圆顶形截骨矫治肘内翻畸形

目的评价圆顶形截骨法矫正肘内翻畸形的效果.方法于鹰嘴窝上弧线近侧作圆顶式截骨,旋转纠正肘内翻畸形后交叉克氏针固定,4周去除石膏及克氏针,开始肘关节伸屈及旋转功能锻炼.结果术后随访平均15个月,所有截骨均骨性愈合,肘关节伸屈及旋转活动达术前水平,术前携带角-17°～-35°(平均-27.6°),术后8～15°(平均11.8°),随访未发现矫正角度的丢失,术后肱骨外髁突出畸形显著改善.结论圆顶式截骨术是一种理想的肘内翻畸形矫正方法.     

单纯闭合楔形截骨术治疗儿童肘内翻畸形

目的探讨儿童肘内翻畸形的手术治疗方法.方法回顾30例采用无内固定的肱骨髁上闭合楔形截骨术治疗的肘内翻畸形,其中男27例、女3例,平均随访5年,最长达8年.结果术前患侧提携角平均-25°,术后提携角平均6.83°,术后较术前平均改变31°,无复发及神经损伤、感染等并发症的出现.结论无内固定的单纯闭合楔形截骨术手术时间短、患者创伤小、避免二次手术,是简便、安全、有效的治疗儿童肘内翻的方法.     

Optimal Correction in High Tibial Osteotomy for Varus Deformity

As a basis for determining the required correction in high tibial osteotomy a measurement of the lateral angle between the axes of the femur and the tibia on standing films is not sufficiently reliable, because the knee can be maintained in various positions through muscular action. When the three-point technique is applied the medio-lateral instability of the knee joint can be determined and by using the varus/valgus deviation as measured in this way the desired correction can be calculated. For this patient series it was found that correction to between 3 and 7° valgus of the varus/valgus deviation (three-point technique) led to the best subjective rating of the end result by the patients. To compensate for the expected relapse after the operation another 1 or 2° may be added to the angular change at the operation. To avoid an increase in the instability of the knee a lateral capsule reconstruction should be performed.     

肱骨髁上楔形截骨钢板内固定治疗儿童肘内翻畸形

目的 探讨并总结运用重建钢板治疗儿童肘内翻畸形的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析南方医科大学附属小榄医院2005年6月至2011年7月采用外侧肱骨髁上楔形截骨重建钢板内固定治疗的肘内翻畸形患儿31例,男18例,女13例;年龄6～14岁,平均8.39岁.肘内翻角度25.4°(17°～31°).结果 所有患儿术后畸形矫正良好,获得平均6.2°(3°～20°)提携角.术前与术后提携角比较,有统计学差异(t=1.925,P＜0.05).术后关节活动范围平均125°(90°～135°),与术前相比无明显改变.术后随访时间1～3年(平均2.6年),无一例复发,无骨化性肌炎发生.所有病例均无血管损伤、感染等并发症发生,术后肌力正常,1例并发尺神经损伤,经保守治疗2个月后改善,2例旋转轻度障碍,14例肱骨外髁处出现隆起.肱骨截骨处平均骨性愈合时间为3.4个月(3～4个月),所有病例均未出现内固定松动现象,拆除内固定时间为15个月(8～l8个月).结论 尽管侧方肱骨髁上楔形截骨重建钢板内固定治疗儿童肘内翻畸形可能发生肱骨远端外侧突起、肘关节外侧瘢痕等并发症,但是术后总体疗效满意,是一种可以广泛应用的术式.     

膝关节退行性骨关节炎伴膝内翻的手术治疗

目的：探讨膝关节退行性骨关节炎伴膝内翻的治疗方法，方法：对30例患者，采用膝前内侧切口行关节清理术加胫骨近端高位截骨，术中取楔形髂骨块植入截骨端以矫正内翻畸形。结果：30例均获随访。平均随访时间8年，优良率83.9%。结论：该治疗方法对患者的疼痛缓解及步行能力的增加有明显疗效。     

单纯闭合楔形截骨术治疗儿童肘内翻畸形

目的:探讨儿童肘内翻畸形的手术治疗方法。方法:回顾30例采用无内固定的肱骨髁上闭合楔形截骨术治疗的肘内翻畸形,其中男27例、女3例,平均随访5年,最长达8年。结果:术前患侧提携角平均-25°,术后提携角平均6.83°,术后较术前平均改变31°,无复发及神经损伤、感染等并发症的出现。结论:无内固定的单纯闭合楔形截骨术手术时间短、患者创伤小、避免二次手术,是简便、安全、有效的治疗儿童肘内翻的方法。     

