乙型肝炎病毒基因s区准种特点与临床转归关系的初步研究

目的 初步探讨hbv基因s区的准种特点与乙型肝炎病毒(hbv)感染临床转归的关系.方法 选择慢性hbv携带者、慢性乙型肝炎患者、慢性重型肝炎患者各3例,所有患者均为男性,且hbv基因型均为c型.扩增患者血清中hbv基因s区片段并克隆,每份样本挑选20个克隆进行测序,并用spss 15.0软件进行统计分析.结果 慢性hbv携带者以及慢性乙型肝炎患者的hbv基因s区准种复杂度小于慢性重型乙型肝炎患者,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.7,p=0.26).对于hbv s区t细胞表位的第45、47和85位氨基酸,慢性乙型肝炎患者的准种构成情况比hbv携带者复杂(p=0.01),与慢性重型乙型肝炎的差别无统计学意义(p=0.06),计算机模拟分析提示优势克隆和非优势克隆的t细胞表位均能与ctl受体有效结合.结论 hbv基因s区部分t细胞表位的准种构成差异可能与hbv慢性感染的临床转归相关. abstract： objective to investigate the association of hepatitis b virus(hbv) s gene quasispecies with the outcome of hbv infection.methods serum samples were collected from three chronic hbv carriers, three chronic hepatitis b and three chronic severe hepatitis b patients.all subjects were male and with hbv genotype c.hbv s gene was amplified, and 20 clones of hbv fragment were randomly selected and sequenced from each sample.spss 15.0 software was adopted for analysis.results quasispecies complexity of hbv s gene in chronic hbv carriers and chronic hepatitis b tended lower than that of the severe chronic hepatitis b, but the difference was not of statistical significance (p＞0.05).in t cell epitope 45, 47, 85 amino acid sites of the hbv s gene, the constitution of quasispecies in the chronic hepatitis b was more complex than that of the hbv carriers (p=0.01), but compared with the severe chronic hepatitis, the difference was not significant (p=0.06).the computer model showed that both the dominant clones and the non dominant clones could effectively bind to the receptors of cytotoxic t lymphocytes.conclusion quasispecies in some t cell epitopes of hbv s gene may be related with the clinical outcome of hepatitis b.     

轻度慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏细胞外基质和超微结构改变与临床相关性分析

目的 探讨轻度慢性乙型肝炎(chb)患者细胞外基质和肝脏超微结构改变与临床的相关性.方法 选择慢性hbv感染者为研究对象,将其分为轻度chb组(66例)和慢性hbv携带组(10例).对所有患者采集血清,并行肝穿刺活检,光镜和电镜下观察样本,将结果与血清生化学等指标进行对比分析.计量资料比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用χ2检验,等级资料相关性使用非参数spearman 分析.结果 轻度chb组和慢性hbv携带组在alt和ast两项指标上比较差异有统计学意义(t=12.42和7.06,p＜0.05),但hbv dna水平差异无统计学意义(t=0.24,p＞0.05).两组患者血清肝纤维化指标(透明质酸、Ⅲ型胶原、Ⅳ型胶原和层黏连蛋白)差异均无统计学意义(t=0.45、0.95、0.76和1.21,p值均＞0.05).光镜组织学结果显示,轻度chb组中,g2、s2以上的患者为33例,慢性hbv携带组为2例,两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.17,p＜0.05).轻度chb组s3～4的患者(17例)明显多于慢性hbv携带组(0例,χ2=4.75,p＜0.05).电镜超微结构表现,狄氏间隙胶原纤维增生、汇管区扩大、贮脂细胞增生等反映肝脏纤维化相关的指标与光镜下纤维化分级相关系数分别为0.351、0.675和0.301(p值分别为0.004、0.000和0.014).结论 电镜下肝脏超微结构改变敏感性较光镜高,对轻度chb患者的病情评估具有重要价值. abstract： objective to investigate the correlations of extracellular matrix and hepatic ultramicrostructural changes with clinical manifestations in patients with mild chronic hepatitis b (chb).methods patients with chronic hbv infections were enrolled and were divided into mild chb group (n=66) and hbv carrier group (n=10).serum samples were collected from patients, and serum hbv markers, hbv dna load and liver fibrosis indexes were measured.all subjects received liver biopsy, and the tissue samples were observed by light microscope and electron microscope.t test and χ2 test were performed for measurement data and enumeration data, respectively.spearman test was used for ranked data.results the differences on alt and ast levels between mild chb group and hbv carrier group were significant (t=12.42, 7.06, p＜0.05), but there was no significant difference on hbv dna load between two groups (t=0.24, p ＞ 0.05).serum liver fibrosis indexes (hyaluronic acid, type Ⅲ collagen,type Ⅳ collagen and laminin protein) in mild chb group were not significantly higher than those in hbv carrier group (t=0.45, 0.95, 0.76 and 1.21, p ＞0.05).in mild chb group, there were 33 patients with ≥g2 and ≥s2, but in hbv carrier group were only 2 patients (χ2=4.17, p ＜ 0.05).seventeen patients in mild chb group were with s3-4, while that was not observed in hbv carrier group (χ2=4.75, p ＜0.05).in mild chb group, hepatic ultramicrostrutural changes on fat storing cell, collagen protein and portal area were correlated with fibrosis grades, and the correlation coefficients were 0.351, 0.675 and 0.301, respectively (p=0.004, 0.000 and 0.014).conclusion electron microscope is of higher sensitivity than light microscope in observing hepatic ultramicrostructural changes, which is effective in evaluating the severity of mild chb.     

