纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管残余结石的评价

目的：评价纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管残余结石的作用。方法：10年来对40例肝胆管残余结石行纤维胆道镜取石治疗，所有病人均于手术后经引流管造影证实，术后8周行胆道镜检查确认后取石。结果：40例中30例残余结石被取尽，取尽率为75％。取石失败的原因为：合并肝胆管管状狭窄，胆管有解剖变异，结石位于3级以上胆管并嵌顿。结论：纤维胆道镜治疗肝胆管残余结石具有重要作用，但有一定的局限性。     

两种治疗胆总管结石术式的临床比较

目的:为了克服传统的胆总管切开取石术在治疗胆总管结石中的不足。方法:设计并应用了一种治疗胆总管结石的新术式一皮下通道型胆囊胆总管吻合术,并将其与传统术式一胆总管切开取石、T管引流术作临床比较。结果:28例患者实施此种新术式,手术顺利,术后恢复良好,未发现并发症。在获随访的23例患者中,1例于术后2年零3个月,肝内外胆管再次发现结石,仅局麻下切开皮下胆囊通道行胆道镜取石,效果满意。与其相比较的37例行传统术式患者中,获随访31例,2例患者分别于术后1年零8个月及2年零4个月再次复发肝胆管结石,均行开腹手术治疗。结论:皮下通道型胆囊胆总管吻合术的应用为胆总管结石患者术后结石复发提供了一胆道镜取石途径,避免了传统的胆总管切开取石术后结石复发需再次剖腹手术的可能性。     

术中超声在纤维胆道镜取石中的应用

目的 探讨术中超声在纤维胆道镜取石术巾的应用价值.方法 对本院2007年1月-2008年12月的51例经术前超声、CT、MRI检查确诊为肝内胆管结石(均为胆囊切除术后)患者,先行常规纤维胆道镜取石,然后再行术中超声检查,将高频超声探头直接放置于肝脏表面.详细扫查全肝胆管系统,重点扫查术前影像学检查发现结石的肝内胆管,观察有无残余结石存在,对肝内胆管残余结石进行精确定位,并指导纤维胆道镜取尽残石.结果 51例患者中,经术中超声检查发现胆道残余结石12例,结石取尽率为76.5%,残石率为23.5%.12例发现残石的患者中包括肝内胆管结石伴胆管变异7例,肝内胆管结石伴胆管开口狭窄5例.12例肝内胆管残余结石经术中超声准确定位后,引导胆道镜取石,全部残石被取尽且无明显并发症.结论 术中超声定位并指导胆道镜取石,能够解决术中残留结石的难题,具有临床实用价值.     

纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝胆管结石的体会

目的总结分析纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝胆管结石的临床经验。方法2009年1月至2013年6月，肝内外胆管结石76例，采用纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗。结果76例患者手术均取石成功。术后并发症9例，其中切口感染4例，肺部感染3例，胆漏2例，均治愈。术后随访6个月至3年，平均17个月，经B超或“T”管造影检查，未发现结石复发、残留及胆管狭窄。结论纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝胆管结石具有创伤小、并发症少、取石率高、残石率低等优点，可同时发现并处理胆管狭窄。     

纤维胆道镜在肝胆管结石术中的应用

<正>常规胆道探查取石、肝叶部分切除术后肝胆管结石残留是胆道外科治疗难题之一,应用纤维胆道镜术中检查、取石、引导取石,可使残余结石率大大降低,改变了胆道术后残石率高,需长期带管,再次手术的弊端。我院术中应用纤维胆道镜检查,引导术中取石治疗胆石症148例,其残     

纤维胆道镜在3230例胆道手术中的应用

目的：探讨纤维胆道镜在复杂胆道疾病中的应用价值。方法：总结1988年6月～2004年6月，应用纤维胆道镜对3230例复杂胆道疾病患者，术中进行检查和治疗。结果：单纯检查2088例，治疗1142例，其中取胆总管下段结石420例，取石成功率95．0％（399／420）；取肝内胆管结石617例，经纤维胆道镜取石并行肝叶或肝段切除，总有效率89．8％。胆管黏膜活检105例。结论：术中应用纤维胆道镜可明显提高胆道疾病手术疗效，降低肝内胆管残余结石率。     

经T管造瘘口下空肠输出袢切开胆道镜取石术治疗肝内胆管术后复发结石

目的研究肝内胆肠吻合术后肝内胆管复发结石的治疗。方法 287例肝内胆道结石病人行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后,将引出T管的输出袢肠壁缝合在T管腹壁戳孔处的腹膜下。其中25例发生术后复发结石,切开T管腹壁戳孔下空肠输出袢肠壁,使用电子胆道镜经腹壁下空肠输出袢进入胆道取石。结果本组25例均通过电子胆道镜取石成功,手术效果满意,无术后并发症。结论经T管造瘘口下输出袢切开胆道镜取石术是一种治疗胆肠吻合术后复发结石的较为简单有效的方法。     

