冠脉内压力导丝测定静息Pd/Pa值可以预测血流储备分数

目的探讨静息状态下冠脉狭窄远端压力与主动脉根部或冠脉口部压力的比值（Pd/Pa）与血流储备分数（FFR）之间的关系。方法回顾性分析在北京大学第三医院住院的84例患者中接受冠脉内压力导丝评估的103处病变的数据。多体位选择性冠脉造影,QCA评价病变直径狭窄程度。结果静息Pd/Pa值与FFR具有线性相关性（r=0.78;P〈0.0001）,以FFR值≤0.75来定义为缺血临界值时,当静息Pd/Pa≤0.86时,其预测缺血的阳性预测值可达95%,而当Pd/Pa值≥0.93时,其预测缺血阴性的预测值也达95%。结论静息Pd/Pa值与FFR具有明显的相关性,通过静息Pd/Pa值预测FFR缺血界值具有较高的阳性和阴性预测值,这提示在压力-病变功能评估中部分患者能够避免使用腺苷等微循环扩张剂,达到减少药物相关反应和手术过程的目的 。     

冠脉腔内心电图评估急性心肌梗死短期预后的价值

目的 研究冠状动脉腔内心电图在急性心肌梗死短期预后评估中的意义。方法 选取2021年2月至2023年2月本院收治的患者68例,根据冠状动脉腔心电图（IC-ECG）显示ST段发生有意义改变与否分为A组（有变化）和B组（无变化）。比较两组患者血清标志物水平、冠脉血流储备分数（FFR）的差异性。结果 共选入病例68例,通过FFR测量系统测定,FFR≤0.80组39例,FFR>0.80组29例;ST段表现为有意义变化有47例,无意义变化有21例;以FFR≤0.8为冠脉狭窄阳性病变参考标准,IC-ECG预测FFR异常的敏感性为89.74%,特异性为58.62%,阳性预测值为74.47%,阴性预测值为80.95%;A组血清中脑钠肽（BNP）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白I(c TnI)水平和FFR值均高于B组（P<0.05）;随访30天,A组发生不良心血管事件高于B组（P<0.05）。结论 IC-ECG显示ST段发生有意义变化患者血清标志物水平与FFR值明显高于无变化患者,且不良心血管事件发生率差异显著,IC-ECG对于患者短期预后评估有一定参考价值。     

320排动态容积CT结合ECT预测老年前降支单支病变致血流储备分数<0.75的价值

目的以冠状动脉血流储备分数(FFR)为金标准,预测320排动态容积CT(320CT)结合ECT评价FFR0.75的准确性。方法连续入选临床诊断不稳定性心绞痛(UA)且冠脉320CT提示前降支(LAD)单支病变的老年患者72例,行ECT静息和运动负荷试验检查,二者结合与冠状动脉造影联合FFR比较,评价其预测FFR0.75的价值。结果 320CT示LAD狭窄超过50%联合ECT预测FFR0.75的敏感度为98%,特异度为86%,阳性预测值为94%,阴性预测值为95%;以320CT示LAD狭窄超过75%联合ECT预测FFR0.75的敏感度为96%,特异度为85%,阳性预测值为96%,阴性预测值为85%。结论当病变局限在LAD时,联合ECT和320排CT对预测LAD病变的功能学有较大价值,以320CT示狭窄超过50%为阳性标准时预测价值更高。     

冠脉支架术后ST段改变的临床意义

本研究的目的在于明确平板运动试验对冠脉成形术后再狭窄的评判作用,并阐述运动试验假阳性与心功能之间的关系.我们选择左冠状动脉支架后病人30例,于术后6个月行平板运动试验及冠脉造影术.结果,再狭窄组87.5%(7/8)运动试验阳性,无再狭窄组22.7%(5/22)运动试验阳性,其特异性为58.45,对再狭窄的预测值为70.25,无再狭窄组中运动试验阴性组(17例)EF值运动试验阳性组(5例)明显增高.提示平板运动试验是评价冠脉成形术后再狭窄的一种简单易行的方法,运动试验假阳性与心功能较差有关.     

