急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成的诊断和治疗

目的探讨肠系膜静脉血栓形成(MVT)的诊断和治疗。方法总结11例肠系膜静脉血栓形成病人的诊治经验，结合文献分析MVT的发病机理、临床特点、诊断和治疗。结果11例病人均以急腹症或肠梗阻收住院，术前明确诊断者8例，其中发病24h内确诊者仅2例。全部患者行手术治疗，均治愈，随访无复发。结论提高对该病的认识是早期诊断的关键，及时手术行肠切除是治疗本病的有效方法，切除足够范围肠段及早期抗凝治疗是预防复发的根本措施。     

肠系膜静脉血栓形成13例临床分析

目的探讨肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(MesentericVenousThrombosis,MVT)的早期诊断及治疗,以减少并发症发生。方法对13例MVT病人的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法进行分析。结果全部手术治疗,术后均病理确诊为MVT。术前4例CT检查明确诊断,9例误诊。11例治愈,2例死亡。结论该病早期症状和体征无特异性,不易确诊,CT分辩率高,有早期诊断价值。一旦确诊,主张早期手术治疗,切除坏死肠段及栓塞肠系膜,术后抗凝治疗是降低病死率及预防复发的重要手段。     

肠系膜静脉血栓形成20例临床分析

目的　探讨肠系膜静脉血栓形成 (MVT)的诊断和治疗。方法　总结 2 0例MVT的临床经验 ,从病因、临床特点等方面进行分析。结果　 2 0例MVT治愈 12例 ,死亡 8例。全部病例均行手术治疗 ,有 8例行二次手术。结论　MVT诊断缺乏特异性 ,B型超声和CT是较敏感的检查方法。早期彻底切除坏死肠段 ,包括静脉阻塞的肠系膜部分 ,及术中、术后抗凝治疗是防止复发、降低病死率的重要措施。     

肠系膜静脉血栓形成 23例诊治分析

目的探讨肠系膜静脉血栓形成( MVT)的早期诊断及治疗方法.方法回顾性分析 23例 MVT患者的临床资料.结果 23例患者中男 17例,女 6例;平均年龄 42岁.有 20例为急性 MVT,症状包括腹痛腹胀、恶心呕吐、便血等.彩色多普勒超声的检出率 94.1%;腹部 CT的检出率 100%.非手术治疗包括抗凝、溶栓及对症等,治愈率 81.8% (9/11例 );手术治疗 12例,包括肠切除和 Fogarty导管经肠系膜切缘的静脉分支切除肠系膜静脉血栓;手术并发症 33.3% (4/12例 ),其中顽固性腹水 2例,进食后腹痛 2例.住院期间死亡 2例 (8.7% ).随访 2个月至 9年,复发 3例,系出院后自行停用抗凝药物;死亡 3例,死因分别为心肌梗死、肝癌和肝硬化.结论彩色多普勒超声和 CT扫描对 MVT的早期诊断有较高的诊断价值;抗凝治疗和手术是 MVT有效的治疗手段.     

肠系膜静脉血栓形成的诊断和手术时机探讨

目的 探讨肠系膜静脉血栓形成(MVT)的诊治及手术时机。方法 回顾性分析9例MVT的临床资料,总结其既往史、发病时间与治疗方式、手术与非手术病人的临床表现和抗凝溶栓治疗的效果。结果 MVT发病以腹痛为主,9例之中有7例病人既往有血液高凝状态的病史。早期确诊的4例病人应用抗凝溶栓治疗,有3例非手术治愈。其余5例在发病后20～144h因腹膜炎而手术探查时确诊。手术切除肠管30～320cm。由于术后没及时应用抗凝治疗,1例发生了肠坏死而再次手术。结论 早期诊断、早期抗凝溶栓治疗能避免肠坏死,一旦出现腹膜炎或肠绞窄体征是手术探查的指征。手术时要正确判断尚有生机的肠管和尽量取出门静脉和肠系膜上静脉主干内的血栓。手术后继续抗凝溶栓治疗是保证疗效的关键。     

