药物洗脱支架治疗高危有症状颅内动脉狭窄的短期和中期结果

颅内动脉狭窄占所有缺血性卒中病因的8％～10％，抗栓药在其卒中复发或死亡方面的预防作用很有限，在重度狭窄或药物治疗失败的患者中，年缺血性事件复发率高达40％以上。尽管颅内动脉支架置入术已经显示出较好的安全性和疗效，但超过1／3的再狭窄发生率成为困扰研究人员的最大问题。药物洗脱支架已在预防经皮冠状动脉介入术后的再狭窄方面获得重大突破，并迅速成为冠状动脉介入治疗的首选支架。     

药物洗脱支架与裸支架介入治疗冠心病的对比研究

目的比较冠心病患者应用药物洗脱支架与应用裸支架的安全性和有效性。方法回顾我院2006—2011年行冠脉支架置入术患者的随访结果,比较应用药物洗脱支架与裸支架的再狭窄率。结果应用药物洗脱支架患者的再狭窄率为8％,应用裸支架患者的再狭窄率为25％,两者相比差异有统计学意义。结论药物洗脱支架较裸支架具有更低的支架内再狭窄发生率。     

脑血管支架置入术后再狭窄因素的研究进展

正脑血管支架置入术已成为动脉狭窄复发脑卒中的首选治疗方法之一[1-2]。然而,再狭窄是脑动脉狭窄支架置入术后的一个严重并发症,并且与相应脑动脉供血区域的脑卒中发病显著相关[3]。研究显示,重度脑血管狭窄患者即使规范应用抗血小板聚集等药物治疗,2年内同侧脑卒中累计复发率高达38.2%[4-5]。既往的临床研究发现,脑血管支架置入术后中位随访期再狭窄的概率为30%[6]。自膨式支架的再狭窄率更高[7-8]。因此,对支架置入术后再狭窄的机制研究     

应用药物洗脱支架治疗椎动脉Wingspan支架内再狭窄

目的探讨应用药物洗脱支架治疗Wingspan支架内再狭窄的可行性和安全性。方法采用Firebird药物洗脱支架对2例Wingspan支架置入术后椎动脉V4段局限性再狭窄（狭窄率〉70％）的患者进行治疗,其中1例为症状性患者,另1例为对侧椎动脉闭塞并且双侧后交通发育不良。将支架缓慢通过再狭窄处,在911．93～1013．25kPa压力下保持15S,释放支架。结果支架均顺利到位并释放,术后即刻造影显示均无明显残余狭窄。手术后患者均无不良反应,术前眩晕反复发作的患者临床症状消失。2例患者均经6个月以上的临床随访,无临床缺血事件发生。1例于支架再置入后6个月复查DSA,显示无明显再狭窄。结论应用药物洗脱支架对Wingspan支架置入术后再狭窄进行再次支架成形术是安全、可行的,病例选择的标准和疗效尚待更大样本的研究。     

解读最新证据:再议双联抗血小板治疗持续时间问题

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)已成为冠心病的标准治疗方法之一。其中,支架置入术是冠心病介入治疗的最基本手段。支架置入术后通常要考虑支架内再狭窄和支架内血栓形成两方面的问题。为防止支架内再狭窄,近年临床上普遍采用药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stent,DES)。然而,药物洗脱支架虽然能降低支架置入术后再狭窄的发生率,但由于药物及涂层本身同时抑制了支架表面的内皮化,从而增加了     

药物洗脱支架置入术后支架边缘再狭窄

<正>支架置入术是目前治疗冠状动脉严重狭窄性疾病的主要方法。自从2000年药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stent,DES)首次应用于临床,其治疗冠状动脉狭窄病变的有效性和安全性已在一系列的随机对照试验和临床注册研究中得到证实。然而,支架置入术后远期发生的支架边缘再狭窄依然是临床医     

ACE基因I/D多态性与冠状动脉支架内再狭窄相关性研究

目的研究冠状动脉内行药物洗脱支架置入术患者,术后支架内再狭窄发生情况与ACE基因I/D多态性的关系。方法所有患者行冠状动脉造影检查,PCR方法测定ACE基因型。根据血管造影结果分为再狭窄组（病变狭窄≥50%）和无再狭窄组（病变狭窄〈50%）。采用SPSS18.0软件比较再狭窄组与无再狭窄组的临床基本特征、冠脉造影资料,以及与ACE基因型的关系。结果此次研究共纳入396名行药物洗脱支架置入术的冠心病患者,支架内再狭窄发生40例,再狭窄率为10.1%。再狭窄组与无再狭窄组的临床基本资料、冠脉造影资料均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。再狭窄组的ACEDD基因型35.56%、ACEDI基因型16.39%、ACEII基因型3.85%。再狭窄组与ACE基因I/D多态性具有相关性（P〈0.001）。结论冠状动脉内行药物洗脱支架置入术患者术后支架再狭窄发生与ACEDD基因型具有显著相关性。     

