后纵隔哑铃型神经源性肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的探讨后纵隔哑铃型神经源性肿瘤的临床病理特征、诊断、鉴别诊断及外科治疗方法,提高临床诊治水平。方法回顾性分析16例后纵隔哑铃型神经源性肿瘤的相关临床资料,并结合文献进行复习。结果16例中男9例,女7例,12例有胸闷、胸痛、咳嗽和肢体麻木等临床症状,1例双下肢瘫痪,3例无症状。全部病例经胸部CT和磁共振检查提示诊断,均行一期完整切除肿瘤,治愈出院。结论手术方案应根据肿瘤大小、部位和生长形态等因素选择手术方案。采用后正中切口联合胸腔镜辅助手术是治疗后纵隔哑铃型神经源性肿瘤较佳手术方式。     

原发性纵隔肿瘤120例诊治体会

1970年以来,我院对病理诊断证实为原发性纵隔肿瘤的120例患者采用手术治疗。其临床资料见附表。     

电视胸腔镜在纵隔外科的应用

由于纵隔的特殊位置 ,以及纵隔内的组织器官较密集和重要 ,故电视胸腔镜在该领域的应用较晚。1993年 ,Kemd等人首先用 VATS进行了纵隔内取活检。但由于该手术的开展时间短 ,至今尚无一个绝对手术标准。VATS在纵隔手术时 ,需要一个稳定和清晰、没有肺脏遮挡的手术视野。因此 ,要求麻醉师采用双腔管气管插管全身麻醉 ,根据 CT或 MRI所示肿瘤位置 ,来选择左侧或右侧插管 ,体位一般采取 3 0°～ 45°侧仰卧位和侧卧位 ,多数主张取侧卧位 ,这样可使肺塌陷坠落 ,手术空间宽阔。通常胸腔镜切口的位置距病灶 15～ 2 0 cm,手术器械的切口在胸腔…     

纵隔肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗(附112例报告)

纵隔肿瘤是胸部较为常见的疾病 ,手术是首选治疗方法。 1 997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 9月。我院共收治纵隔肿瘤 1 1 2例。现报告如下 ,并就其诊断及治疗进行讨论。1 .临床资料1 .1一般资料　本组患者 1 1 2例 ,男 5 9例 ,女 5 3例 ;年龄 3～ 72岁 ,平均 43 .8岁。其中胸腺瘤 3 5例     

原发性恶性纵隔肿瘤的综合治疗

纵隔肿瘤分为原发性肿瘤和继发性肿瘤。原发性肿瘤中良性多见 ,恶性约占 1/ 4(以恶性胸腺瘤为主 ,恶性神经性肿瘤和恶性畸胎瘤次之 ) ,良性纵隔肿瘤恶变者较少见。继发性肿瘤多为纵隔外的恶性肿瘤纵隔转移所致 ,多继发于肺、胃肠道、肾、睾丸、子宫颈、乳腺癌等。现仅讨论原发性恶性纵隔肿瘤的综合治疗。1　基本治疗原则依据 X线胸片、CT等胸部影像学检查 ,结合症状和体征等临床资料进行综合分析判断 ,能够对大多数纵隔肿瘤的部位、起源、良恶性做出初步诊断 ,并据此制定手术方案 ,术后再依据病理诊断施行放、化疗等综合治疗。对于恶性神…     

肺与纵隔肿瘤胸腔镜手术治疗分析

目的探讨胸腔镜在肺与纵隔肿瘤诊断和治疗方面的应用。方法回顾性分析我院2006年6月—2011年6月收治的30例肺与纵隔肿瘤患者的临床资料,均采取胸腔镜手术获得组织病理学诊断与治疗。结果在11例纵隔肿瘤中,转移性小细胞癌4例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤2例,神经鞘瘤2例,结核1例,恶性Schwann瘤1例,胸腺癌1例;在19例肺部肿瘤中,原发性肺癌8例,错构瘤3例,炎性假瘤2例,肺结核球2例,转移性肺癌1例,肺囊肿1例,低度恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例,肺隔离症1例。无严重并发症,且并发症均经非手术治疗后好转,无死亡病例。结论胸腔镜手术治疗是安全、可靠的,适用于术前无法明确病理诊断的纵隔及肺部病例,损伤小、恢复快、出血少、对心肺功能及机体免疫功能影响小。     