用微爆破碎石仪行肝胆管嵌顿结石碎石取石术

作者采用微爆破碎石仪配合纤维胆道镜在术中及术后治疗肝胆管嵌顿结石或残余嵌顿结石18例,具有碎石彻底,取石方便,治愈率高和复发率低的特点,明显缩短了治疗时间,减少手术取石次数,临床效果满意。     

肝内胆管结石的手术治疗

目的　探讨肝内胆管结石并狭窄的手术治疗方法及其效果。　方法　回顾性总结了 1990年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月间16 3例肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的外科手术治疗情况。　结果　 16 3例其中行肝叶切除 5 9例 ,胆总管切开取石 T管引流 5 3例 ,胆总管切开取石 U形管引流 5例 ,胆肠吻合 肝叶切除或胆总管取石 92例。肝门部肝胆管狭窄整形 6 6例。术后残留结石 31例 ,术后经胆道镜取石 16例 ,其余 15例中有 7例再次手术行肝叶切除治愈。有 18例术后常有上腹隐痛或发烧。　结论　肝内胆管结石并狭窄常需要联合手术治疗 ,去除病灶 ,解除梗阻 ,畅通引流是外科的治疗原则。三者缺一不可 ,肝内胆管结石的病人常常有不同程度的肝叶纤维化、肝萎缩和肝胆管狭窄并存。手术必需切除病变肝叶 ,狭窄整形及胆肠内引流联合进行     

胆道镜经胆囊管行胆道探查的方法与评价

 为解决胆囊切除术后胆管内结石的残留,对38例胆囊多发结石病人,采用胆道镜经胆囊管途径行胆道探查的方法,取代胆总管切开探查,结果发现16例胆管内残留结石并予取出.为术中胆道探查取石、胆管疾病的诊断提供了一个新的途径.     

硬性胆道镜在复杂性肝内胆管结石手术中的应用

目的探讨治疗复杂性肝内胆管结石、减少手术后残石率,提高疗效的临床治疗方式。方法开腹手术,切开胆总管,采用肾镜作为硬性胆道镜,连接碎石、取石、冲洗系统及器械进行碎石、取石。结果全组51例手术均获成功,无手术死亡,无术后胆道出血、胆漏等并发症,术后残留结石2例,均为Ⅲ级以上胆管小结石,随访3～27个月,无临床症状。结论经腹手术入路,采用硬性胆道镜治疗复杂性肝内胆管结石,术后残石率低,减少住院时间,降低住院费用,临床治疗效果好。     

肝切除联合电子胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石

目的：探讨肝切除联合电子胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2004-01～2010-01经肝切除并联合术中及术后电子胆道镜治疗的186例肝内胆管结石病例。结果：186例患者均行相应的肝叶（段）切除和术中胆道镜取石,59例（31.7%）术后有残留结石,术后胆道镜残余结石总取净率为88.1%（52/59）,186例患者总治愈率为96.2%（179/186）,总残石率为3.8%（7/186）。结论：肝切除联合电子胆道镜是治疗肝内胆管结石的一种有效方法,电子胆道镜在治疗肝内胆管结石中起到了重要作用。     

胆道镜在肝胆管结石治疗中的应用研究

目的探讨胆道镜在肝胆管结石术中、术后检查和治疗的应用价值。方法对我院1987年12月—2009年12月诊治的3 997例实施术中、术后胆道镜检查和治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 3 997例中,手术治疗3 559例,门诊治疗438例。术中器械取石后总残余结石率54.0%(1 921/3 559),胆道镜技术术中应用后总残余结石率9.2%(328/3 559),术后胆道镜应用后总残石率3.2%(114/3 559),再手术率2.2%(78/3 559),未发生胆道镜相关并发症。结论胆道镜在肝胆管结石治疗中的作用显著,具有极高的临床应用价值,应作为肝胆管结石治疗的常规技术。     

Percutaneous stone removal using cobra-shaped sheath and cholangioscopy for multiple hepatolithiasis with choledochoduodenal anastomotic stenosis

Management of multiple hepatolithiasis with choledochoenteral anastomotic stenosis remains difficult and time-consuming. We report a case of a 77-year-old man with severe right hypochondoralgia, treated with percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation of choledocoduodenal anastomotic stenosis and percutaneous stone removal using 8Fr. cobra-shaped sheath and cholangioscopy. Hilar hepatic stones were pushed out into the duodenum through the dilated anastomosis using 5Fr. balloon catheter covered with the sheath and cholangioscopy. For stones located in the left, right anterior and aberrant right posterior hepatic ducts, a guidewire and a removal balloon catheter were inserted by using the cobra-shaped sheath. Stones pulled from the intrahepatic bile ducts to the common hepatic duct were pushed out into the duodenum. Clearance of intrahepatic bile duct stones was confirmed by balloon-occluded cholangiography using the cobra-shaped sheath and 6Fr. balloon catheter. The use of cobra-shaped sheath improved percutaneous stone removal, but the procedure needs further improvement.     