心肌血流储备分数与冠心病其他诊断方法的比较

目的:分析心肌血流储备分数(fraction flow reserve,FFR)与冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)、心电图、运动试验、心肌核素显象的关联性以及FFR是否与伴高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常相关。方法:65例患者入选本研究,CAG目测其直径狭窄率范围并取其平均值。分别做连续型变量间的相关性分析和离散型变量间的相关性分析。以FFR0.75为界限值,采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)选择CAG测量的每个指标的截断点,评价CAG测量指标的灵敏度、特异度。结果:65例血管病变的平均直径狭窄率36.60(29.20,50.00)%,FFR平均水平0.85(0.75,0.88)。FFR与CAG直径狭窄率呈负相关(r=-0.692,P0.01)。以FFR0.75为界限值,得出CAG直径狭窄率≥47.6%,面积狭窄率≥72.5%为截断点,最终得出:灵敏度=0.867,特异度=0.88,阳性预测值=68.4%,阴性预测值=95.7%。以FFR0.75为界限值,将变量FFR分为FFR≥0.75和FFR0.75组,两组在伴高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常及与心电图、运动试验、核素心肌显像方面无显著差异性。结论:①以FFR0.75为参考值,在CAG示血管直径狭窄率≥47.6%,面积狭窄率≥72.5%时,可引起冠脉较严重的功能狭窄;②FFR值反映血管功能狭窄,与是否伴高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常无关;③以FFR为标准,心电图、运动实验、核素心肌显像诊断冠心病准确性不足。     

冠状动脉内心电图对分叉病变中分支心肌缺血的判断价值

目的:研究冠状动脉(冠脉)内心电图对分叉病变中分支心肌缺血的判断价值。方法:对65例冠脉分叉病变患者,采用Cross-over治疗策略。主支支架植入前后,进行冠脉造影和分支血管冠脉内心电图检查,并对分支血管进行心肌血流储备分数(FFR)检测。结果:主支支架植入后,分支血管明显狭窄,狭窄率达(65.1±21.4)%,较主支支架植入前(30.1±23.1)%差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冠脉内心电图ST段变化≥0.1mV的20例患者中,17例FFR≤0.80;冠脉内心电图ST段变化<0.1mV的45例患者中,4例FFR≤0.80。以FFR≤0.80作为判断分支狭窄病变引起心肌缺血的标准,冠脉内心电图变化对分支心肌缺血预测的敏感性为81%,特异性为93%;阳性预测值为85%,阴性预测值为91%。结论:冠脉内心电图能有效判断分支狭窄病变是否引起心肌缺血,具有即刻、便捷、不增加患者费用等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

冠心病介入术后平板运动试验的随访价值

目的评价冠心病介入术后平板运动试验的随访价值。方法对PCI术后6～9个月之间同时完成平板运动试验和冠脉造影的923例患者进行回顾性对比分析。结果923例PCI术后患者中平板运动试验阳性239例,阴性648例;冠脉造影阳性198例,阴性725例。平板运动试验诊断PCI术后支架内再狭窄及新发病变的敏感性72.3%,特异性86.8%,准确度为83.9%,阳性预测值为60.3%,阴性预测值为92.1%。结论平板运动试验是有效评价冠心病PCI术后疗效的重要无创检查之一。     

平板运动试验假阳性相关因素的分析

目的 探讨活动平板运动试验假阳性相关影响因素,调整观察参数,提高心电图活动平板运动试验评估冠脉病变的价值.方法 收集整理2012年1月至2014年6月因疑似冠心病在苏州九龙医院心脏中心接受活动平板运动试验、结果阳性的94例患者,所有患者均在平板运动试验后1w内行冠脉造影检查.根据造影结果将其分为真阳性组(A组)和假阳性组(B组),对比分析两组各项临床资料及活动平板试验数据.结果 真阳性组和假阳性组在性别、最大运动耐量(Mets)、运动峰值、心率收缩压乘积方面有显著差异(p＜0.05),A组平板运动试验中最大心率与运动终止后2 min心率的差值显著低于B组;A组平板运动试验终止后3 min收缩压与运动终止1 min收缩压的比值、包含2个以上冠心病危险因子的例数明显大于B组(p＜0.05).结论 活动平板试验参数结合相关的临床资料、血流动力学相关参数,能提高冠脉病变的诊断准确性,对临床诊断冠心病、评估治疗效果和预后等方面可提供有价值的参考.     

深脉分数在冠状动脉临界病变中的诊断价值

目的 以血流储备分数（FFR）为金标准,探讨基于国产软件DEEPVESSEL-FFR的冠状动脉CT血流储备分数（CT-FFR,即深脉分数）,对冠状动脉（冠脉）临界病变的诊断价值。方法 回顾性纳入2019年1月至2020年12月于河南省人民医院阜外华中心血管病医院行侵入性FFR检查的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者17例（25支血管,血管直径均超过2.0 mm）,入选患者冠脉狭窄程度为50%～80%。采用DEEPVESSEL-FFR软件计算CT-FFR值,当CT-FFR≤0.8时认为狭窄具有血流动力学意义。计算并分析DEEPVESSEL-FFR在患者及血管水平诊断冠脉临界狭窄的准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,同时绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）。结果 共纳入17例患者,25支病变血管。以FFR为金标准,DEEPVESSEL-FFR在患者水平的准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为84.0%、88.9%、87.5%、88.9%、87.5%。在血管水平的准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为88.2%、81.8%、85.7%、81.8%、85...     