纵隔肿瘤诊断近况

纵隔肿瘤病种复杂,诊断困难,以往主要依靠 X 线胸片及纵隔镜检作术前诊断。作者综述近年来 CT、MRI 等影象诊断技术对纵隔肿瘤的诊断作用、以及经胸腔针吸活检(TNB)特别是 CT和超声导向下的 TNB 的方法和诊断价值.     

胸腺瘤的外科治疗

胸腺肿瘤约占纵隔肿瘤的19％～42％。我院从1984年至1999年手术治疗96例．现报告如下。     

巨大纵隔肿瘤15例手术治疗体会

纵隔内组织和器官较多,来源于三个胚层,胎生结构复杂,肿瘤种类多,解剖结构复杂,巨大肿瘤手术难度及风险明显增加。2002年8月-2008年10月,我们对15例巨大纵隔肿瘤患者行手术治疗,现介绍体会。     

右心肿瘤的外科治疗

目的　总结 2 7例右心肿瘤外科治疗经验。方法　右房原发肿瘤 18例 ,转移性肿瘤 3例 ,右室原发肿瘤 6例 ;恶性肿瘤 10例 ,占 3 7%。结果　手术死亡 1例。 1例因术中出血 ,肿瘤未能完全切除。 3例转移性肿瘤仅做解除梗阻手术。 2例肿瘤切除同时进行三尖瓣置换术。结论　 ( 1)术中应注意插管方法 ,防止瘤体脱落 ,必要时采用深低温停循环方法 ;( 2 )切除瘤体时应注意心脏功能和结构的完整性。     

50例胸腔巨大肿瘤的外科治疗分析

目的探讨胸腔巨大肿瘤外科手术治疗以及术中、术后特殊疑难问题的处理经验。方法回顾分析2010年1月至2013年6月在中国人民解放军总医院第一附属医院胸心外科手术治疗的50例胸腔巨大肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果完整切除肿瘤43例,大部切除肿瘤7例,单纯肿瘤切除46例,联合上腔静脉、无名静脉成形术1例,肺切除3例;正中切口纵劈胸骨8例,胸部侧切口39例,单侧胸部侧切口+横断胸骨切口1例,单侧胸部侧切口+横断锁骨切口1例,颈部横切口1例;切除肿瘤重628~2 586 g,平均1 973 g,术中出血400~1 500 ml。采用预防复张性肺水肿措施后术后并发肺水肿2例,其中1例因合并DIC死亡,1例治愈出院;其余患者术后均治愈出院。结论胸腔巨大肿瘤患者往往症状较重,内科保守治疗效果差,手术能彻底改善症状;手术切口要以接近瘤体、同时便于伸延为原则,要充分显露术野;术中可采用完整、分块、大部切除等手术技巧,注意术中避免大出血;术后尽早采用预防复发性肺水肿措施。     

原发性纵隔肿瘤的诊疗分析

目的探讨原发性纵隔肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗方法。方法对我院50例原发性纵隔肿瘤患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 50例患者均经手术治疗,术后病理证实为原发性纵隔肿瘤。其中：胸腺肿瘤及囊肿26例,占52%;神经源性肿瘤12例,占24%;畸胎样瘤4例,占8%。全组均完整切除或大部切除,无手术相关严重并发症及死亡病例。结论在原发性纵隔肿瘤中,病率最高为胸腺肿瘤及囊肿,其次为神经源性肿瘤及畸胎样瘤。无论肿瘤良恶性,外科手术均是确诊及治疗的第一选择。     

