枸橼酸西地那非治疗男性肾移植受者勃起功能障碍

目的 :评价枸橼酸西地那非治疗肾移植术后勃起功能障碍 (ED)的有效性和安全性。　方法 :随机选择 2 6～ 5 0岁、术后 6月以上及血肌酐 133μmol/L以下的已婚男性肾移植受者 170例 ,对他们肾移植术后的性功能状况行国际勃起功能指数 5 (IIEF 5 )评分 ,存在ED者首先进行心理治疗 3个月 ,无效者用枸橼酸西地那非治疗 6个月 ,对他们的性生活情况进行随访并作出评分。　结果 :170例肾移植受者中 ,5 3例存在经心理治疗无效的ED ,枸橼酸西地那非治疗半年后IIEF 5评分中的各项参数均明显改善 ,对血肌酐、环孢素A谷值浓度无影响 ,不良反应轻微且短暂。　结论 :枸橼酸西地那非治疗肾移植术后ED安全、有效。     

肾移植对男性勃起功能影响的研究进展

随着肾移植技术的不断进步以及新一代免疫抑制剂的广泛应用,肾移植术后长期存活的病人逐年增加,如何提高病人的生活质量越来越引起人们的关注.     

男性患者肾移植前后的阴茎勃起功能研究

目的　探讨男性肾功能衰竭患者肾移植前后的阴茎勃起功能,以提高肾移植患者的生存质量。方法　50例男性肾功能衰竭患者在肾移植前后填写国际勃起功能指数(IIEF)调查表,并同时测定性激素水平。结果　肾移植前阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)发病率为84 %,肾移植后肾功能正常时降至54 %(P<0.05);术前血液透析时间在6个月以内者IIEF评分高于透析时间在6~24个月和超过24个月者;不论患者的年龄大小,肾移植术后IIEF评分均有不同程度的提高(P<0.05);肾移植后血清睾酮水平上升(P<0.05),雌二醇和催乳激素明显下降(P<0.05, P<0.01)。结论　肾移植能有效改善肾功能衰竭患者的阴茎勃起状况,受者术后的心理疏导有助于降低ED发病率。     

肾移植病人的勃起功能障碍：西地那非的有效性

肾功能衰竭是引起勃起功能障碍（ED）的一个重要原因，随着医疗技术的发展，越来越多的肾功能衰患者能够接受肾移植手术治疗。 那么肾移植对已经存在ED的患者有何影响？肾移植后有多少患者会新发ED？而目前治疗ED的一线口服药西地那非对肾移植术后患者的勃起功能障碍的疗效和安全性又如何呢？Russo D等人对此进行了相关研究，他们首先对肾移植病人采用国际勃起功能指数（IIEF）评价其勃起功能。     

国产枸橼酸西地那非治疗男性勃起功能障碍的安全性和有效性研究

目的:评价国产枸橼酸西地那非(金戈)治疗男性勃起功能障碍(ED)的安全性、有效性和耐受性。方法:采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究方法,在国内5家医院泌尿外科或男科门诊纳入222例ED患者,随机分为西地那非组(111例)和安慰剂组(111例),进行为期8周的临床治疗观察。以国际勃起功能问卷(IIEF)评分、性交成功率作为有效性评价指标,以不良事件发生率作为安全性评价指标。结果:西地那非组和安慰剂组患者年龄分别为(47.20±11.32)岁和(46.67±13.08)岁(P0.05),ED病因分别为心理性(27.93% vs 23.42%)、器质性(21.62% vs 29.73%)和混合性ED(50.45% vs 46.85%)(P均0.05),其他流行病学数据如身高、体重、民族、吸烟、饮酒、药物过敏史等一般情况也均无统计学差异。对主要疗效指标的分析结果显示,西地那非组与安慰剂组对勃起功能显著有效率分别为78.90%和29.91%(P0.01);西地那非组性交成功率和总体疗效分别为63.87%和77.98%,均明显高于安慰剂组的29.16%和34.58%(P均0.01)。在对于不同种类ED的治疗上,西地那非对心理性、器质性和混合性ED的有效率分别为64.52%、83.33%和82.14%,明显高于安慰剂组的46.15%、21.21%和25.00%(P均0.01)。安全性评价结果显示,共有45例(20.27%)受试者出现了各种不良事件(西地那非组有32例,安慰剂组有13例),所出现的不良事件大多数为轻度、一过性的。结论:国产枸橼酸西地那非是一种可治疗各种病因导致ED的安全有效的药物,且患者耐受性较好。     