椎动脉起始部粥样硬化性狭窄患者血管内支架置入术后再狭窄的危险因素研究

目的探讨椎动脉起始部粥样硬化性狭窄患者血管内支架置入术后再狭窄的危险因素。方法选择沧州市人民医院2013年1月—2015年6月收治的椎动脉起始部粥样硬化性狭窄患者64例,均行血管内支架置入术并随访6个月,记录其性别、年龄、合并症、吸烟史、病变部位、术前椎动脉直径、支架类型、支架直径、支架长度及术后狭窄长度,分析血管内支架置入术后再狭窄的危险因素。结果所有患者顺利完成血管内支架置入术,随访期间18例出现再狭窄(再狭窄组),46例未出现再狭窄(无再狭窄组),再狭窄发生率为28.1%。两组患者性别、年龄、高血压发生率、糖尿病发生率、高胆固醇血症发生率、病变部位、支架直径、支架长度及术后狭窄长度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);再狭窄组患者吸烟史阳性率高于无再狭窄组,术前椎动脉直径短于无再狭窄组,采用药物支架者所占比例低于无再狭窄组(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,有吸烟史〔β=0.098,OR=2.648,95%CI(1.159,4.674),P=0.001〕、术前椎动脉直径〔β=0.956,OR=2.614,95%CI(1.134,6.022),P=0.007〕为椎动脉起始部粥样硬化性狭窄患者血管内支架置入术后再狭窄的危险因素,药物支架〔β=-0.612,OR=1.837,95%CI(1.086,4.597),P=0.029〕为保护因素。结论椎动脉起始部粥样硬化性狭窄患者血管内支架置入术后再狭窄发生率较高,有吸烟史、术前椎动脉直径为血管内支架置入术后再狭窄的危险因素,药物支架为保护因素。     

胆红素及糖化血红蛋白与老年症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术后再狭窄的相关性

目的探讨胆红素及糖化血红蛋白水平与老年症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术后再狭窄的相关性及术后再狭窄的影响因素。方法选取2014年1月至2017年1月秦皇岛市第一医院收治的52例老年症状性颅内动脉狭窄并行支架置入术患者为研究对象,以术后1年随访是否再次发生颅内动脉狭窄分为再狭窄组(14例)和非再狭窄组(38例)。对比2组胆红素和糖化血红蛋白水平差异,并对相关危险因素进行回归分析。结果再狭窄组总胆红素水平、间接胆红素水平、结合胆红素水平及糖化血红蛋白水平分别为(11.15±2.16)μmol/L、(9.18±1.55)μmol/L、(2.08±0.43)μmol/L、(8.33±0.43)%,而非再狭窄组分别为(13.34±2.18)μmol/L、(10.38±1.71)μmol/L、(3.08±0.38)μmol/L、(6.88±0.40)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。进一步多因素回归分析结果显示,血清总胆红素水平、糖化血红蛋白水平、高血压及糖尿病与症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术后再狭窄相关。结论血清总胆红素偏低、糖化血红蛋白水平过高、高血压及糖尿病均是导致老年症状性颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。     

药物洗脱支架治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄四例

目的 通过应用药物洗脱支架(CypherTM)治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的临床效果观察,以探讨防止再狭窄的机制。方法 选择症状性颅内动脉狭窄4例患者,1例右颈内动脉C4段重度狭窄伴左椎动脉开口重度狭窄,2例椎动脉V4段重度狭窄,1例右侧大脑中动脉M1段重度狭窄,病变狭窄程度经DSA造影证实均在90％以上,狭窄长度为13-15 mm。在全身麻醉下,以Seldinger's技术行右股动脉穿刺,置入6 F动脉鞘,使用6 F Envoy导引导管,在微导丝引导下将CypherTM支架准确定位后释放。 结果 DSA造影证实:1例右颈内动脉C4段伴左椎动脉开口狭窄,管径恢复正常,2例椎动脉V4段及1例右侧大脑中动脉M1段狭窄程度减少90％以上。4例患者临床症状消失。结论 药物洗脱支架在治疗冠状动脉狭窄中已有应用,治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄是一种新的尝试,临床效果及能否预防再狭窄,尚需进一步随访。     

