复杂性阑尾炎术式的抉择：腹腔镜术抑或开腹手术

目的：探讨腹腔镜应用于复杂性阑尾炎的可行性。方法：回顾分析手术治疗复杂性阑尾炎213例患者的临床资料，213例分为腹腔镜阑尾切除术（laparoscopic appendectomy，LA）128例，开腹阑尾切除术（open appendectomy，OA）85例。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术中引流管留置率及术后留置时间、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）、恢复进食时间、感染性并发症（即切口感染、腹腔内脓肿）发生率、术后住院天数、住院费用等指标。结果：LA组比OA组手术时间长，住院总费用高，差异有统计学意义；术中出血量、切口长度、术中引流管留置率及术后留置时间、术后疼痛VAS、恢复进食时间及术后住院天数等指标，IA组均优于OA组；LA组切口感染率较OA组低，腹腔内脓肿发生率两组无显著性差异。两组均无死亡病例。结论：LA具有创伤小、疼痛轻、肠道功能恢复快、切口感染率低、住院时间短等优势，用于治疗复杂性阑尾炎可行、安全、有效。     

基层医院老年急性阑尾炎腹腔镜手术疗效观察

目的 比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术对治疗老年急性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法 将2008年10月至 2010年10月间收治的83例老年急性阑尾炎患者分为腹腔镜阑尾切除术组(1aparoscopic appendectomy, LA) 43例,开腹阑尾切除术组(open appendectomy, OA) 40例,对比两组在两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、术后进食时间、住院时间、使用止痛药、切口感染情况。结果 腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组以上各指标(除术中出血量外)比较差异均有统计学意义。结论 腹腔镜治疗老年阑尾炎安全可靠,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和住院时间短等优点,应在基层医院推广与应用。     

开腹和腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗妊娠期急性阑尾炎的对照研究

目的 比较开腹阑尾切除术（open appendectomy,OA）和腹腔镜阑尾切除术（laparoscopic appendectomy,LA）治疗妊娠期急性阑尾炎的安全性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2013年1月收治的68例妊娠早、中期急性阑尾炎的临床资料,其中OA组36例,LA组32例,并进行比对分析.结果 两组病例手术均顺利完成,OA组和LA组在妊娠相关并发症发生率上无明显差异（P＞0.05）;而在术后肛门排气时间、住院时间及术后并发症上,LA组均明显优于OA组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 LA治疗妊娠早、中期急性阑尾炎是安全可行的,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点.     

腹腔镜与开腹阑尾切除术治疗儿童复杂性阑尾炎的回顾性研究

目的 对比分析腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)与开腹阑尾切除术(OA)治疗儿童复杂性阑尾炎,以评价腹腔镜治疗儿童复杂性阑尾炎的效果.方法 回顾分析手术治疗儿童复杂性阑尾炎189例临床资料,其中LA 113例,OA 76例.比较两组手术时间、术中出血量少、恢复进食时间、感染性并发症发生率、术后住院天数、抗生素使用时间及手术费用等指标.结果 LA组比OA组手术时间长,手术费用高,差异有统计学意义,但LA组术中出血量少、术后开始进食时间及住院时间均短于OA组,而且切口感染率及腹腔内脓肿发生率较OA组低(P<0.05).虽然LA组术后抗生素使用时间短于OA组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.113).结论 LA具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,用于治疗儿童复杂性阑尾炎可行,且安全有效.     

腹腔镜在急诊阑尾切除术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜在急诊阑尾切除术中的可行性及疗效。方法对200例急性阑尾炎随机分为传统的开腹阑尾切除术(Open appendectomy,OA)组100例和腹腔镜阑尾切除术(Laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)组100例,比较2组手术时间、住院时间、术后下床活动时间、术后切口感染等相关情况。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,LA组有6例中转开腹,LA组住院时间、术后下床活动时间均少于OA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),术后切口感染发生率LA组少于OA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 LA具有创伤小、患者恢复快、并发症少、住院时间少等优点,是急诊阑尾炎患者可选用的有效手术方式。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗小儿复杂阑尾炎的疗效对比分析

