氟比洛芬酯用于膝关节镜手术超前镇痛的临床效果

目的:观察氟比洛芬酯对膝关节镜手术超前镇痛的临床效果.方法:60例行膝关节镜手术患者,随机分为氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛组(P组,n=20)、氟比洛芬酯常规镇痛组(R组,n=20)和对照组(C组,n=20).P组于手术切皮前15 min静脉注射氟比洛芬酯100 mg,R组、C组分别于手术结束前15 min静脉注射氟比洛芬酯100mg、生理盐水10 mL,于术后2、4、8、12、24 h随访并记录VAS评分、镇痛满意率、24 h需追加镇痛药时间及例数,观察氟比洛芬酯相关不良反应发生情况.结果:P组术后2、4、8、12 h的VAS评分明显低于同时点C组评分(P<0.05),R组术后2、4、8 h的VAS评分明显低于同时点C组(P<0.05).P组和R组镇痛满意率显著高于C组(P<0.01).P组和R组追加镇痛药时间明显长于C组(P<0.01),且P组和R组追加镇痛药例数明显少于C组(P<0.01).3组间不良反应的发生率差异无显著性.结论:氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛能有效减轻膝关节镜患者术后疼痛,且不会增加术后相关并发症.     

氟比洛芬酯和曲马多超前镇痛用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床比较

目的 比较研究氟比洛芬酯和曲马多超前镇痛用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的效果及不良反应.方法 择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者42例,随机分为氟比洛芬酯组(A组)、曲马多组(B组)及氯化钠溶液对照组(C组),每组各14例.术前10 min,A组静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg,B组静脉注射曲马多100 mg,C组静脉注射氯化钠溶液5ml.术后随访24 h,记录生命体征、疼痛程度和恶心呕吐情况.结果 各时间点3组患者的生命体止差异无统计学意义;A组与B组各时间点视觉模拟评分(VAS)差异无统计学意义,但两组分别与C组比较VAS评分均显著降低(P<0.05);B组与A、C组比较,术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的发生率明显升高(P<0.05).结论 氟比洛芬酯和曲马多超前镇痛应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术,能明显减缓术后疼痛,氟比洛芬酯与曲马多相比恶心呕吐的不良反应小,因而更具优势.     

氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛在妇科腹腔镜手术的应用

目的：研究氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用。方法：60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行妇科手术的患者,随机分为三组,每组20例。对照组（C组）麻醉诱导前和术毕患者拔管清醒即刻静脉缓慢注射脂肪乳5mL;超前镇痛组（P组）麻醉诱导前静脉缓慢注射氟比洛芬酯5mL,术毕患者拔管清醒即刻静脉缓慢注射脂肪乳5mL;常规镇痛组（R组）麻醉诱导前静脉缓慢注射脂肪乳5mL,术毕患者拔管清醒即刻静脉缓慢注射氟比洛芬酯5mL。分别记录拔管清醒即刻、1、2、4、6、12、24h的视觉模拟评分法（VAS）的评分;记录24小时追加镇痛药情况;并统计24h内不良反应。结果：术后P组1、2、4、6、12h的VAS评分明显低于C组同时点VAS评分（P〈0.05）;而P组1、2、4、6h的VAS评分明显低于R组同时点VAS评分（P〈0.05）。结论：氟比洛芬酯可安全地用于妇科腹腔镜手术镇痛,而使用超前镇痛可提供更好的术后镇痛效果。     

氟比洛芬脂超前镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后疼痛的观察

目的:观察氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊手术术后疼痛的有效性和安全性。方法:60例腹腔镜胆囊切除患者随机分为A、B、C三组,每组各为20例,均采取气管内全麻。A组(n=20)在全麻诱导后手术切皮前术前静注氟比洛芬酯50 mg(用生理盐水稀释至10 mL);B组(n=20)在手术结束气管拔管后静注氟比洛芬酯50 mg(稀释法同A组);C组(n=20)为对照组,在诱导后和手术结束时分别前静注生理盐水10 mL。术后用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估患者术后0.5、1、62、4 h的疼痛感觉程度,并观察各组苏醒期躁动、术后咽喉部疼痛不适及恶心、呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果:A组病人术后24 hVAS评分明显低于C组(P<0.05),A组苏醒期躁动和咽喉部疼痛发生率低于B、C两组(P<0.05),三组的恶心、呕吐不良反应发情况差异无显著意义。结论:氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛可有效地运用于腹腔镜胆囊手术患者术后疼痛。     

不同时点氟比洛芬酯预先镇痛对妇科腹腔镜术后止痛的影响

目的:观察围术期不同时点应用氟比洛芬酯对妇科腹腔镜术后止痛的影响。方法:选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级妇科腹腔镜手术病人45例,年龄34～59岁,分为氟比洛芬酯预先镇痛组(PR组)、氟比洛芬酯术后注射组(PO组)和对照组(CO组),每组15例。手术开始前30minPR组静注氟比洛芬酯50mg,PO组不注药,CO组静注生理盐水5mL;手术结束时PR组再静注氟比洛芬酯25mg,PO组静注氟比洛芬酯50mg,CO组静注生理盐水5mL。分别在术后不同时点进行痛觉评分和镇静评分;记录患者术后第一次需求镇痛药距术毕的时间,术后24h内使用镇痛药次数,以及出现的副反应,如恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、呼吸抑制及异常出血等。结果:首次需求镇痛药时间PR、PO组均较CO组延迟(P<0.01)。24h内镇痛药使用次数PR组少于PO组和CO组(P<0.01)。术后不同时点VAS评分,PR组24h内评分低于PO、CO组,而PO组4h内评分低于CO组(P<0.01)。Ramsay评分,PR、PO组8h内评分高于CO组(P<0.05)。而3组患者发生恶心、呕吐、出血等副反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:妇科腹腔镜手术全身麻醉前静注氟比洛芬酯50mg,...     

