CT引导下颈侧入路射频热凝合并无水乙醇毁损术治疗舌咽神经痛

目的 探讨CT引导下颈侧入路舌咽神经射频热凝合并无水乙醇毁损术对舌咽神经痛的疗效。 方法 对35例舌咽神经痛患者在CT引导下采用颈侧入路经皮穿刺,进行舌咽神经射频热凝合并无水乙醇毁损术,观察术前、术后1周及出院随访时的疼痛情况、情绪评分以及并发症。 结果 28例患者术后疼痛消失,4例术后疼痛减轻,余3例合并三叉神经痛患者术后接受半月神经节射频毁损术,术后疼痛消失。随访期间30例疼痛消失无复发,2例在出院1个月内疼痛消失,1例部分缓解,2例患者术后6个月复发。所有患者视觉模拟评分疼痛与情绪评分明显降低,无严重并发症发生。 结论 CT引导下颈侧入路射频热凝合并无水乙醇毁损术治疗舌咽神经痛安全、疗效可靠,定位准确,可有效降低严重并发症的发生率。     

三叉神经射频热凝微创术20例的护理

我科2006-11~2007-04采用半月神经节射频热凝毁损术治疗顽固性三叉神经痛患者20例,效果显著,护理体会如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男8例,女12例,年龄30~75岁,其中45岁以上18例。单纯性三叉神经痛16例,三叉神经痛和舌咽神经痛4例;有高血压病史9例,听力下降1例。术前均行常规检查,脑部CT排除继发性三叉神经痛。出院后随访4个月均无复发。所有患者均先行药物治疗,其中2例辅助外周神经阻滞,经上述治疗仍不能有效控制疼痛时行半月神经节射频温控热凝。1.2手术方法患者均采用全麻。经皮行半月神经节射频温控热凝毁损术,温度控制在68℃、78℃、…     

CT引导下脉冲射频治疗原发性舌咽神经痛的围手术期护理

对28例原发性舌咽神经痛患者在CT引导下经颈外侧入路经皮行舌咽神经脉冲射频治疗。28例患者均经一次射频治疗,25例疼痛完全消失,3例疼痛明显缓解,术后1周、3月、6月随访无复发,且所有患者均无明显并发症发生。 强调在手术治疗过程中,做好充分的术前准备,术中严格无菌操作,术后密切观察,予以针对性的护理,使患者积极配合手术,减轻患者痛苦,减少疼痛复发。     

CT引导下半月神经节射频热凝加阿霉素毁损治疗三叉神经痛的疗效分析

目的观察CT引导下半月神经节射频热凝加阿霉素毁损治疗三叉神经痛的远近期疗效。方法对68例三叉神经痛患者CT引导下行半月神经节射频热凝加阿霉素毁损治疗。观察并记录术前后的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),进行疗效评估,并随访2年,观察复发率。结果治疗后各时段VAS评分均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后7 d后各时段与术后1 d疼痛VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后30 d后各时段与术后7 d疼痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后疗效各时段相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CT引导下半月神经节射频热凝加阿霉素毁损治疗三叉神经痛,可以提高疗效,降低复发率,减少并发症,是一种治疗三叉神经痛的安全有效方法。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔热凝治疗三叉神经痛46例分析

目的：探讨CT引导下半月神经节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛的方法及临床应用。方法：46例患者均根据典型的病史、体征作出三叉神经痛诊断。在CT引导下应用Hartel前入路法经皮穿刺卵圆孔,进行温控射频热凝毁损。结果：术后疼痛完全消失38例,减轻6例,无缓解2例,总有效率95．7％（44／46）,治疗后6个月,4例复发,复发率8．7％（4／46）。并发症少而轻微,无严重并发症。结论：CT引导下经皮穿刺卵圆孔热凝治疗三叉神经痛疗效可靠,并且提高了穿刺的成功率及精确性,是一种微创、可重复操作的技术,可供临床推广应用。     

CT引导下腹腔神经丛毁损性阻滞治疗顽固性胰腺癌痛的临床观察

目的：观察CT引导下腹腔神经丛毁损性阻滞对顽固性胰腺癌痛的镇痛效果、并发症及对患者生活质量的影响。方法：46例顽固性胰腺癌症疼痛患者，在CT引导监视下经背侧入路经皮穿刺，行腹腔神经丛无水酒精阻滞治疗。结果：治疗后1周内全部患者疼痛减轻或消失。在治疗后第7、14、30、60、90天，患者的疼痛评分、疼痛缓解率、生活质量均明显改善，大多数患者临终前无痛或仅轻度疼痛。治疗过程中和治疗后未发生严重并发症。结论：CT引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗顽固性胰腺癌痛的疗效确切，安全性高。     

CT引导下腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗慢性顽固性腹部癌痛

目的：观察CT引导下腹腔神经丛毁损性阻滞对顽固性腹部癌痛的镇痛效果及患者生活质量的影响。方法：74例顽固性腹部癌症疼痛患者，在CT引导监视下经背侧入路经皮穿刺腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞治疗。结果：治疗后一周内全部患者疼痛减轻或消失。在治疗后第7、14、30、60天，患者的疼痛评分、疼痛缓解率、生活质量均明显改善，大多数患者临终前无痛或仅轻度疼痛。治疗过程中和治疗后未发生严重并发症。结论：CT引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞治疗顽固性腹部癌痛的疗效确切，安全性高．     

三叉神经射频热凝术后并发症护理

目的总结三叉神经射频热凝术后并发症的护理方式。方法 38例三叉神经痛患者行CT引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经射频热凝毁损术。术前做好心理护理及沟通,术后加强病情观察、积极预防并发症。术后随访,VAS评分评估患者疼痛,并记录并发症发生情况。结果患者VAS评分较治疗前显著下降(P0.05)。并发症方面,术后面部感觉迟钝36例、咀嚼困难2例、面部肿胀3例、角膜炎1例。结论三叉神经痛患者经三叉神经射频热凝术后应积极加强并发症的预防和护理。     

CT三维成像引导下半月神经节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛

目的 观察CT三维成像引导下经皮卵圆孔穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛的有效性及安全性.方法 对48例三叉神经痛患者在CT引导下,以前入路法穿刺半月神经节后行射频热凝治疗.结果 48例卵圆孔穿刺均顺利完成,45例治疗后疼痛消失,2例减轻,1例无效.术后随访3 ～18个月,复发1例,46例术后出现面部感觉麻木,7例咀嚼力减弱,无其他并发症.结论 CT三维成像引导经皮卵圆孔穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛有效、安全.     

CT 引导下腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗慢性腹部癌痛的护理

目的:总结CT引导下腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗慢性顽固性腹部癌痛的护理经验.方法:对23例行CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇阻滞治疗顽固性疼痛的晚期肿瘤患者术前进行心理护理及术前指导,术中及术后进行及时有效的支持、对症护理.结果:所有患者均未出现严重的并发症.术后部分患者出现发热、局部疼痛、体位性低血压和腹泻症状,经对症处理后症状消失.术后1周内慢性顽固性腹部疼痛均显著减轻或消失.结论:术前心理护理以及术中、术后及时有效的支持、对症护理,对行CT引导下腹腔神经丛毁损术治疗的患者有较好的效果.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.