103例原发性心脏肿瘤的外科治疗

目的:回顾性总结原发性心脏肿瘤103例的外科治疗效果。方法:根据病检结果分类,103例中良性肿瘤97例,占94.2;恶性肿瘤6例,占5.8。本组病例术前均行心脏彩超,怀疑恶性者行CT或核磁共振检查。所有良性肿瘤中,除1例平滑肌瘤由下腔静脉延伸至右房,仅部分切除外,其余均完全切除。同期行Dacron补片房间隔修补74例,三尖瓣瓣膜置换1例,二尖瓣整形6例,三尖瓣整形1例,同期行冠状动脉搭桥2例。恶性心脏肿瘤患者中,2例血管肉瘤患者,1例完全切除肿瘤,同期行右房-房间隔重建并行右房-上腔静脉人工血管连接术,并在术后接受局部放疗,另1例行部分切除及自体心包右心房修补;2例右室横纹肌肉瘤患者,行部分肿瘤切除术;2例肺动脉恶性间皮瘤累及肺动脉患者,在体外循环下经肺动脉切口清除肿瘤,疏通肺动脉直至肺门水平。结果:住院期间,全组仅死亡1例,其余患者均顺利出院。良性肿瘤在(2±1.7)年随访期内未发现复发者。6例恶性肿瘤患者中5例术后6个月内早期复发。结论:原发性心脏肿瘤的治疗应根据其恶性程度、来源、侵犯范围、大小来决定手术时机和方式;心脏良性肿瘤中最常见的是黏液瘤,手术应及时进行。发热及血沉增快并不是手术禁忌;术中应防止瘤体破碎,避免遗留肿瘤组织,应切除瘤蒂附着的房壁、房间隔甚至部分瓣膜,防止复发;心脏原发恶性肿瘤预后不良,往往难以完全切除,术后应辅以化疗或放疗。     

Surgical management of mediastinal tumor invading the heart and large blood vessels

Background Surgical removal plays an irreplaceable important role in mediastinal tumor therapy. With advances of anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass and vascular surgery technology, even tumor invading the heart and great vessels can also be removed. Patients get good results after radical surgery. Methods Review The perioperative treatment was reviewed for 36 patients with complicated mediastinal tumor involving the heart and great vessels from February 1997 to March 2014. Out of them, 2 patients underwent extracorporeal circulation; one patient underwent superior vena cava and left innominate vein replacement besides the resection of mediastinal tumor; one did superior vena cava replacement, 3 patients received partial right atrial resection, 5 did superior vena cava angioplasty, 4 did innominate vein resection, 5 did innominate vein angioplasty, 10 did partial excision and repair of pericardium, 8 did pulmonary wedge resection successfully,and 2 did lobectomy. Results All 36 procedures were completed with no perioperative death. Clinical outcome was satisfactory. Conclusions Surgical management for complicated mediastinal tumor invading the heart and great vessels is difficult and risky. Therefore, comprehensive perioperative preparation and appropriate surgical procedures are indispensable for a successful surgery and desirable therapeutic effect.     

Metastasizing testicular germ-cell tumor with infiltration of the right heart: indication for primary metastasectomy

Cardiac intracavitary metastases are very uncommon. The case of a 42-year-old male patient with a testicular germ cell tumor extending into the superior caval vein, the left brachiocephalic vein, and the right heart, which manifested as a mild form of pulmonary embolization, is presented. Due to the perceived high risk of continuous embolization and the urgent need to begin systemic chemotherapy, a complete cardiac tumor resection was performed, utilizing a cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by a simultaneous orchiectomy. Histology revealed a 61-cm long vascular tumor as a metastasis of a yolk sac tumor originating from the left testis. There were no postoperative complications, and the patient is alive and without tumor recurrence 12 months after four cycles of systemic chemotherapy according to the PEB (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin) scheme. We conclude that in this special case aggressive surgical management following chemotherapy was very effective in controlling the disseminated testicular tumor.     