男性肾移植受者手术前后的勃起功能状况及动脉吻合方式对其影响

目的:评价男性肾移植受者手术前后的勃起功能状况及不同动脉吻合方式对勃起功能的影响。方法:选取22～60岁、移植后存活1年以上、血清肌酐9个月内维持在200μmol/L以下的已婚男性肾移植受者55例,其中采用供肾动脉与髂内动脉端端吻合的39例,供肾动脉与髂外动脉端侧吻合的16例。运用IIEF-5对患者移植前及移植后3、6、9个月的勃起功能进行调查,并评价移植所采用的动脉吻合方式对其影响。其中25例分别在移植前和移植后1个月检测其垂体性激素的变化。结果:肾移植术后3、6、9个月患者的IIEF-5评分与术前比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);IIEF-5评分肾移植术后6个月、9个月患者与术后3个月比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);术前血液透析时间在12个月以内的患者IIEF-5评分高于血液透析时间在12个月以上的患者(P<0.05);移植后9个月髂外动脉端侧吻合者的勃起功能好于髂内动脉端端吻合者,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);移植术后1个月患者的垂体激素水平与移植前差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:肾移植后,患者的勃起功能及垂体激素水平得到了改善,而采用髂外动脉与供肾动脉吻合的患者勃起功能恢复要好于采用髂内动脉与供肾动脉吻合的患者。     

慢性心力衰竭合并勃起功能障碍男性患者西地那非枸橼酸盐治疗的有效性和安全性研究

慢性心力衰竭(CHF)是一种常见的心血管疾病,发病率呈逐年上升趋势。据报道,很多中度CHF患者性生活频率明显减少,超过75%的患者患有勃起功能障碍(ED)。目前,关于枸橼酸西地那非治疗合并CHF的ED患者的有效性和安全性的临床对照研究尚不多。因此Katz SD等人对患有CHF并处于稳定期的ED患者进行了一个双盲、安慰剂对照并设定剂量的研究[AmJ Cardiol,2005,95(1):36-42]。在研究中,合并CHF的ED患者接受12周的西地那非或安慰剂治疗,并用国际勃起功能评分表的第3和第4项这一主要评价指标以及国际勃起功能评分表5个功能评价分类,2个整体有…     

健康青年男性服用西地那非后的勃起特点

为了明确枸橼酸西地那非对健康青年男性夜间阴茎勃起的作用（如勃起起始时间、勃起持续时间和第一次与第二次勃起的时间间隔）。Yaman O等人入选了22位年龄在23—29岁之间，性功能正常的男性进行研究（Asian Journal of Andrology，2005，7（4）：395—398）。所有对象使用RigiScan监测仪连续完成三晚的勃起监测。     

枸橼酸西地那非显著改善口服西地那非无效的心因性勃起功能障碍患者的夜间阴茎勃起

万艾可治疗勃起功能障碍（ED）的疗效已被广泛的临床经验所证实，而一些（精神）心因性ED的患者对万艾可治疗似乎没有反应，那么万艾可对这些患者真的没有作用吗？最近，Abdel NMB等研究者将30位患者分为两组，连续4个夜间使用阴茎勃起功能诊断仪测量，分别在第三晚给予第一组、第四晚给予第二组各50mg枸橼酸西地那非，而其余夜间各组均给予安慰剂。另选12名患者作为对照组。     

西地那非治疗老年男性勃起功能障碍的疗效观察

目的分析口服西地那非治疗老年男性勃起功能障碍（ED）的有效性及安全性。方法 对86例因ED口服西地那非治疗的老年患者进行回顾性分析，总结其临床资料。结果86例4周服药4次52例，5次26例，6次5例，8次3例。第1次建议服药剂量25mg，4周结束时39例（45.3%）维持25mg，32例（37.2%）服用50mg，仅5例（17.4%）服用10mg。未发现严重的不良反应。西地那非治疗ED的总有效率为86.0%。结论西地那非对老年男性因各种原因引起的ED有明显疗效，副作用少，是老年男性勃起功能障碍的首选疗法。     

Improved erectile function and sex hormone profiles in male Chinese recipients of kidney transplantation

Teng LC, Wang CX, Chen L. Improved erectile function and sex hormone profiles in male Chinese recipients of kidney transplantation.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 265–269. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: Few studies have reported the relationship between duration of dialysis and effect of kidney transplantation on sex hormone levels and erectile dysfunction (ED) in Chinese patients. Methods: Our study included 24 patients with uremia who underwent kidney transplantation. Erectile function in these patients was assessed using the 5‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5), and serum sex hormone levels were measured pre‐ and post‐transplantation. Post‐transplantation changes in IIEF‐5 scores were analyzed according to duration of dialysis. Results: Twenty‐one (87.5%) and 11 (45.9%) of the 24 patients suffered from varying degrees of ED during the pre‐ and post‐transplantation periods, respectively. The pre‐ vs. post‐transplantation IIEF‐5 scores were significantly different (p < 0.05) among patients who had undergone dialysis for less than six months. Following transplantation, serum levels of prolactin and β‐estradiol decreased significantly (24.35 ± 11.62 vs. 13.93 ± 7.16 ng/mL, p = 0.027; 42.20 ± 15.04 vs. 17.7 ± 7.15 pg/mL, p = 0.000, respectively), whereas levels of testosterone increased (3.07 ± 0.94 vs. 6.54 ± 3.14 ng/mL, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Successful kidney transplantation can significantly ameliorate ED in Chinese patients, especially in individuals with a shorter time on dialysis. Changes in sex hormone levels may contribute to this improvement in ED.     