氟比洛芬酯联合舒芬太尼超前镇痛对老年腹腔镜结肠癌根治术术后镇痛的影响

目的:观察氟比洛芬酯联合舒芬太尼超前镇痛对老年患者腹腔镜结肠癌根治术术后镇痛的影响.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者60例,随机分为:氟比洛芬酯联合舒芬太尼超前镇痛组(A组),氟比洛芬酯联合舒芬太尼术后镇痛组(B组),单用舒芬太尼术后镇痛组(C组).分别记录患者术后0、2、4、8、12、24、48 h视觉模拟评分(VAS).并于麻醉前,手术结束时,术后8、16、24、48 h采血测定P物质的浓度.记录各组追加镇痛药物剂量及术后第一次应用镇痛药的时间.记录生命体征指标变化,观察和记录可能出现的副作用和不良事件.结果:B、C组各时间点VAS与A组相同时间点比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05).B、C组手术结束时及术后各时间点P物质与A组相同时间点比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05).三组患者术后基本生命体征指标波动在正常范围内.三组患者中C组有3例尿潴留.各组术后均没有追加镇痛药物.结论:老年患者腹腔镜结肠癌根治术应用氟比洛芬酯联合舒芬太尼超前镇痛效果确切,不良反应较少.     

右美托咪定联合氟比洛芬酯用于肺癌根治术超前镇痛的效果观察

目的研究静脉注射右美托咪定联合氟比洛芬酯对于肺癌根治术超前镇痛的临床应用效果。方法随机行肺癌根治术患者80例,分成对照组和观察组各40例。对照组在麻醉诱导前注射氟比洛芬酯;观察组超前给予预注右美托咪定联合氟比洛芬酯,比较两组插管、拔管后心率(HR)、动脉压(MAP)及术后与术后12h疼痛(VAS)与舒适评分(BCS)。结果观察组诱导前、插管、拔管后HR与MAP明显比对照组低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后VAS评分显著低于对照组,BCS评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合预注右美托咪定与氟比洛芬酯能够有效缓解术中应激反应,超前镇痛效果十分明显,值得临床推广应用。     

氟比洛芬酯用于妇科肿瘤术后静脉镇痛的观察与护理

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯用于妇科肿瘤术后静脉镇痛的效果及相关护理方法.方法 将60例择期行妇科肿瘤手术的患者,随机分为两组,每组30例.两组患者均行静脉全身麻醉,术后均以电子镇痛泵行静脉自控镇痛.A组为氟比洛芬酯组,镇痛泵配方为氟比洛芬酯150 mg加芬太尼0.5 mg加托烷司琼6 mg；B组为对照组,镇痛泵配方为芬太尼0.8 mg加托烷司琼6 mg.两组镇痛泵均用生理盐水稀释至100ml.记录术后6h、12 h、24 h、48 h疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分,Ramsay镇静(RSS)评分及不良反应.结果 两组患者术后各时间点的VAS评分和RSS评分,差异无显著意义(P＞0.05)；B组恶心呕吐发生率显著高于A组(P＜0.05)；两组均未出现皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制、嗜睡及异常出血等不良反应.结论 氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于妇科肿瘤术后静脉镇痛的效果与芬太尼组相似,但不良反应显著降低.良好的观察、护理可保证镇痛效果,增强术后镇痛的安全性.     

氟比洛芬酯及曲马多分别联合芬太尼用于术后静脉镇痛的比较

目的比较氟比洛芬酯联合芬太尼与曲马多联合芬太尼两种镇痛方式用于妇科肿瘤术后静脉镇痛的效果及不良反应。方法将60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行妇科肿瘤手术的患者随机分为两组,每组30例。两组患者均行静脉全身麻醉,术后均以电子镇痛泵行静脉自控镇痛。A组为氟比洛芬酯组,镇痛泵配方为氟比洛芬酯150 mg+芬太尼0.5 mg+托烷司琼6 mg+生理盐水稀释至100 ml;B组为曲马多组,镇痛泵配方为曲马多500 mg+芬太尼0.5 mg+托烷司琼6 mg+生理盐水稀释至100 ml。记录术后6、12、24、48 h疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静(RSS)评分及不良反应。结果两组患者术后各时间点的VAS评分和RSS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组恶心呕吐发生率显著高于A组(P<0.05);两组均未见其他不良反应。结论氟比洛芬酯复合芬太尼用于妇科肿瘤术后静脉镇痛的效果与曲马多复合芬太尼相似,但不良反应显著降低。     

氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛应用于甲状腺手术疗效观察

目的：探讨氟比洛芬酯在甲状腺手术中的超前镇痛作用。方法：60例甲状腺腺瘤患者随机分为三组,A组为超前镇痛组,B组为术后镇痛组,C组为生理盐水组。观察术后2h、4h、6h、12h、24h的VAS评分、不良反应和苏醒时间。结果：VAS评分A、B组显著低于C组（P〈0．05）,术后4h后A组低于B组（P〈0．05）。三组不良反应和苏醒时间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：甲状腺手术应用氟比洛芬酯具有超前镇痛作用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.