脑梗死患者颅内外动脉狭窄的分布及影响因素研究

目的 探讨与研究脑梗死患者颅内外动脉血管狭窄的分布及影响因素.方法 我院自2006年4月-2011年12月对160例急性脑梗死患者行数字减影(DSA)检查,按是否有高血压分为高血压组和对照组.对患者颅内外动脉狭窄率、狭窄程度、分布特点及危险因素进行统计分析.结果 急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉狭窄发生率98/128(84.1%),单纯颅内血管狭窄57例(47.1%),单纯颅内外血管同时狭窄46例(34.8%),颅内合并颅外(两支以上血管同时狭窄)75例(57.9%).两组中颅内血管发生率无明显差异,颅内外血管及多支病变中有统计学意义.两组中颅内外动脉狭窄程度与高血压比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.02),狭窄越严重高血压发病率越高.血管狭窄程度与年龄有密切关系(P=0.02).结论 高血压是脑血管病的高危因素且其颅内动脉狭窄发生率高于颅外.而且血管狭窄程度与年龄、长期吸烟、有明显差异.糖尿病、高血脂、性别与颅内外动脉狭窄程度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).     

药物洗脱支架防治再狭窄的研究进展

目前,经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和冠状动脉内支架置入术已广泛应用于临床,成为冠心病常规介入治疗的方法之一,但术后再狭窄率仍然居高不下;药物洗脱支架的出现则改变了这种局面,随着近两年来药物洗脱支架防治再狭窄临床实验结果的陆续公布,使药物洗脱支架成为目前防治再狭窄的最佳办法。现根据医学研究的最新结果,从药物洗脱支架的作用机制、临床疗效和安全性等方面作一综述。     

性别与症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄关系的研究

目的探讨性别与症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的关系,为颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄危险因素的研究及缺血性脑血管病的防治提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析行数字减影血管造影术检查的缺血性脑血管病患者3708例,未见明显颅内外动脉狭窄1476例,症状性颅内外动脉狭窄2232例,分析症状性颅内外动脉狭窄与性别及年龄的关系。结果症状性颅内外动脉狭窄患者中,单纯颅内动脉狭窄发生率明显高于单纯颅外动脉狭窄和颅内外动脉联合狭窄(48.3%vs 25.2%vs 26.5%),且男性比例明显大于女性(68.8%vs 31.2%,P<0.01)。与≤40岁比较,41⁶4岁、6564岁、65⁷9岁、≥80岁单纯颅内动脉狭窄比例明显降低,单纯颅外动脉狭窄、颅内外动脉联合狭窄比例明显升高(P<0.01);与4179岁、≥80岁单纯颅内动脉狭窄比例明显降低,单纯颅外动脉狭窄、颅内外动脉联合狭窄比例明显升高(P<0.01);与41⁶4岁比较,6564岁比较,65⁷9岁、≥80岁单纯颅内动脉狭窄比例明显降低,单纯颅外动脉狭窄、颅内外动脉联合狭窄比例明显升高(P<0.01)。结论中国人性别差异与症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的发生有关,男性发生率可能高于女性。症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的分布具有年龄特征性。     

A case of giant aneurysm following percutaneous coronary intervention

The incidence of restenosis has significantly reduced following introduction of drug-eluting stents. However. complications i.e. subacute thrombosis and aneurysm formation may be higher with these stents. We report a case of giant aneurysm formation following drug-eluting stent implantation.     

Comparison of sirolimus versus paclitaxel eluting stents for treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis

In patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) inside bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents reduce the recurrence of restenosis compared with balloon angioplasty. However, few data are available about this therapeutic modality in the case of diffuse restenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate and mid-term outcome of sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation in diffuse ISR and determine the predictors of clinical and angiographic restenosis recurrence. A series of 161 consecutive patients with 194 diffuse ISR lesions (>10 mm) treated with drug-eluting stent implantation were evaluated. Major adverse cardiac events were defined as death, myocardial infarction, and the need for target lesion revascularization. During a mean follow-up of 8.2 +/- 3.4 months, the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 19% in the SES group and 24% in the PES group (p = 0.56). Angiographic follow-up was performed in 80% of the lesions. The overall restenosis rate was 22% and was not significantly different between lesions treated with sirolimus-eluting (20%) or paclitaxel-eluting (25%, p = 0.55) stents. The incidence of restenosis was higher in diabetics (32%) than in nondiabetics (16%, odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 5.5, p = 0.02). By multivariate analysis, diabetes was confirmed to be the only independent predictor of recurrent restenosis (odds ratio 3.53, 95% confidence interval 1.39 to 9.02, p = 0.008). In conclusion, drug-eluting stent implantation for diffuse ISR is associated with acceptable clinical and angiographic results. The association of diffuse restenosis and diabetes mellitus is an unfavorable condition leading to a high risk of recurrence.     