Renal function and safety in stable kidney transplant recipients converted from immediate-release to prolonged-release tacrolimus

This multicenter, open, phase IIIb study assessed short-term efficacy, safety and dose adjustments in adult stable renal transplant recipients converted from tacrolimus twice-daily (BID) to once-daily (QD). Patients receiving unchanged tacrolimus BID for ≥ 12 weeks were enrolled, and after 6-weeks, converted from tacrolimus BID to QD (morning dose) on a 1 : 1 (mg : mg) total daily dose basis, for a further 12 weeks. Primary endpoint: change in steady-state creatinine clearance between treatment phases. Secondary endpoints: biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), patient and graft survival, safety. 128 patients enrolled (mean age 48.9 years; time post-transplant 48.9 months); 91 evaluated for the primary endpoint. Mean total daily dose was 0.06 mg/kg (BID) and 0.07 mg/kg (QD); 79.1% required one/no dose changes post-conversion to maintain recommended blood-trough levels; average dose increase was small (0.6-0.7 mg/day) with more dose increases in patients on the lowest tacrolimus BID doses. Renal function remained stable and non-inferiority of tacrolimus QD against tacrolimus BID was demonstrated. There were no BPAR episodes; patient and graft survival were 100%. Adverse events were few; none led to dose modifications/discontinuation. Tacrolimus BID to tacrolimus QD conversion is straightforward and does not compromise renal function in stable kidney transplant patients in the short term.     

伊木萨克片对半去势雄性大鼠勃起功能的影响

目的 研究伊木萨克片对半去势雄性大鼠勃起功能的影响.方法 从60只性功能正常的雄性SD大鼠中随机取出10只为正常对照组,余50只行右侧睾丸摘除后随机分为半去势空白组、男宝对照组、伊木萨克低、中、高剂量组,经药物干预6周后行阿朴吗啡(Apomorphine,APO)勃起试验,镜检阴茎海绵体的形态改变,采用免疫组化SP法检测各组大鼠阴茎组织中nNOS、eNOS蛋白表达.结果 (1)半去势空白组勃起潜伏期显著长于正常对照组(P<0.01),伊木萨克低、中、高剂量组勃起潜伏期显著短于半去势空白组和男宝对照组(P<0.05),但长于正常对照组(P<0.05),伊木萨克片低、中、高剂量组之间差异则无统计学意义(P>0.05):(2)半去势空白组阴茎组织中eNOS、nNOS蛋白表达低于正常对照组(P<0.05).伊木萨克低、中、高剂量组大鼠阴茎组织中eNOS、nNOS蛋白表达均显著高于半去势空白组和男宝对照组(P<0.05),其中eNOS在伊术萨克片中剂量组显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),而伊木萨克片低、高剂量组与正常对照组之间的差异则无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);nNOS在伊木萨克片低、中、高剂量组与正常对照组及伊木萨克片低、中、高剂量组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 (1)半去势可显著影响雄性大鼠的阴茎勃起功能;(2)伊木萨克片干预后能够显著增强半去势大鼠的阴茎勃起功能,其机制可能和增加阴茎组织中eNOS、nNOS蛋白表达有关.     

Hypertension in kidney transplant recipients

Arterial hypertension is frequently observed in renal transplant recipients. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial in most cases. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) can increase peripheral vascular resistance by inducing arteriolar vasoconstriction and can cause extracellular fluid expansion by reducing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), activating the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), and by inactivating the atrial natriuretic peptide. Glucocorticoids can impair urinary water and salt excretion. Poor graft function can lead to increased extracellular volume and inappropriate production of renin. Native kidneys, older age of the donor and transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) may also contribute to the development of hypertension. Arterial hypertension not only can increases the risk for cardiovascular events but can also deteriorate renal allograft function. A number of studies have shown that the higher the levels of blood pressure are, the higher is the risk of graft failure. On the other hand, a good control of blood pressure may prevent many cardiovascular and renal complications. Appropriate lifestyle modification is the first step for treating hypertension. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors are the most frequently used antihypertensive agents, but in many cases, a combination of these and other drugs is required to obtain good control of hypertension.     