目的:对比分析复杂阑尾炎患儿行腹腔镜阑尾切除术与开腹手术的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年10月收治的60例复杂阑尾炎患儿作为研究对象,纳入患儿家属签署知情同意书,按入组奇偶顺序分为腹腔镜组(偶数)与开腹组(奇数),每组30例,腹腔镜组行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,开腹组行开腹阑尾切除术。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生情况、术后恢复进食时间、住院时间。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复进食时间、住院时间、并发症发生率均优于开腹组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿复杂阑尾炎并发症发生率低,术后康复快,可有效缩短住院时间,可考虑作为小儿复杂阑尾炎的首选术式。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除术的对比研究及Meta分析

目的比较腹腔镜与开腹阑尾切除术对急性阑尾炎的疗效和手术安全性。方法收集2006年10月至2007年10月问120例急性阑尾炎患者进行前瞻性研究,随机分为两组,分别采用腹腔镜阑尾切除（LA）术式和开腹阑尾切除（OA）术式,对手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、止痛药物应用时间、开始进食时间、住院天数和术后并发症等指标进行比较分析。并对1996年1月至2008年12月期间的该类前瞻性随机对照研究（RCT）文献进行Meta分析,比较两种术式手术时间、住院天数和并发症等指标。结果本组资料表明,两组手术时间、出血量无明显差异,而LA组肠功能恢复时间、止痛药物应用时间、住院天数明显短于OA组,LA组手术并发症也少于OA组;Meta分析有6组资料纳入,LA住院天数和手术并发症少于OA组,而两组的手术时间无明显差异。结论腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有恢复时间短、术后疼痛轻、住院时间短和并发症发生率低等优点,值得推荐。     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗小儿急性化脓性阑尾炎的疗效比较

目的:比较小儿急性化脓性阑尾炎行腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)与开腹阑尾切除术(open appendectomy,OA)的疗效。方法:回顾分析手术治疗的102例急性化脓性阑尾炎患儿的临床资料,其中57例行LA,45例行OA,对比两组手术时间、住院时间、肠道排气时间、引流管留置时间、引流管引流量、术后切口感染、术后腹腔脓肿形成及肠粘连等情况。结果:OA组手术时间短于LA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LA组术后住院时间、肠道排气时间、引流管留置时间、引流管引流量、术后切口感染、腹腔脓肿发生率优于OA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后肠粘连发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小儿急性化脓性阑尾炎行LA具有创伤小、康复快、并发症发生率低等优点,在适应证明确的患儿中值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜下阑尾切除术治疗坏疽性阑尾炎

目的探讨腹腔镜下阑尾切除术治疗坏疽性阑尾炎的价值。方法回顾性分析113例坏疽性阑尾炎病人的临床资料,按手术方式分为腹腔镜下阑尾切除组(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)及开腹阑尾切除组(open appendectomy,OA),分析两组间在一般临床资料、手术时间、腹腔引流管放置、术后疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、术后进食时间、术后并发症(切口感染、腹腔脓肿、麻痹性肠梗阻)、住院时间等方面的差异。结果两组间在一般临床资料方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在腹腔引流管放置、术后24小时疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、术后并发症(切口感染、腹腔脓肿、麻痹性肠梗阻)方面差异具有明显统计学意义,LA组明显优于OA组(P0.05)。手术时间上OA略低于LA组,但两组未显示明显统计学差异(P=0.073)。两组在住院时间方面差异未显示出统计学意义(P=0.057)。结论腹腔镜下阑尾切除术治疗坏疽性阑尾炎与开腹手术相比具有术后并发症低、恢复快的优势,在有经验的医生可安全应用。     

单孔微型腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术的临床体会

目的:总结小儿单孔微型腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)的临床经验,探讨其临床开展及应用价值。方法:2007年7月至2015年3月同一术者为207例患者施行阑尾切除术,其中开腹阑尾切除术(open appendectomy,OA)106例,单孔微型LA 101例,对比两组患儿切口美观度、住院时间、手术时间、失血量、术后疼痛程度(采用Wong-Baker脸测试)、术后首次进食时间、抗生素使用情况等。结果:LA组患儿手术时间、住院时间、失血量、切口美观度、术后首次进食时间、抗生素使用时间优于OA组,术后患儿腹壁基本不留疤痕,疼痛轻微,无需使用镇痛或镇静剂。结论:单孔微型腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术操作简单、安全可行,具有在临床广泛开展及应用的价值。     

腹腔镜治疗小儿阑尾炎148例分析

目的总结腹腔镜阑尾切除术（LA）治疗儿童阑尾炎的经验。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2011年4月行LA治疗儿童阑尾炎患儿共148例,对比同期139例开腹阑尾切除术（OA）患儿临床资料,比较术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、切口感染、置腹腔引流率、拔腹腔引流管时间、腹腔脓肿发生率、肠梗阻发生率、再次手术率差异、手术时间等指标。结果IA组与OA组比较,两组中术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间、切口感染、腹腔脓肿发生率、肠梗阻发生率、再次手术率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;置腹腔引流率、拔腹腔引流管时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;LA组较OA组手术时间长,差异有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论LA适于治疗各型儿童阑尾炎,安全有效,术后并发症少,美容效果佳,是阑尾炎治疗的一种较好的方法。     

Laparoscopic appendectomy in children after the learning curve.