肠系膜静脉血栓形成29例诊疗体会

目的 探讨肠系膜静脉血栓形成（MVT）的早期诊断及治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析自1986年1月至2006年1月29例MVT患者的临床资料。结果 MVT29例患者中有21例为急性症状包括腹痛腹胀、恶心呕吐、便血等。彩色多普勒超声的检出率81.0%;腹部CT/MR的检出率为100%。非手术治疗包括抗凝、溶栓及对症等,治愈率81.3%;手术治疗13例,包括肠切除和切除肠系膜静脉血栓,手术并发症23.1%（3/13例）,其中顽固性腹水2例,进食后腹痛1例。术后随访3个月至5年,复发6例,系出院后自行停用抗凝药物。结论 彩色多普勒超声和CT/MR扫描对MVT的早期诊断有较高的诊断价值;抗凝治疗和手术是MVT有效的治疗手段。     

急性肠系膜血管闭塞的诊治经验（附16例报告）

目的　探讨急性肠系膜血管闭塞 (AMVO)的早期诊断和治疗。方法　 8例急性肠系膜动脉栓塞 (MAE)确诊 5例 ,误诊 3例。保守治疗 1例 ,介入溶栓 1例 ,肠切除 4例 ,取栓后肠切除 1例 ;另 1例大部小肠严重缺血 ,经二次手术探查 ,避免了肠切除和短肠综合征。 8例急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成 (MVT)确诊 4例 ,疑诊 4例 ;保守治疗 2例 ,肠切除 2例 ,取栓后肠切除 4例。结果　 8例MAE治愈 5例 ,死亡 3例 ;8例MVT全部治愈。结论　对AMVO保持警惕 ,早期确诊是提高疗效的关键。     

急性原发性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成17例临床诊治分析

目的:探讨急性原发性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(APSMVT)的临床诊断与治疗。方法:回顾性分析我院1998年至2007年收治的17例APSMVT的临床资料。结果:17例病人(100%)均有持续性渐行加重的腹痛,常见伴随症状有恶心呕吐(82%)、消化道出血(53%)、肠梗阻(53%)、发热(59%)等。11例(65%)腹腔穿刺获血性腹水。17例均行超声检查,1例术前明确诊断;14例CT检查中2例增强扫描后得以确诊,12例平扫可见间接征象。16例行坏死肠段切除手术及抗凝治疗,其中3例首次剖腹探查未见异常,在症状未缓解或加重后再次手术发现肠坏死并行肠切除。2例病人行经皮肝穿刺肠系膜上静脉导管溶栓治疗,1例血栓复发者行肠系膜上动脉导管溶栓后治愈。3例术后因脓毒症死亡。结论:APSMVT术前诊断困难,对不明原因急性剧烈腹痛者应及时怀疑本症,早期发现、早期治疗方能提高本病的治愈效果。病程早期可采用介入溶栓疗法,后期出现肠坏死征象者应及时手术,并予以抗凝治疗。     

肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的临床分析

目的：探讨肠系膜上静脉血栓形成（MVT）的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾性分析13例MVT的临床资料。结果：13例均经手术证实，术前6例明确诊断，7例误诊，11例治愈，2例死亡。结论：MVT早期临床症状与体征不相符，诊断困难，B超和CT对其诊断价值较大。术中、术后抗凝治疗是防止复发，降低死亡率的关键。     

肠系膜上静脉血栓形成10例诊治分析

目的分析和探讨肠系膜上静脉血栓（MVT）形成的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾分析我院1999年至2007年收治的10例MVT患者。结果继发性MVT患者占发病的绝大多数（70％,7／10例）,早期症状不典型,主要为腹胀、腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、便血,误诊率60％（6／10）。9例手术患者均出现小肠坏死,切除坏死肠段和术后的抗凝是治疗关键。对比增强的CT是该病的首选检查方法。结论MVT是少见急腹症,容易导致诊治延误,对比增强CT是首选检查,有助于早期诊断。手术和抗凝是治疗成功的关键;早期在未出现腹膜炎之前可采用保守的溶栓治疗。     