肾移植患者勃起功能障碍的相关因素研究

目的 研究男性肾移植患者术后勃起功能障碍 (ED)的相关影响因素.方法 随机选择25～57岁、术后半年以上、血肌酐133μmol/L以下的已婚男性肾移植受者50例,采用勃起功能国际问卷(IIEF-5)对其肾移植前后勃起功能进行评估,并应用多因素Logistic回归分析,确定对勃起功能有影响的相关因素.结果 肾移植术前有41例(82%)被诊断为不同程度的ED,移植术后26例被确定为ED(52%),术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Logistic回归分析表明,年龄、血液透析时间、移植肾动脉吻合方式和以环孢素(CsA)为基础的免疫抑制剂治疗是影响勃起功能的独立和显著因素(P<0.05),相对危险度分别为3.06、2.03、3.93、2.74.结论 成功的肾移植术可改善患者的勃起功能,但仍有着较高的ED发生率,年龄、血液透析时间、术中移植肾动脉吻合方式、以CsA为基础的免疫抑制剂治疗是影响勃起功能的主要因素.     

Recovery of kidney function after AKI because of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients

Evidence on the evolution of graft function in kidney transplant recipients recovering from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is lacking. This multicenter observational study evaluated the short-term clinical outcomes in recipients with acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to COVID-19. Out of 452 recipients following up at five centers, 50 had AKI secondary to COVID-19. 42 recipients with at least 3-month follow-up were included. Median follow-up was 5.23 months [IQR 4.09–6.99]. Severe COVID-19 was seen in 21 (50%), and 12 (28.6%) had KDIGO stage 3 AKI. Complete recovery of graft function at 3 months was seen in 17 (40.5%) patients. Worsening of proteinuria was seen in 15 (37.5%) patients, and 4 (9.5%) patients had new onset proteinuria. Graft failure was seen in 6 (14.3%) patients. Kidney biopsy revealed acute tubular injury (9/11 patients), thrombotic microangiopathy (2/11), acute cellular rejection (2/11), and chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (3/11). Patients with incomplete recovery were likely to have lower eGFR and proteinuria at baseline, historical allograft rejection, higher admission SOFA score, orthostatic hypotension, and KDIGO stage 3 AKI. Baseline proteinuria and the presence of orthostatic hypotension independently predicted incomplete graft recovery. This shows that graft recovery may remain incomplete after AKI secondary to COVID-19.     

The effect of cyclosporine on mortality and renal function in living related pediatric kidney transplant recipients

The outcome, incidence of acute rejection episodes, complications and cyclosporine (CyA) induced nephrotoxicity were studied in 10 pediatric kidney transplant recipients who were grafted from one-haplotype indentical parent with immunosuppression of CyA and prednisolone (Pred). Excellent patient and graft survival could be achieved in this population with low incidences of acute rejection or serious complications as when compared with the results of azathioprine (AZ) treated pediatric patients. With a mean follow-up of 12.9 months (range 1 to 50 months), the patient survival rate was 100 per cent and the graft survival rate was 100, 84, 84 and 84 per cent at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years post transplantation, respectively. Serum creatinine levels in the group were 0.97, 1.17, 1.14 and 1.2 mg/dl at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post transplantation, respectively. The incidence of treated acute rejection episodes was 20 per cent (2 out of 10) in the CyA-treated children, whereas it was 53 per cent (9 of 17) in the Az-treated children. Five children who had undergone transplant surgery before they were 11 years old displayed linear growth in height after their transplantation. There have been no opportunistic infections, aseptic necrosis or peptic ulcers in this group and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity has not been a serious problem in the pediatric recipients. Only 10 per cent (1 out of 10) of the recipients displayed acute nephrotoxicity and only one recipient has converted from CyA+Pred to CyA+AZ+Pred (Three drug therapy) due to persistent nephrotoxicity. Cyclosporine and prednisolone have therefore constituted a relatively safe, effective immunosuppressive regimen for pediatric renal allograft recipients. This paper was presented at the 7th international congress of pediatric nephrology.     

Factors associated with erectile dysfunction in male kidney transplant recipients

A transversal study was carried out in order to evaluate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in adult kidney transplant patients of our region (N=243), and to investigate the sociodemographic, analytic, and clinical factors associated with it. To evaluate ED, the Spanish five items version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was employed. Sociodemographic, analytic, and clinical data, including 12 cardiovascular risk factors, were also collected. A total of 199 patients (82%) were included. The median age was 52 y (43-62 y); 106 patients (54.9%) presented with ED. Variables associated with ED were: higher age; longer time on dialysis prior to transplantation; higher comorbidity; presence of diabetes mellitus; had undergone prostatic surgery or peripheric artheriopathy; lower diastolic pressure; and some anti hypertensive drugs. Logistic Regression Model performed step by step showed (R(2)=0.52) that factors independently associated with ED were: age, time on dialysis previous to transplant, and peripheric artheriopathy.