Fibular Rotational Osteotomy for the Treatment of Distal Tibial Osteochondroma: A Technical Modification for Deformity Correction and Improved Outcomes

The technique of choice for excision of osteochondromas located in the lateral aspect of the tibia is a transfibular approach to expose the lesion for resection. A drawback of this approach is that removal of the lesion leaves a void that may cause a visible deformity and adversely affect long-term function. Fibular rotational osteotomy followed by fibular graft may minimize the resultant deformity, producing a more satisfactory functional and cosmetic result. The authors report a retrospective case series consisting of 5 cases in which a fibular graft rotation was performed after rotational osteotomy via a transfibular approach. Retrograde intramedullary fixation by means of a Kirschner wire, in combination with the design of the fibular osteotomy, provided rotational graft and fibular stability until healing occurred.     

Realignment Midfoot Osteotomy: A Preoperative Planning Method and Intraoperative Surgical Technique

Deformities of the midfoot are often treated with midfoot osteotomies. The goal of the midfoot osteotomy is to create a plantigrade forefoot to hindfoot relationship. Many different techniques are described for performing midfoot osteotomies. Our goal is to present an objective pre-operative planning method and an intra-operative technique for accurate multiplanar realignment and discuss our short-term results. We retrospectively reviewed 18 patients, 10 female (56%) and 8 male (44%), that underwent realignment midfoot osteotomies. The mean follow-up was 25 months (range, 4-120). The mean age at the time of surgery was 53 years (range, 21-76). Statistically significant improvement in radiographic alignment was found in the anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle (p = .002) and the mechanical axis deviation of the foot (p = .02). This study proved that our pre-operative and intra-operative planning technique provides accurate multiplanar radiographic realignment with good clinical results.     

Distal Oblique Metatarsal Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Clinical Analysis

We compared the outcomes of the distal oblique metatarsal (DOM) osteotomy, which is parallel to the articulation surface of the proximal phalanx, with those of the chevron osteotomy and evaluated whether displacement and shortening of the first metatarsal have any effect on the incidence of metatarsalgia and patient satisfaction. Patients treated with the DOM osteotomy (n = 30) or distal chevron osteotomy (n = 31) were evaluated retrospectively. The chevron and DOM osteotomies both provided significant improvement in the first intermetatarsal angle (p < .001), hallux valgus angle (p < .001), distal metatarsal articular angle (p < .001), range of first metatarsophalangeal joint motion (p < .001), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (p < .001), and sesamoid position (p < .001), without any significant differences between the 2 groups. Patient satisfaction and metatarsalgia also were not different between the study groups. The DOM osteotomy group had higher plantar displacement (0.1 ± 0.1 mm versus 1.0 ± 0.1 mm; p < .001) and absolute shortening of the first metatarsal (1.0 ± 0.4 mm versus 6.8 ± 1.0 mm; p < .001). In conclusion, the DOM osteotomy is an alternative treatment method for mild and moderate hallux valgus.     

小儿外伤性肘内翻截骨后穿针固定的改进──介绍一种简易加压固定法

本文介绍一种肘内翻截骨后横穿克氏针用粗丝线和橡皮筋捆绑的简易加压固定方法。通过１０例临床观察和随诊证明：固定确切、可靠；因有加压作用，愈合快；由于稳定性好，可早期即术后２周开始练屈伸活动，功能恢复快。     

The Spike Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus: A Clinical and Radiological Evaluation

A distal metatarsal osteotomy with soft tissue correction is a frequently performed operation to correct mild to moderate hallux valgus deformity. This is a prospective study of 28 feet in 25 patients who underwent spike osteotomy of the first metatarsal with medial capsulorraphy for symptomatic hallux valgus. The osteotomy is a distal metatarsal osteotomy with a spike fashioned in the plantar and lateral quarter of the proximal fragment and impacted into the trough created in the center of the distal fragment, providing lateral and plantar shift of the distal fragment. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society's rating scale was used for functional assessment, and a visual analog scale gauged pain. The average follow-up was 27 months. The rating scale score improved from a mean preoperative value of 39/100 to 84/100. Twenty-six feet had complete pain relief, whereas 2 feet had a lesser degree of persistent metatarsalgia. A review of preoperative and postoperative radiographs showed that the hallux valgus angle improved from a mean 36 degrees preoperatively to 18 degrees postoperatively. Likewise, the mean 1 to 2 intermetatarsal angle improved from 13 degrees to 7.3 degrees. There was no incidence of avascular necrosis. Fourteen patients (16 feet) rated the outcome as excellent, 10 (11 feet) as good, and 1 patient with asymptomatic mild hallux varus deformity rated the result as fair. These results demonstrate that the spike osteotomy is a suitable operation for treatment of mild to moderate hallux valgus.     