OBJECTIVES: Despite its increasing popularity, several recent studies comparing laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) with open appendectomy (OA) in children have failed to demonstrate significant improvements in patient outcomes. Many series include the "learning curve," wherein surgeons inexperienced with laparoscopic techniques compare their results with results with OA with its extensive history. This study was designed to investigate outcomes in pediatric appendectomy patients managed by surgeons with extensive laparoscopic experience. METHODS: We preformed a retrospective review of 197 consecutive children undergoing appendectomy for presumed acute appendicitis from January 2002 through May 2004 at a university-affiliated community hospital by pediatric and general surgeons with extensive laparoscopic surgical experience. RESULTS: The study included 117 patients who underwent LA and 80 who underwent OA. Of 122 acute appendicitis cases, mean operating times were 47 minutes (LA) and 48 minutes (OA). The LA group (n=71) had a faster return to full diet (17.6 h vs. 28.6 h, P=0.0008), and shorter postoperative length of stay (LOS) (1.06 d vs. 1.66 d, P<0.0001) compared with the OA group (n = 51). Complication rates, time on intravenous (IV) antibiotics, and IV opiates were similar among the 2 groups. Complicated appendicitis cases (LA, n=34; OA, n=26) were similar with regard to LOS, return to normal bowel function, complication rate and time on IV antibiotics and opiates, but was associated with an increased operation time (LA, 65 min; OA, 51 min, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Following the completion of the laparoscopic surgery learning curve, LA has a comparable operation time and results in a decreased postoperative LOS, and faster return to normal bowel function compared with OA in children with acute nongangrenous, nonperforated appendicitis.     

小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除的临床对比研究

【摘要】 目的 对比研究小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)与传统开腹阑尾切除术(OA)的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月~2012年12月期间进行LA和OA的93例小儿阑尾炎患者的临床资料,对两组手术时间、术中出血情况、术后恢复情况等进行统计对比分析。结果〓两组患儿手术及恢复顺利,术后无严重并发症。两组手术时间及术中出血量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);LA组术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、切口疼痛时间、术后住院天数均低于OA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 与OA比较,小儿LA具有创伤小、并发症少,恢复快及美容等优势,是治疗小儿阑尾炎理想的手术方式。     

腔镜阑尾切除术与开腹阑尾切除术的临床对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜阑尾切除术与开腹阑尾切除术的临床治疗效果。方法 采用我院2008年1月至2011年6月间腹腔镜阑尾切除术的患者62例与传统开腹阑尾切除术102例做对比,比较两者在手术时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间和术后并发症等方面的发生率有无显著性差异。结果 两者在术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间和术后并发症发生率上有显著性差异。结论 腹腔镜阑尾切除术相对于开腹阑尾切除术,术后胃肠功能恢复时间快,住院时间短,术后并发症少。     

Safety of Laparoscopic Appendectomy During Pregnancy

Background  Use of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) remains controversial during pregnancy because data regarding procedure safety are limited. The outcome of LA in pregnant women was evaluated and compared to results of open surgery. Methods  Between January 1997 and December 2007, 42 pregnant women (mean age 24 years [range: 19–40 years]; range of gestation: 5–25 weeks) underwent appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis: 23 laparoscopic (LA) and 19 open appendectomies (OA). Retrospective review of medical charts included preoperative information, surgery results, and outcome of the pregnancy. Results  There was no difference between groups in surgery delay following arrival at the hospital. All procedures, except one case of Meckel’s diverticulitis, were completed laparoscopically without need for conversion. Acute appendicitis was found in 19 cases and Meckel’s diverticulitis in one case during LA (87%) and in 18 cases (95%) during OA. Complicated appendicitis was found in 7 (30%) pregnant women in the LA group and 1 (5%) in the OA group. Five women with normal preoperative abdominal ultrasonography had acute appendicitis (2 in the OA group and 3 in the LA group). The laparoscopic procedure was performed more often by senior surgeons (70% of cases), and OA was more commonly done by residents (47% of cases). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications recorded. The length of postoperative hospital stay was slightly prolonged after LA—2.4 days versus 1.4 day after OA. There was one fetal loss in each group, 1 and 2 months after the operation. Conclusions  Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe and effective during pregnancy and is associated with good maternal and fetal outcome.     

