from the corrective saccade-related signals to the second target.     

New method to identify nociceptor units innervating glabrous skin of the human hand

Summary A new technique is described for detecting nociceptor activity in microelectrode recordings from cutaneous fascicles of the human median nerve. The search strategy involves combined intraneural microstimulation and microneurographic recording in intrafascicular sites, where a critically low electrical stimulus amplitude evokes a threshold sensation of pain. From the subject's projection of pain to a small area of skin, the experimenter is guided to receptive fields of recordable nociceptor units. This technique has allowed, for the first time, to identify and study receptive properties of very high threshold nociceptors with A and C fibres in the glabrous skin of the human hand.