Deformed Complex Vertebral Osteotomy Technique for Management of Severe Congenital Spinal Angular Kyphotic Deformity

ObjectivesTo (i) introduce the deformed complex vertebral osteotomy (DCVO) technique for the treatment of severe congenital angular spinal kyphosis; (ii) evaluate the sagittal correction efficacy of the DCVO technique; and (iii) discuss the advantages and limitations of the DCVO technique.MethodsMultiple malformed vertebrae were considered a malformed complex, and large‐range and angle wedge osteotomy was performed within the complex using the DCVO technique. Patients with local kyphosis greater than 80° who were treated with DCVO and did not have tumors, infections, or a history of surgery were included. A retrospective case study was performed in these patients with severe angular kyphosis who underwent the DCVO technique from 2008 to 2016. Demographic data, the operating time, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss were collected. Spinopelvic parameters (pelvic incidence [PI], pelvic tilt [PT], and sacral slope [SS]), local and global sagittal parameters (deformity angle, thoracic kyphosis [TK], and lumbar lordosis [LL]), visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) score were recorded pre‐ and postoperatively. Paired t‐tests (α = 0.05) were used for all data (to compare the mean preoperative value with the mean postoperative and most recent follow‐up values). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients with a mean age of 34 years (range, 15–55) were included in the final analysis. Seventeen patients were male, and 12 were female. The mean follow‐up was 44 months (range, 26–62). The mean operating time was 299 min (range, 260–320 min). The mean blood loss was 2110 mL (range, 1500–2900 mL). Three patients had T₇–T₈ deformities (3/29, 10.3%), six had T₈–T₉ deformities (6/29, 20.7%), six had T₉–T₁₀ deformities (6/29, 20.7%), 10 had T₁₀–T₁₁ deformities (10/29, 34.5%), three had T₁₁–T₁₂ deformities (3/29, 10.3%), and one had T₉–T₁₁ deformities (1/29, 3.4%). The mean local deformity angle significantly improved from 94.9° ± 10.8° to 24.0° ± 2.3° through the DCVO technique, with no significant loss at the follow‐up. Moreover, the global sagittal parameters and spinopelvic parameters exhibited ideal magnitudes of improvement; TK decreased from 86.1° ± 12.1° to 28.7° ± 2.5°, LL improved from 94.5° ± 4.1° to 46.1° ± 3.0°, and PI minus LL improved from −60.9° ± 6.5° to −13.7° ± 2.6°. Both the VAS and ODI scores significantly improved at the last follow‐up. CSF fistula and neural injury did not occur during the perioperative period. At the last follow‐up, fixation failure was not observed.ConclusionThe DCVO technique provides an alternative and effective method for the treatment of congenital severe angular spinal kyphotic deformities and may decrease the occurrence of perioperative complications.     

Cervical Flexion Osteotomy through One‐Stage Posterior‐Anterior‐Posterior Approach for Cervical Extension Deformity in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Novel Surgical Technique

The present study was to introduce a new surgical technique of cervical flexionosteotomy, with an emphasis on the clinical and radiographic outcomes. Two male patients aged 45 and 21 years presented with cervical extension deformity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Both patients exhibited upward deviation of the forward gaze. The chin brow vertical angle (CBVA) were 15° upward and 5° downward, respectively; and the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were‐13.2mm and 195.7mm, respectively. Aposterior transverse release was performed at C₇‐T₁, exposing the theca and C8 nerve roots to facilitate closure of theosteotomy site. Then, an anterior closing‐wedgeosteotomy of C₇‐T₁ was performed followed with anterior internal fixation with a locking plate to prevent any translation. After closure and anterior fixation, patients were returned to the proneposition, and posterior screw‐rod instrumentation was used for further stabilization. The follow‐up periods were 20 and 10 months, respectively. At the last follow‐up, CBVA and SVA of Patient 1 were 14° downwardand ‐12.6mm; and CBVA and SVA of Patient 2 were 1° downward and 75.6mm respectively, indicating the visual angle and sagittal balance were significantly improved. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. Full‐spine radiographs of each patient at the last visit confirmed successfulbony union. The present study was the first report introducing a novel flexion osteotomy for cervical extension deformity in AS through a posterior‐anterior‐posterior approach inone‐stage. The improved forward gaze and no complications demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of the novel technique, suggesting that it might provide a more feasible method for the correction of cervical extension deformity.