Drug-eluting stents: from randomized trials to the real world

Drug-eluting stents have been developed to prevent in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary revascularization. In a number of randomized trials, polymer-coated sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents have been proven to markedly reduce the incidence of angiographic restenosis and repeat revascularization when compared to bare metal stents. Effectiveness of sirolimus-eluting stents in the prevention of restenosis has been confirmed in many subsets of patients and lesions not included in randomized trials, such as in-stent restenosis, chronic total occlusion, acute myocardial infarction, and others. Very promising data in the real world are emerging for utilization of paclitaxel-eluting stents as well. Other drug-eluting stents gave less brilliant results or even true failures, whilst a number of new drugs and stent platforms are under clinical or preclinical evaluation. In this review we describe the main clinical trials on drug-eluting stents, and the most recent informations derived from observational studies and registries. Moreover, preliminary results on new drug-eluting stents are summarized.     

64层CT对缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉狭窄分布特征的研究

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化性缺血性脑血管病患者颅内外动脉狭窄的部位和年龄分布特征。方法选择存在脑动脉狭窄的缺血性脑血管病患者144例,按年龄分为青年组(18～44岁,12例)、中年组(45～59岁,45例)和老年组(≥60岁,87例)。通过CT血管造影检查,对脑动脉不同狭窄部位及年龄分布特征进行分析。结果 144例动脉狭窄或闭塞患者中,共检测到病变血管414支,单支性血管狭窄24例(16.7%),多发性狭窄120例(83.3%,P<0.01)。单纯颅内动脉狭窄和颅内合并颅外动脉狭窄发生率明显高于单纯颅外动脉(60.4%vs 31.3%vs8.3%,P<0.01)。颅内、外动脉病变好发部位依次为:大脑中动脉和椎动脉颅外段。单纯前循环狭窄和前后循环均狭窄发生率明显高于单纯后循环狭窄(35.4%vs 41.7%vs 22.9%,P<0.05,P<0.01)。青年组和中年组单纯颅内动脉狭窄发生率明显高于老年组(83.3%vs 75.6%vs 49.4%,P<0.05)。老年组单纯颅外动脉狭窄发生率明显高于中年组(12.6%vs 2.2%,P<0.05)。结论缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉狭窄以多发性为主;颅内动脉狭窄的发生率高于颅外动脉;脑动脉狭窄分布有随年龄变化的特征性。     

Stent restenosis and the use of drug-eluting stents in patients with diabetes mellitus

Stents have become the technique of choice for percutaneous revascularization, but in-stent restenosis has remained a clinical challenge. This brief article summarizes the incidence, patterns, and proposed mechanisms of restenosis and outlines its contemporary management with specific focus on the diabetic patient. It includes a synopsis of the strategy of drug-eluting stents, which is the most recent and major advance in percutaneous coronary intervention.     

Restenosis,Stent Thrombosis,and Bleeding Complications: Navigating Between Scylla and Charybdis

The field of interventional cardiology has significantly evolved over 40 years by overcoming several challenges. The introduction of first-generation drug-eluting stents significantly reduced the rates of restenosis, but at the expense of an increase of late stent thrombosis. Prolonged antithrombotic therapy reduced rates of stent thrombosis, but at the cost of increased bleeding. Although the advent of second-generation drug-eluting stents subsequently reduced the incidence of late stent thrombosis, its permanent nature prevents full recovery of vascular structure and function with accordant risk of very late stent failure. In the present era of interventional cardiology, the tradeoff between stent thrombosis, restenosis, and bleeding presents as a particularly complex challenge. In this review, the authors highlight major contributors of late/very late stent thrombosis while targeting stent restenosis, and they discuss evolutionary advances in stent technology and antiplatelet therapy, to further improve upon the care of patients with coronary artery disease.     

药物洗脱支架术后极晚期血栓形成原因及防治进展

药物洗脱支架能有效减少支架再狭窄率和靶血管的再次血运重建,但与金属裸支架相比,药物洗脱支架极晚期血栓（VLST）发生率呈上升趋势。研究显示药物洗脱支架术后再内皮化延迟、抗血小板药物抵抗、PCI操作技术与晚期血栓形成有密切相关。本文就 VLST形成原因、危险因素及防治策略作以下综述。