Comparison of laparoscopic, open, and converted appendectomy for perforated appendicitis

BACKGROUND: Perforated appendicitis is associated with a significant risk of postoperative abdominal and wound infection. Only a few controversial studies evaluate the role of laparoscopy in perforated appendicitis. The significance of conversion from laparoscopy to open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis is not well defined. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. METHODS: Data on 52 patients with perforated appendicitis were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. Among these patients, 18 had laparoscopic appendectomies (LA); 24 had open appendectomies (OA); and 10 had converted appendectomies (CA). The indications for either method were based on the attending surgeons's philosophy. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed using a retrograde stapler technique. Operative time, hospital stay, ability to tolerate a liquid diet, and postoperative infectious complications were documented. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the operative time in minutes was found between the LA (114 +/- 29.3), CA (120.0 +/- 32.2), and OA (105.8 +/- 64.1) groups (p = NS). There was no statistically significance difference in length of stay (days) between the LA (9.2 +/- 4.1), OA (10.5 +/- 3.3), and CA (10.0 +/- 1.8) groups. The wound infection rate was less frequent in the LA group (0%) than in 0A (14%) and CA (10%) groups. The rate of intra-abdominal abscess infections (IAAs) and ileus were 22% and 28%, respectively, in LA group, 38% and 29%, respectively, in OA group, and 60% and 50%, respectively, in CA group. CONCLUSIONS: No difference in the rate of postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses exists between laparoscopic and open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. Wound infections and ileus complicate the postoperative course of patients after laparoscopic appendectomy less frequently than after open appendectomy. The conversion of laparoscopic to open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis is associated with increased postoperative morbidity.     

Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic appendectomy has been widely practiced for uncomplicated appendicitis; various reports demonstrated its merits in assisting diagnosis, reducing postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, and incidence of wound infection. The role of laparoscopy in management of complicated appendicitis, ie, gangrenous, perforated appendicitis and appendiceal abscess, remains undefined. Currently, the choice of operative approach is mostly at the surgeons' discretion. A retrospective study was conducted in our institution to review the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy for patients with complicated appendicitis. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1999 to January 2004, records of patients older than 14 years of age with diagnosis of appendicitis were retrieved from computer database for analysis. All patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy to confirm diagnosis of complicated appendicitis, and patients subsequently underwent either laparoscopic or open appendectomies. Patients' demographics data and perioperative outcomes from the two groups were compared. RESULTS: During the study period, 1,133 patients with acute appendicitis underwent operations in our institution. Two hundred forty-four patients (21.5%) with complicated appendicitis were identified by laparoscopy, of which 175 underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and 69 had open appendectomy (OA). Both groups of patients were comparable in demographics. Mean operative time was 55 minutes for LA group and 70 minutes for the OA group (p<0.001). Mean hospital stay was 5 days and 6 days for LA and OA group respectively (p<0.001). There was one conversion patient (0.6%) in the LA group who suffered from wound infection, and there were seven (10%) wound infections in the OA group (p=0.001). There were 10 cases (5.7%) of intraabdominal collection in the LA group and 3 (4.3%) in the OA group (p=0.473). There was no mortality in the current series. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis is feasible and safe. It is associated with a significantly shorter operative time, lower incidence of wound infection, and reduced length of hospital stay when compared with patients who had open appendectomy.     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床应用

目的对比腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)与开腹阑尾切除术(OA)的优缺点。方法回顾分析和对比近1年来106例腹腔镜阑尾切除术与同期施行的154例开腹阑尾切除术患者的临床资料。结果LA与OA的手术时间无明显差异(P>0.05),术后疼痛程度、术后住院时间、术后进食时间、术后下床时间、术后切口感染率、术后肠粘连发生率等方面LA明显优于OA(均P<0.05)。结论LA治疗急慢性阑尾炎较OA显示出明显优势,值得临床推广。