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目的 探讨急性肠系膜血管闭塞(AMVO)的早期诊断及外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性总结1987年8月至2002年8月收治的24例AMVO，对其临床特征、外科诊断治疗方法及预后进行分析。结果 24例AMVO中肠系膜上动脉栓塞(MAE)9例(37.5％)，肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(MVT)13例(54．2％)，肠系膜上动脉血栓形成(MAT)2例(8．3％)。最常见的临床表现为腹痛(91.7％)。最可靠的诊断方法为肠系膜血管造影(100％)。9例MAE确诊7例。保守治疗3例，急诊手术6例。治愈5例，死亡4例。13例MVT确诊10例。保守治疗7例。介入治疗2例，手术4例。全部治愈。2例MAT均确诊，介入与手术治疗各1例，均治愈。结论 肠坏死发生前早期诊断、积极行介入治疗与剖腹探查为主的外科治疗是提高AMVO疗效的关键。     

急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成10例诊治体会

目的　探讨肠系膜静脉血栓形成的病因及诊治方法。方法　总结 1992年 7月～ 1999年 6月间收治的 10例急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成的诊治经验。结果　 10例中术前明确诊断 4例。 10例均行手术治疗 ,证实其中肠系膜上静脉血栓形成 9例 ,肠系膜下静脉血栓形成 1例。行肠切除术9例 ,单纯探查术 1例。治愈 6例 ,死亡 4例。结论　该病病因复杂 ,诊断困难 ,预后较差。只有提高认识 ,早期诊断 ,及时正确施治 ,方能提高疗效     

Mesenteric venous thrombosis: a changing clinical entity.

OBJECTIVE: Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) and its clinical spectrum have become better defined following improvements in diagnostic imaging. Historically, MVT has been described as a morbid clinical entity, but this may not necessarily be true. Often, an underlying disease process that predisposes a patient to MVT can be found and potentially treated. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostics and management of MVT and to review long-term results of treatment. PATIENTS: Thirty-one patients in whom MVT was diagnosed between 1985 and 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. Survivors were contacted for follow-up. There were 15 men and 16 women. Ages ranged from 22 to 80 years (mean, 49.1 years). Thirteen patients had documented hypercoagulability, 10 had a history of previous abdominal surgery, 6 had a prior thrombotic episode, and 4 had a history of cancer. MVT presented as abdominal pain (84%), diarrhea (42%), and nausea/vomiting (32%). Computed tomography (CT) was considered diagnostic in 18 (90%) of 20 patients who underwent the test. CT diagnosed MVT in 15 (100%) of 15 patients presenting with vague abdominal pain or diarrhea. Angiography demonstrated MVT in only five (55.5%) of nine patients. RESULTS: Seven of 31 patients died within 30 days (< 30-day mortality rate, 23%). Twenty-two patients (72%) were initially treated with heparin. Nine patients were not heparinized: four of them died, and two were later given warfarin sodium (Coumadin). Of the 31 patients, only one received lytic therapy. Three patients became symptom free without anticoagulation. Ten patients (32%) underwent bowel resection. Overall, 19 (79%) of 24 survivors were treated with long-term warfarin therapy. Long-term follow-up was obtained in 24 patients (mean, 57.7 months). Twenty-one (88%) of 24 survived in follow-up. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of MVT should be suspected when acute abdominal symptoms develop in patients with prior thrombotic episodes or a documented coagulopathy. CT scanning appears to be the primary diagnostic test of choice. Anticoagulation is recommended. If diagnosed and treated early, MVT is not likely to progress to gangrenous bowel. Recent mortality rates for MVT are lower than previously published, perhaps because of earlier diagnosis and aggressive treatment or possibly because we now readily diagnose a more benign form of the disease, which is due to widespread use of CT scanning.     