计算机断层摄影术冠状动脉造影对血流储备的评价

目的:计算机断层摄影术冠状动脉(冠脉)造影(CTA)评价血流储备的准确性及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2013-10至2015-10于第四军医大学唐都医院、陕西省人民医院住院患者43例,男29例(67.4%),平均年龄(60.2±10.1)岁。入选患者均在冠脉造影术前1周内行CTA检查,两项检查的间隔时间均为(5.4±1.6)d。选择冠脉临界病变(狭窄50%~70%)为靶血管,经导管压力导丝测定血流储备分数(FFR),记录相关影像数据,计算CTA测定的血流储备分数(FFRCT)。结果:入选43例患者中共计48段冠脉为靶血管,以FFR为金标准,FFRCT诊断准确性83.3%,敏感性75.0%,特异性89.3%,阳性预测值83.3%,阴性预测值83.3%;与FFR呈显著相关(r=0.704,P0.001);Bland-Altman分析显示95%一致界限为(-0.12~0.16),95.8%(46/48)点落在一致性界限内,4.2%(2/48)点在95%一致性界限外,两者具有良好一致性;受试者工作特征曲线下面积0.871(95%可信区间:0.770~0.973)。结论:CTA能够准确评价血流储备,有望成为指导冠脉临界病变治疗策略选择的检查方法。     

Long-term clinical outcomes after deferral of percutaneous coronary intervention of intermediate coronary stenoses based on coronary pressure-derived fractional flow reserve

Coronary pressure-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been used to evaluate functional severity of coronary artery stenoses. The cut-off point of 0.75 was considered to be the indication for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this study, we examined the prognosis of patients in whom PCI was deferred because the lesion was not significant by FFR (≥0.75). We measured FFR of 44 patients (50 lesions with angiographically intermediate stenoses by pressure wire between 2002 and 2009. Out of 44 patients (50 lesions), functionally non-significant stenoses with FFR≥0.75 were 29 patients (33 lesions) and PCI was deferred. In the remaining 15 patients (17 lesions), FFR was <0.75 and PCI was performed. Patients were followed up for an average period of 53 months with endpoints of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, PCI, and coronary artery bypass grafting). The rate of MACE was 2/29 (6.9%) in patients with FFR≥0.75 and 2/15 (13.3%) in those with FFR<0.75, and it was not statistically different between the two groups. Since long-term clinical outcomes after deferral of PCI of intermediate coronary stenoses based on FFR were excellent (annual event rate 1.6%/year), FFR is a useful index to judge the indication of PCI and risk-stratify patients for MACE.     

活动平板试验对评估冠状动脉狭窄程度的预测价值

目的 为了明确活动平板试验与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系。方法 选取冠状动脉造影阳性且造影1周前后作活动平板试验115例,冠状动脉造 通用直径法确定冠状动脉狭窄程度并与活动平板试验中心电活动改变对比观察。结果 平板运动中ST下移出现越早,ST段下移程度越大,持续时间越长冠状动脉狭窄越重,相反ST段下移出现晚,下移程度小,提示冠状动脉病变程度轻。冠状动脉造影阳性而平板运动试验阴性者,多为单支或轻度病变。结论 活动平板运动试验可估测冠状动脉狭窄程度。     

Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess moderately severe coronary lesions: correlation with dobutamine stress echocardiography

BACKGROUND: New techniques to evaluate coronary artery disease, such as calculation of myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) with a guidewire and pressure transducer, provide a functional assessment of coronary lesions. The present study was designed to determine the correlation between FFR and dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with moderately severe coronary stenosis in order to judge the usefulness of FFR for commonly encountered clinical problems. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 21 patients with 23 moderately severe coronary artery stenoses on angiography. The FFR was calculated and dobutamine stress echocardiography was performed to detect ischemia. Of the 16 stenoses with a negative FFR (> or = 0.75), dobutamine echocardiography also was negative. In the seven stenoses with a positive FFR (< 0.75), dobutamine echocardiography was positive in three. The efficacy of FFR in detecting ischemia that was confirmed with stress echocardiography was sensitivity 100%, specificity 80%, positive and negative predictive value 42.8%, and 100%, respectively, with a global predictive value 82.6%. A moderate degree of correlation was found between the two diagnostic tests (kappa [kappa] = 0.51). CONCLUSIONS: FFR correlates moderately well with dobutamine stress echocardiography in the assessment of moderately severe lesions in patients for whom coronary arteriography is usually indicated. However, its high negative predictive value makes FFR a useful aid in reaching clinical decisions promptly in the hemodynamics laboratory.     