广州市慢性丙型肝炎医保策略改变对患者生活质量的影响

目的 研究聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a抗病毒治疗对慢性丙型肝炎患者生活质量的干预作用,并评估广州市慢性丙型肝炎医保策略对患者生活质量的影响.方法 应用生活质量评定问卷(gqoli-74),对102例慢性丙型肝炎患者生活质量进行评估,其中,42例为广州市医保缴费的聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a治疗组,30例为自费聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a治疗组,其余30例未进行干扰素治疗.三组患者均于治疗前、治疗结束时接受测评,每组治疗前后比较采用wilcoxon检验,并用kruskal-wallis检验对三组间的各维度及总分值进行比较.结果 治疗前,三组间躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活维度及总分值比较(医保治疗组分别为55.3、58.8、61.9、60.6和58.5;自费治疗组分别为57.5、60.4、61.1、55.2和58.3;未治疗组分别为58.6、60.3、57.5、54.8和56.4),差异无统计学意义(z=-1.177、-0.846、-1.062、-0.377和-1.085,p值均＞0.05).治疗后,医保治疗组各维度(分别为67.1、76.4、68.1、70.1)及总分值(72.6)均高于未治疗组(分别为54.6、54.0、53.3、57.5和54.6,p＜0.01);自费治疗组除物质生活维度外(56.3),其余3个维度(65.1、65.0和69.6)及总分值(64.3)均高于未治疗组(p＜0.05);医保治疗组心理功能、物质生活维度及总分值高于自费治疗组(p＜0.05).结论聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a治疗可以提高慢性丙型肝炎患者生活质量.由广州市医保缴费的聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a治疗组患者生活质量改善水平高于自费治疗组. abstract： objective to investigate the effect of peg-interferon α-2a therapy on the quality of life (qol) of patients with chronic hepatitis c,and to evaluate the effect of healthcare insurance policy in guangzhou city on these patients.methods totally 102 patients with chronic hepatitis c were enrolled.forty-two patients (group a) were treated with peg-interferon α-2a plus ribavirin whose medical expenses were covered by medical insurance; 30 patients (group b ) received the same therapy but at their own expenses ; and the other 30 patients ( group c) were not treated with peg-interferon α-2a.qol of patients in three groups were investigated using the general quality of life inventory questionnaire (gqoli-74) before and after peg-interferon α-2a treatment.wilcoxon test was used to compare on all scales and total scores before and after treatment in each group,and kruskal-wallis test was performed to compare on all scales and total scores among three groups.results before treatment,the physical function,psychological function,social function,material life and total score of group a were 55.3,58.8,61.9,60.6 and 58.5 ; those of group b were 57.5,60.4,61.1,55.2 and 58.3; those of group c were 58.6,60.3,57.5,54.8 and 56.4.there was no statistic difference on all scales and total scores among three groups (z =- 1.177,- 0.846,- 1.062,-0.377 and - 1.085,p ＞ 0.05).after treatment,group a had higher qol on all scales (67.1,76.4,68.1,70.1) and total score (72.6) than group c (54.6,54.0,53.3,57.5 and 54.6,p ＜0.01) ; group b had higher qol (p ＜0.05) on three scales (65.1,65.0 and 69.6) and total score ( 64.3 ) except material life ( 56.3 ) than group c ; group a had higher qol on psychological function,material life and total score than group b ( p ＜ 0.05 ).conclusions qols of chronic hepatitis c patients treated with peg-interferon α-2a are higher than those without peg-interferon α-2a treatment.patients whose medical expenses are covered by medical insurance may have higher qols than those at their own expenses.     