Percutaneous extraction of renal stones: experience in 100 patients

Recent developments in technology and instrumentation have made it possible to remove most kidney stones and many ureteral stones percutaneously. The first 100 cases at this institution were reviewed in which grasping, ultrasonic lithotripsy, basketing, and irrigation were used. In all cases, the follow-up was at least 1 year. The success rates were 92.4% for renal pelvic stones, 92% for caliceal stones, and 68% for ureteral stones. Ten of the 14 patients who required open operation after an unsuccessful percutaneous procedure were among the first 18 patients, whereas only one open operation was needed in the last 40 patients. Proper patient selection; the size, number, and location of stones; proper selection of the nephrostomy site; and the expertise of the operator are critical factors in determining the success rate. To date, the short-term results of percutaneous stone removal have been as good as those of open surgery.     

左肝外叶切除术联合术中胆道镜治疗左肝内胆管结石的疗效分析

目的分析左肝外叶切除术联合术中胆道镜治疗左肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法对2008-0l～2013-06收治的25例左肝内胆管结石病人采用肝左外叶切除联合术中胆道镜取石术,对其手术情况、术后并发症和近期疗效进行分析。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无死亡病例,术后并发症发生率为12％,术后优良率为92％,结石残余为8％。结论肝左外叶切除联合术中胆道镜治疗左肝内胆管结石是有效手术方式。     

Treatment of postoperative residual hepatolithiasis after progressive sleeting of associated bile duct strictures through the T-tube tract

Purpose: The authors report their experience with the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct strictures associated with hepatolithiasis. Methods: Eighty patients had multiple postoperative retained intrahepatic duct stones trapped behind intrahepatic biliary strictures. Before stone extraction, the strictures were opened gradually by semirigid dilators, followed by stent placement to create enough patency for stone removal. All procedures were carried out through the T-tube tracts and were aided by cholangioscopy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Results: Complete clearance of stones was achieved in 69 patients. Failure to dilate the strictures was due to acute and multiple ductal angulations. These included the right posterior inferior intrahepatic duct at its junction with the left intrahepatic ducts when it was more than 2 cm distal to the hepatic bifurcation, when the angle between the T-tube tract and the common bile duct was smaller than 90°, and when stones were located in peripheral intrahepatic ducts with more than five angulations. Conclusion: This technique is considered safe and effective for complicated hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic biliary strictures     

胆总管结石取石后复发结石的内镜再治疗

目的：观察内镜对胆总管结石取石后复发结石的治疗效果。方法：选择经上腹部CT或磁共振胰胆管成像（medical rehabititation center of pennsylvania,MRCP）证实、内镜下行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）术后胆总管再发结石48例,均经十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy,EST）,十二指肠乳头球囊扩张术（endoscopic papillo-sphincter balloon dilatation,EPBD）或EST＋EPBD后网篮或球囊取石。结果：48例中44例经内镜取石成功,手术时间为15-56min,平均29min。无一例并发症发生。结论：内镜治疗胆总管结石后可再发结石,经内镜再次取石是治疗EST术后胆总管结石复发的首选方法,安全有效。     

Treatment of bile duct stones: value of laser lithotripsy delivered via percutaneous endoscopy

Extraction of stones from the bile ducts via standard endoscopic techniques, a percutaneous transhepatic approach, or a T-tube track can be unsuccessful. We report our preliminary experience with a combination of percutaneous cholangioscopy and dye laser lithotripsy. Flash lamp-excited dye laser (504 nm) lithotripsy delivered by percutaneous cholangioscopy (12 F) was evaluated in 13 patients with stones in the bile ducts. Conventional endoscopic treatment had not been attempted in 4 patients after hepaticojejunostomy and had failed in 3 patients after gastric bypass surgery or gastrectomy, and in 6 patients because of technical difficulties, i. e. due mainly to largeness of stones. In 12 patients a percutaneous transhepatic route was used. In 1 patient the T-tube track was used as access to the bile ducts. Laser lithotripsy resulted in successful fragmentation of stones in 12 patients (92%). The bile ducts cleared spontaneously in 2 patients only. Using additional techniques, i. e. sphincterotomy and stent insertion, the overall combined success rate for duct clearance after laser fragmentation was 100%. Four patients had a retrograde endoscopic sphincterotomy after failed attempts for stone removal at endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy. Two patients had an antegrade fluoroscopically monitored sphincterotomy. Bleeding complications occured in 2 patients. This accounted for a high rate (15%) of severe complications. The intrahepatic bleeding in 1 patient was due to an intrahepatic vessel injury by the 13-F sheath. The periampullary bleeding in the other patient occurred after an antegrade papillotomy. Pulsed dye laser lithotripsy proved to be an effective technique in patients with difficult bile duct stones. The main problem of a percutaneous approach is the complete removal of the fragmented stones, which requires additional procedures in most cases. The percutaneous access is time-consuming and bears a relatively high risk of major bleeding complications. It should therefore be restricted to cases in which conventional endoscopic procedures are impossible or unsuccessful. Correspondence to: H.-J. Brambs