平板运动试验与动态心电图联合检测对冠状动脉病变的预测价值

目的 为明确平板运动试验与动态心电图联合检测对冠状动脉病变的预测意义。方法 选取冠状动脉造影患者、且造影前或造影后2月内作平板运动试验和动态心电图者185例,冠状动脉造影以通用直径法确定冠状动脉狭窄程度和范围,并与平板运动试验和动态心电图结果对比观察。结果 95例平板运动试验和动态心电图结果均阳性者,94例存在冠状动脉病变,7例仅动态心电图阳性者6例有冠状动脉病变而53例仅平板运动结试验阳性者42例有冠状动脉病变,30例动态心电图和平板运动结试验均阴性者仅1例有轻度冠状动脉病变。结论 平板运动试验与动态心电图联合检测可初步估测冠状动脉狭窄。     

Impact of fractional flow reserve measurement on the clinical management of patients with coronary artery disease evaluated with noninvasive stress tests prior to cardiac catheterization

PurposeFractional flow reserve (FFR) is often performed to assess the severity of coronary artery stenoses. However, the usefulness of measuring FFR when a noninvasive test has been obtained prior to coronary angiography has not been studied.Methods and materialsWe retrospectively reviewed 122 patients who underwent noninvasive stress test with cardiac imaging (SPECT or stress echocardiography) prior to FFR assessment of a coronary lesion. The usefulness of FFR measurement was determined. FFR was judged useful if decision to revascularize the patient reflected the result of FFR rather than the result of the stress test.ResultsA total of 136 lesions were evaluated. Of these, 66 were associated with a positive noninvasive test and 70 had no ischemia present in the territory of the evaluated vessel. When FFR was negative (≥0.75) and the test positive (57 lesions), revascularization was deferred in 55. When FFR was positive (<0.75) and the functional test negative (8 lesions), revascularization was performed in 8. FFR measurement changed the clinical decision to revascularize the patient in 55 (83%) of the 66 lesions with ischemia documented on noninvasive tests compared to 8 (11%) of the 70 lesions without ischemia (P<.0001).ConclusionFFR can be helpful in patients with coronary artery disease even when noninvasive testing is performed prior to coronarography. In this study, FFR measurement had the greatest impact in the evaluation of lesions with documented ischemia on noninvasive tests. In these patients, appropriate use of FFR based on the operator's judgment can prevent unnecessary revascularizations of intermediate lesions.     

踏板运动试验对评估冠状动脉狭窄严重程度的意义

为明确踏板运动试验与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系,选取115例冠状动脉造影阳性、且于造影前或造影后1周作踏板运动试验的患者,观察以直径法确定的冠状动脉狭窄程度和范围与踏板运动试验结果对比.结果显示:踏板运动试验中ST段压低出现越早、ST段压低程度越大、持续时间越长、出现ST段压低的导联数目越多,冠状动脉狭窄越重.冠状动脉造影阳性而踏板运动试验阴性者,多为单支或轻度病变.认为踏板运动试验可初步估测冠状动脉狭窄程度.     

Usefulness of fractional flow reserve in determining the indication of target lesion revascularization.

The objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of fractional flow reserve (FFR) in determining the indication of target lesion revascularization (TLR) at follow-up angiography after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). One hundred forty-seven patients with 155 lesions that had intermediate restenosis took part in this study. FFR was measured in all patients for the evaluation of stenosis severity. Then TLR was performed when FFR was < 0.75, and TLR was deferred when FFR was > or = 0.75. Patients in whom TLR was deferred were followed up clinically (25 +/- 11 months). In 98 patients (67%) who underwent stress myocardial scintigraphy before angiography, the results of the scintigraphy were compared with FFR results. TLR was performed in 34 lesions (22%). After TLR, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society class decreased significantly (from 1.5 +/- 0.7 to 1.1 +/- 0.5; P < 0.05). In 113 patients who did not undergo TLR, only 4 patients (3.5%) had cardiac events (re-PCI in 1 patient and a positive SPECT in 3 patients). Discordance between the results of scintigraphy and FFR was observed in 30 patients (30%), but the patients who had good values of FFR > or = 0.75 showed a nil event rate (0%). FFR might be useful for the determination of the indication of TLR.     