恩替卡韦治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭的疗效和预测因素研究

目的 评价恩替卡韦治疗慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭的疗效以及影响疗效的相关因素.方法 108例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者分为恩替卡韦治疗组(53例)和对照组(55例),观察患者入组后48周内不同时点hbv dna载量、肝功能以及存活状况,应用cox regression模型分析影响恩替卡韦疗效的相关因素.结果 恩替卡韦治疗组和对照组共有70例患者死亡,其中66例发生在12周内.从第3周起,两组患者的累计生存率开始显示出统计学差异(88.7% vs.70.9%,χ2=5.357,p＜0.05).恩替卡韦治疗组48周累计存活率为47.2%(25/53),对照组为23.6%(13/55),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.432,p＜0.01).恩替卡韦治疗组中,年龄≤40岁、总胆红素(tbil)＜513μmol/l、凝血酶原国际标准化比率(inr)＜2.5的患者死亡的相对危险度分别下降74.9%、75.3%和76.0%.结论 恩替卡韦可明显提高慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者的生存率,患者年龄、胆红素水平和凝血功能是影响恩替卡韦疗效的主要因素. abstract： objective to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and its related factors of entecavir treatment for patients with acute on chronic hepatitis b liver failure (achblf).methods one hundred and eight patients with achblf were enrolled and divided into entecavir group (n=53) and control group (n=55).hbv dna level, liver function and 48-week survival rate were observed, and c ox regression model was established to identify the factors which may affect the efficacy of entecavir treatment.results totally 70 patients died in the study and 66 died within 12 weeks.the statistical difference on cumulative survival rate between two groups was observed from the third week on (χ2=5.357, p ＜ 0.05).the 48-weekcumulative survival rate in entecavir group was 47.2% (25/53), while that in the control group was 23.6%(13/55) (χ2=7.432, p ＜ 0.01).in entecavir group, for patients aged ＜ 40 with serum bilirubin level ＜513 μnol/l and international normalized ratio (inr) ＜ 2.5, the fatality rates decreased 74.9%, 75.3%and 76.0%, respectively.conclusions entecavir may improve the survival rate of patients with achblf.age, serum bilirubin level and inr are major factors related to the therapeutic efficacy.     