Application of cystoscope in surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

Development of portal vein tumor thrombus deteriorates the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, while surgical treatment can offer a promising prognosis for selected patients. However, the possibility of residual lesions in portal vein after conventional thrombectomy is a main risk factor leading to postoperative recurrence. Therefore, ensuring the complete removal of tumor thrombus during operation is critical to improve prognosis. For the first time, we report here one case of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus in which cystoscope was successfully applied as a substitute of intravascular endoscope to visualize the cavity of the portal vein. The patient was a 61-year-old man with a 7-cm tumor in the right lobe of the liver, with tumor thrombus invading the right branch and adjacent to the conjunction of the portal vein. After removal of the tumor, the Olympus CYF-VA2 cystoscope was used to check the portal vein from the opening stump of the right branch of the portal vein. In this case, residual thrombus tissue was found near the opening stump and the conjunction of the portal vein. The residual lesion was carefully retrieved from the stump after retraction of the cystoscope. The procedure was repeated until no residual lesion was found. The whole duration time of thrombectomy was 22.5(15 + 7.5) min. The patient was free from recurrence at 8 months after the procedure. Our work indicated that the cystoscope is a suitable substitute, with a proper size and function to check the portal vein system and ensure the curability of thrombectomy. Although welldesigned clinic trails are still needed, this procedure may further improve the postoperative prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus.     

老年原发性肺癌的外科治疗

本文报道自１９７５年１月～１９９４年１２月我院收治的７６例７０岁以上原发性肺癌外科治疗结果。肺叶切除５７例，袖状肺叶切除９例，肺楔形切除７例，全肺切除３例。发生并发症占２７．６％（２１／７６），１例术后５天死于呼吸衰竭，手术死亡率为１．３％。作者认为对７０岁以上原发性肺癌外科治疗，应选择无严重心肺功能障碍的Ⅰ、Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌患者，以肺叶切除术为首选术式。术后应重视血氧饱和度监测，及时发现和处理低氧血症。本组术后３年生存率为３８．２％（２９／７６），５年生存率为３１．６％（２４／７６），１０年生存率为１８．４％（１４／７６），提示对老年原发性肺癌患者采取积极的外科治疗亦可以取得较好的疗效。     

Diagnosis and treatment of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas

BACKGROUND: Solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare exocrine pancreatic tumor. Despite the increasing recognition of the tumor in recent years, its pathogenesis and apparent therapeutic algorithm remain unclear. This study was designed to define the clinical, imaging, and pathologic features and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. METHOD: The clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings of 9 SPT patients managed in our hospital between 2001 and 2005 were retrospectively analyzed, and related literatures were reviewed. RESULTS: In the 9 patients aged from 14 to 68 years, 8 were female and 1 male. The mean age of these patients at diagnosis was 30 years. Initially, 8 patients complained of vague abdominal pain and one patient had pancreatic mass detected incidentally by abdominal CT. The levels of blood and urine amylase and tumor markers were all within the normal range. B-US, CT and MRI demonstrated that tumors were well encapsulated and contained some degree of internal hemorrhage or cystic degeneration. The mean transverse diameter of these tumors was 5.4 cm (range, 2-10.5 cm). The tumors were located at the head (2 patients), body (2), body and tail junction (4), and tail (1) of the pancreas. Surgical procedures included pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and enucleation. Histological examination showed solidified cystic areas and papillary protrusions. Two malignant tumors demonstrated retroperitoneal metastases and vascular invasion. Follow-up for 2.5 years on average showed that one patient died of tumor recurrence at 10 months and the rest were alive. CONCLUSIONS: SPT exhibits unique clinical and pathologic features and is readily diagnosed by its characteristic imaging and histological appearance. Surgical resection of the primary tumor and metastases is the treatment of choice.     

胸腺肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的总结胸腺肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析1995年至2006年人住我科手术治疗的73例胸腺肿瘤患者临床资料。结果胸部X线和CT等影像学检查是诊断木病的主要手段,重症肌无力是常见的伴随症状,单纯性胸腺瘤的治疗效果优于恶性胸腺瘤和胸腺癌。结论胸腺肿瘤是低度恶性肿瘤,手术足治疗胸腺肿瘸的主要手段。术前分期与术后放化疗是影响生存的预计因素。