肠系膜血管疾病的诊断与治疗效果：附13例分析

目的：探讨肠系膜血管疾病的早期诊断及治疗方法。 方法：回顾性分析2002年1月—2010年10月收治的13例肠系膜血管疾病（MVD）患者的临床资料。13例患者中,肠系膜上动脉栓塞（MAE）7例,肠系膜静脉血栓形（MVT）6例。 结果：13例患者均以急性腹痛就诊,分别行Doplex血管超声、CT、CTA、MRI检查,其中Doplex血管超声早期发现病变10例。3例患者接受非手术治疗;10例出现腹膜炎体征的患者行手术治疗,包括静脉切开取栓、Fogarty导管取栓、坏死肠管切除,术后均行了抗凝治疗。13例患者均恢复良好,顺利出院。 结论：MVD易与其他急腹症混淆,其诊断有赖于对该病的高度临床警觉性与针对性检查,早期诊断与积极处理是成功治疗该病的关键。     

肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的诊断及治疗。方法 总结１２例ＭＶＴ的诊治经验,从病因,诊断和治疗等方面进行分析。结果：１２例均经手术病理证实,初诊多数表现为急腹症,症状和体征不相符,９例误诊,３例术前确诊,全部行手术治疗,８例治傅,４例死亡。结论该病少见,症状和体征无特异性,难以做出准确的诊断,Ｂ超和ＣＴ是较敏感的检查,对诊断有积极的作用。     

肠系膜静脉血栓的临床诊治体会

目的探讨肠系膜静脉血栓早期诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析总结自2000年7月至2007年5月收治的26例患者临床资料。结果最常见的病因为腹部手术后,最常见的临床症状为腹痛(24/26,92.3%);最可靠的诊断方法为肠系膜血管造影(100%)。26例保守治疗2例,介入治疗8例,手术治疗16例。结论对于可疑肠系膜静脉血栓形成的病人,应尽早行肠系膜血管造影,提高医生对肠系膜静脉血栓的认识和介入溶栓是提高肠系膜静脉血栓早期诊治行之有效的方法。     

急性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的诊治体会(附14例报告)

目的探讨急性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成(MVT)的诊疗方法。方法回顾性分析我们2000年1月~2005年12月收治的14例MVT的临床资料。本组行肠切除及Fogarty导管取栓术8例,行抗凝、溶栓治疗6例。结果本组治愈13例,死亡1例。结论超声、CT和MRV诊断价值较大。及早诊断,行抗凝、溶栓治疗可防止肠坏死的发生。对出现肠坏死、腹膜炎者,切除坏死肠管及系膜,同时积极抗凝治疗能降低死亡率和复发率。尿激酶联合巴曲酶治疗MVT是有效和安全的。     

Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis. Revisited in a time of diagnostic clarity

Historically, mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) has been found during laparotomy or at autopsy. Improvements in computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (U/S) may identify patients earlier in their clinical course. How has this altered the treatment strategy of the authors? This 10-year retrospective study of acute MVT consisted of 12 men and three women (average age 43). Presenting signs and symptoms were nonspecific in 10/15 patients resulting in multiple diagnostic tests. All CT scans (10) and angiograms (4) revealed mesenteric clot. U/S exams detected clot in 6/9 patients. The remaining five patients exhibited clinical signs requiring operations rather than diagnostic studies. The only consistent laboratory abnormality was an elevated white blood cell count in 12/15 patients. Management of MVT varied. Five patients, heparinized once the diagnosis was made, did not experience dysfunction from MVT. Ten patients were not initially treated with heparin and were divided into three groups. Three patients received neither heparin nor surgery and have had no sequelae. MVT contributed to the death of two patients. The remaining five patients were diagnosed in the operating room following bowel resection. Two of these patients received postoperative heparin and had a favorable outcome. Two of the three patients not heparinized after surgery suffered additional bowel infarction. MVT can present as nonspecific abdominal pain, but also as peritonitis requiring operation. CT and U/S can identify patients with early MVT. It appears that heparin has both a primary therapeutic role in early disease and a postoperative adjunctive role in advanced disease. With such care, these patients can expect an acceptable prognosis (86% survival).