抗-hbc阳性淋巴瘤患者化疗期间应用拉米夫定抗病毒治疗预防肝功能损害和hbv激活

目的 探讨拉米夫定对乙型肝炎核心抗体(抗-hbc)阳性淋巴瘤患者化疗后病毒激活和肝功能损害的预防作用.方法 79例hbsag(-)而抗-hbc(+)的淋巴瘤患者分为拉米夫定治疗组(37例)和对照组(42例).两组患者均进行联合化疗,期间观察肝功能损害和hbv激活情况,并用ssps 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 预防性应用拉米夫定治疗的37例患者中,化疗后出现肝功能损害Ⅰ～Ⅱ期11例(29.7%),Ⅲ～Ⅳ期2例(5.4%),hbv激活2例(5.4%),而且这2例患者均出现hbv ymdd基因变异.42例化疗时未进行抗病毒治疗的患者中,化疗后出现肝功能损害Ⅰ～Ⅱ期19例(45.2%),Ⅲ～Ⅳ期7例(16.7%),hbv激活12例(28.6%),与拉米夫定治疗组比较差异均具有统计学意义(χ2值分别为79.0、8.7和79.0,p值＜0.05或＜0.01).结论 hbsag(-)而抗-hbc(+)淋巴瘤患者进行化疗时预防性应用拉米夫定可以减少肝脏损害的发生和hbv的激活. abstract： objective to evaluate the effectiveness of lamivudine in preventing liver damages and hbv dna reactivation in anti-hbc positive lymphoma patients after chemotherapy.methods seventy-nine lymphoma patients who were negative in hbsag and positive in anti-hbc were enrolled and were divided into lamivudine group (n=37) and control group (n=42).both groups received chemotherapy.liver damages and hbv reactivation were observed, and the data were analyzed with software spss 13.0.results in lamivudine group, liver damages Ⅰ or Ⅱ was observed in 11 patients (11/37, 29.7%), and liver damages Ⅲ or Ⅳ was observed in 2 (2/37, 5.4%); two patients (2/37, 5.4%) developed hbv reactivation, and both of them had hbv ymdd mutations.in control group, 19 (19/42, 45.2%) patients experienced liver damages Ⅰ or Ⅱ, 7 (7/42, 16.7%) experienced liver damages Ⅲ or Ⅳ; 12 (12/42, 28.6%) patients experienced hbv reactivation, the differences between the two groups were of statistical significance (χ2=79.0, 8.7 and 79.0, p ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).conclusion lamivudine can reduce liver damages and hbv reactivation in hbsag negative and anti-hbc positive patients with lymphoma during chemotherapy.     

hbeag阳性/阴性慢性乙型肝炎的临床病理特征对比分析

目的 探讨hbeag阳性和阴性慢性乙型肝炎(chb)的临床病理学差异.方法 选择2002年6月-2010年1月在宁波市第二医院住院并做活体肝组织穿刺病理学诊断的chb患者665例,其中hbeag阳性组428例,hbeag阴性组237例,对两组患者的血清hbv dna载量、肝组织病理变化结果进行对比分析.采用spss 11.5软件进行统计学处理,计量资料采用t检验(正态分布)或mann-whitney u检验(偏态分布),计数资料用卡方检验,相关性分析采用pearson法.结果 hbeag阴性与阳性患者在肝组织炎症分级和纤维化分期的构成上差异有统计学意义(x2=7.92和10.35,p值均＜0.01),hbeag阴性组的炎症分级、纤维化分期高于hbeag阳性组.hbeag阴性患者血清hbv dna水平在＜3、≥3～＜5 log10拷贝/ml的比例明显高于hbeag阳性组(x2=105.16和36.92,p值均＜0.01),而≥7 log10拷贝/ml所占的比例较hbeag阳性组低(x2=110.18,p＜0.01).随着血清hbv dna水平的上升,hbeag阳性chb患者肝组织炎症分级和纤维化分期呈下降趋势(r=-0.287和-0.224,p＜0.01),而在hbeag阴性chb患者中则呈上升趋势(r=0.360和0.303,p＜0.01).结论 hbeag阴性chb患者肝组织损伤较hbeag阳性患者更加严重,须密切监测. abstract： objective to identify the differences in clinicopathological features between hbeag-positive and hbeag-negative chronic hepatitis b (chb). methods a total of 665 chb patients who were admitted to ningbo no. 2 hospital during june 2002 and january 2010 were enrolled, in which 428 were hbeag-positive and 237 were hbeag-negative. hbv dna loads, live histological inflammation grades and fibrosis stages were compared between two groups. spss 1 1. 5 was used for statistical analysis. for measurement data, t (for normal distribution) or mann-whitney u (for skew distribution) was performed; for enumeration data, chi-square test was performed; and pearson correlation analysis was conducted. results liver inflammatory grade and fibrosis staging in hbeag-negative chb patients were more severe than those in hbeag-positive patients (x2 = 7.92 and 10.35, p ＜ 0. 01 ). the ratio of serum hbv dna levels ＜ 3, ≥3- ＜ 5 log10 copies/ml in hbeag-negative chb patients were significant higher than those in hbeag-positive patients (x2 = 105.16 and 36.92 ,p ＜0.01 ) ; and the ratio of hbv dna ≥7 log10 copies/ml in hbeag-negative group was lower than that in hbeag-positive group (x2 = 110. 18, p ＜0. 01 ). with the rising of serum hbv dna levels, liver inflammatory grade and fibrosis staging in hbeag-positive patients had a descending tendency (r =-0. 287 and-0. 224, p ＜0.01 ), while those in the hbeag-negative group were ascending (r = 0. 360 and 0. 303, p ＜ 0. 01 ). conclusion compared with hbeag-positive chb patients, liver inflammation and tissue damage in hbeag-negative patients are more severe, which need close monitoring.     