Intravascular ultrasound criteria for the assessment of the functional significance of intermediate coronary artery stenoses and comparison with fractional flow reserve

The functional significance of coronary artery stenoses of intermediate severity is important in determining strategy in patient care. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is often used to evaluate coronary stenosis severity. However, at present, few data are available about the role IVUS in the assessment of functional significance of intermediate lesions. Myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) <0.75 is a reliable index of a functionally severe coronary stenosis. In 53 lesions we assessed (1) by pressure wire: FFR (index of functional significance), and (2) by IVUS: minimal lumen cross-sectional area (MLA, square millimeters), minimal lumen diameter (MLD, millimeters), lesion length (millimeters), and percent area stenosis at the lesion site. By regression analysis, percent area stenosis and lesion length had a significant inverse correlation with FFR (r = -0.58, p <0.001, r = -0.41, p <0.004, respectively). MLD and MLA showed a significant positive relation with FFR (r = 0.51, p <0.001, r = 0.41, p <0.004, respectively). By using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we identified a percent area stenosis > 70% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 68%), a MLD < or = 1.8 mm (sensitivity 100%, specificity 66%), a MLA < or =4.0 mm2 (sensitivity 92%, specificity 56%), and a lesion length of >10 mm (sensitivity 41%, specificity 80%) to be the best cut-off values to fit with a FFR <0.75. The combined evaluation of both percent area stenosis and MLD made the IVUS examination more specific (sensitivity 100%, specificity 76%). In 53 intermediate coronary lesions found by angiography, IVUS area stenosis >70%, MLD < or =1.8 mm, MLA < or =4.0 mm2, and lesion length > 10 mm reliably identified functionally critical intermediate coronary stenoses.     

Usefulness of fractional flow reserve for risk stratification of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and an intermediate stenosis

Intracoronary-derived, pressure-based fractional flow reserve (FFR) is important for clinical decision-making in patients with 1-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of FFR in patients with intermediate stenoses and multivessel CAD. Therefore, we analyzed 107 patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and showed no perfusion defects in the region of the intermediate lesion. At angiography, FFR was determined distal to the intermediate lesion. FFR was abnormal (i.e., <0.75) in 15 of 107 stenoses (14%). Angioplasty of the intermediate stenosis was deferred based on the absence of a perfusion defect. Patients were followed for 1 year to document major cardiac events related to the intermediate lesion. At 1-year follow-up, a total of 12 (11%: no deaths, 3 myocardial infarctions, 2 coronary bypass operations, 7 coronary angioplasties) events occurred in the entire group that were related to the intermediate lesion. The event rate was significantly higher when angioplasty was deferred despite FFR <0.75 compared with the group with FFR > or = 0.75 (4 of 15 [27%] vs 8 of 92 [9%]; p <0.041). The relative risk of FFR for predicting cardiac events (mainly revascularization procedures) was 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 8.9; p <0.05). In conclusion, deferral of angioplasty of intermediate coronary narrowings is safe based on FFR > or = 0.75 in this patient cohort; this coincides with previous reports in patients with 1-vessel CAD. Furthermore, these results suggest that FFR is more useful than single-photon emission computed tomography for clinical decision-making and risk stratification in patients with multivessel CAD.     

Coronary pressure measurement based decision making for percutaneous coronary intervention

The fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a simple, reliable, and reproducible physiologic index of lesion severity. In patients with intermediate stenosis, FFR≥0.75 can be used to safely defer percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and patients with FFR≥0.75 have a very low cardiac event rate. Coronary pressure measurement can determine which lesion should be treated with PCI in patients with tandem lesions, and PCI on the basis of FFR has been demonstrated to result in an acceptably low repeat PCI rate. FFR can identify patients with equivocal left main coronary artery disease who benefit from coronary bypass surgery. Coronary pressure measurement distinguishes patients with an abrupt pressure drop pattern from those with a gradual pressure drop pattern, and the former group of patients benefit from PCI. Coronary pressure measurement is clinically useful in evaluating sufficient recruitable coronary collateral blood flow for prevention of ischemia, which affects future cardiac events. FFR is useful for the prediction of restenosis after PCI. As an end-point of PCI, FFR ≥0.95 and ≥0.90 would be appropriate for coronary stenting and coronary angioplasty, respectively. In summary, if you encounter a coronary stenosis in doubt you should measure pressure rather than dilate it.