慢性hbv感染者肝组织中smad蛋白的表达及其与肝纤维化的相关性

目的 观察smad2/3、smad4、磷酸化smad3( p-smad3)蛋白在人肝纤维化组织中的表达,探讨smad蛋白及其介导的生物学信号在肝纤维化发生中的作用机制.方法 以肝组织活检病理诊断区分131例慢性hbv感染者纤维化程度,免疫组化法检测肝组织中smad2/3、smad4和p-smad3蛋白的表达并进行定量分析.结果smad2/3、smad4、p-smad3蛋白主要见于纤维间隔、汇管区和中央静脉周围成纤维细胞、肝窦及部分肝细胞质内均可见表达.肝组织smad2/3、smad4、p-smad3蛋白与肝纤维化程度有非常显著性正相关(r分别是0.81、0.58和0.68,p=0.000).三种蛋白间也具有非常显著性正相关(r分别是0.75、0.87和0.84,p=0.000).结论 肝组织smad2/3、smad4、p-smad3蛋白表达与慢性hbv感染肝纤维化程度相关,smad2/3、p-smad3、smad4信号的增强可能促讲了肝纤维化的讲展. abstract： objective to evaluate the association of smad2/3,smad4 and p-smad3 protein expressions in tissue with liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hbv infections.methods liver biopsy was performed to determine the liver fibrosis grades in 131 cases of chronic hbv infections.immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative analysis were applied to detect the expression of smad2/3,smad4 and p-smad3 proteins in liver tissues.results smad2/3,smad4 and p-smad3 were detected mainly in fibrous septum,portal areas,myofibroblasts,sinus and cytoplasm in the liver tissue.the expression of smad2/3,smad4 and p-smad3 was increased with the development of fibrosis ( r =0.81,0.58and 0.68,p =0.000),and a strong positive correlation was observed among three proteins (r =0.75,0.87and 0.84,p =0.000).conclusion the expression of smad2/3,smad4 and p-smad3 is correlated with liver fibrosis in chronic hbv infection,which suggests that the up-regulation of smad proteins may be involved in the progression of liver fibrosis.     

DNA甲基转移酶在肝癌中的表达及其临床意义

Objective To investigate the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in liver cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The specimens of liver cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues were collected from 50 patients who received radical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from July 2007 to April 2008. The mRNA and protein expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b in liver cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of DNMTs in the liver cancer tissues was compared with those in the adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues by using t test and Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation between the protein expression of DNMTs in the liver cancer tissue and the clinicopathological features was analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact test, and the tumor-free survival time was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method and the difference in tumor-free survival rate between different patients was analyzed by Log-rank test. Results The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the liver cancer tissue were 2.57, 2.29 and 4.86 times higher than those in the adjacent tissues (t = 3.94, 2. 72, 4. 06, P ＜ 0.05 ). The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b were 2.38,2.14 and 4.66 times higher than those in the cirrhotic tissues, and 6.12, 4.58 and 12.99 times higher than those in the chronic hepatitis tissues. The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the liver cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in the cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues ( U = 587.5,730. 0,562.5; 65.5, 64.5, 71.0, P ＜ 0.05). The protein expression of DNMT1 was correlated with the size, number,TNM stages and vascular invasion of tumors ( x2 = 4.08, 5.95, 4.08, P ＜ 0.05 ). The protein expression of DNMT3a was correlated with the size, number and TNM stages of tumors (x2 = 4.08, 5.95, 4.08, P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean tumor recurrence time of patients with low expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were 9.4 and 8.7 months, which were significantly longer than 5.0 and 3.2 months of those with high expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a (x2 =3.89, 9.91, P＜0.05). Conclusions DNMTs play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.High expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a are correlated with the postoperative recurrence of liver cancer, which are valuable prognostic factors for liver cancer.     

慢性前列腺炎合并前列腺结石的临床研究

Objectives To explore the relationship between chronic prostatitis(CP) and prostatic calculi(PC).Methods 500 normal volunteers and 491 patients with CP were measured PC by transrectal B ultrasongraphy(TAUS) ,The patients were divided into calculi and non-calculi group,CPSI scores were obtained.Results ①Discoverable rate of PC was increased with aging in healthy controls(χ2 = 68,p < 0.001) ; ②Discoverable rate of PC was significant difference in every age segment between healthy controls and CP( p <0.001); discoverable rate of PC was 15.79%、30.09%、55.66%、66.15%、82.76% in every age segment with CP respectively; difference in every age segment was significant(p <0.001) ; ③CPSI scores show no significant difference in calculi and non-calculi group(p>0.05).Conclusions Discoverable rate of PC was increased in CP ,and increased with aging; age and CP are imporetant foctor forming PC.     

慢性前列腺炎合并前列腺结石的临床研究

Objectives To explore the relationship between chronic prostatitis(CP) and prostatic calculi(PC).Methods 500 normal volunteers and 491 patients with CP were measured PC by transrectal B ultrasongraphy(TAUS) ,The patients were divided into calculi and non-calculi group,CPSI scores were obtained.Results ①Discoverable rate of PC was increased with aging in healthy controls(χ2 = 68,p < 0.001) ; ②Discoverable rate of PC was significant difference in every age segment between healthy controls and CP( p <0.001); discoverable rate of PC was 15.79%、30.09%、55.66%、66.15%、82.76% in every age segment with CP respectively; difference in every age segment was significant(p <0.001) ; ③CPSI scores show no significant difference in calculi and non-calculi group(p>0.05).Conclusions Discoverable rate of PC was increased in CP ,and increased with aging; age and CP are imporetant foctor forming PC.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

Study of the correlations between the volumes of the hypophysis, the epiphysis and the subfornical organ to the somatic weight and the volume of the hypothalamus in rodents]

The correlations between volume of the hypophysis, of the epiphysis and of the subfornical organ to body weight and volume of the hypothalamus were studied on 193 rodents belonging to 41 species. Concerning the volume of the hypophyseal lobes the regression slopes of Rodentia occupy an intermediate position between those of Isectivora and Prosimians studied by BAUCHOT. The volume of the epiphysis increases more rapidly with the weight of the body than that of the hypophyseal lobes, the volume of the subfornical organ increases on the contrary more slowly.     

Characteristics of the receptors in the isolated capsule of the hip in the cat

Summary The properties of the afferent fibres from the capsule of the hip joint have been studied in the cat in situ, in relation to joint rotation, and in an isolated capsule preparation which was opened and stretched directly with an actuator.In situ two types of afferent fibres were found, those having a full range of sensitivity and others having only a limited range in response to the joint rotation. When studied in isolated tissue the afferent fibres of the capsule were uniform in threshold and sensitivities, and no full range receptors were found. We conclude that the full range receptors which enter the articular nerve of the hip are spindle afferents and not capsule receptors. On the basis of these and previous results in animals and man the role of joint receptors in kinaesthesia and position sense is discussed.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié les propriétés des nerfs afférents à la capsule de la hanche, chez le chat en imprimant à l'articulation des mouvements de rotation et sur des préparations de capsule isolée et ouverte en l'étirant directement grâce à un dispositif mécanique.In situ, on a trouvé deux types de nerfs afférents, les uns ayant en réponse à la rotation articulaire une étendue complète de sensibilité et les autres seulement une sensibilité limitée. Sur la capsule isolée les nerfs afférents sont indentiques en ce qui concerne le seuil et la sensibilité et on ne trouve aucun récepteur complet. On en conclut que les récepteurs de toute l'étendue de la sensibilité qui pénètrent les nerfs articulaires de la hanche sont des fibres en fuseau d'origine musculaire et non des récepteurs capsulaires. Sur ces bases et sur les résultats précédemment obtenus chez l'animal et chez l'homme, les auteurs discutent le rôle des récepteurs articulaires dans la cénesthésie et le sens des positions.