霉酚酸脂联合环孢素和甲氨蝶呤预防外周血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病

目的　比较环孢素A(CsA)和短程甲氨蝶呤 (MTX)加或不加用短程霉酚酸脂 (MMF)预防急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)的效果。方法　人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)相合的异基因外周血造血干细胞移植 (allo PBSCT) 39例 ,常规环磷酰胺和全身照射为主进行预处理。GVHD预防分二组 :CsA +MTX组 2 6例 ,应用小剂量CsA(2mg·kg-1·d-1)和短程MTX(分别在移植后 1、3、6和 11d) ;MMF +CsA+MTX组 13例 ,在CsA和MTX基础上加用短程MMF 2g/d ,移植后口服 1～ 2 8d ,但MTX只在移植后1、3、6d应用。结果　两组患者移植后均顺利重建造血 ,中性粒细胞和血小板恢复时间的差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;MMF +CsA +MTX组aGVHD的发生率为 7 6 % ,未见II度以上aGVHD ,明显低于CsA+MTX组 (46 2 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,CsA +MTX组II度以上aGVHD为 2 3 0 %。MMF +CsA +MTX组重度粘膜炎发生率 (15 4 % )亦明显低于CsA +MTX组 (30 8% )明显减少。结论　短程MMF联合CsA和短程MTX方案对allo PBSCT后的aGVHD的预防效果明显优于常规CsA和短程MTX ,其对慢性GVHD和移植后复发率的影响有待于进一步随访观察     

异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗二例急性白血病

目的 :评价异基因外周血干细胞移植 (allo PBSCT)治疗急性白血病的疗效。方法 :预处理方案 :改良BUCY。预防移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)方案 :CsA +短程MTX ,用G CSF 5 μg/kg·d-1× 4～ 5d进行造血干细胞动员。分离单个核细胞 5 .5 3～ 6 .92× 10 8/kg。结果 :2例患者移植后均重建造血。粒细胞 >0 .5× 10 9/L ,+12d ;血小板 >2 0×10 9/L ,+13d。 1例发生慢性GVHD。结论 :allo PBSCT有造血重建快 ,采集干细胞方便 ,供者易接受之优点 ,是一种治疗急性白血病的有效方法     

无血缘关系供体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床研究

目的 :观察无血缘关系供体外周血造血干细胞移植 (PBSCT)治疗白血病的疗效及其并发症的防治。 方法 :用 HL A配型完全相合的无关供体移植治疗白血病 3例。预处理方案为 :例 1采用环磷酰胺 (CTX) +全身照射 (TBI) ;例 2采用 CTX+TBI+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 (ATG) ;例 3采用 CTX+TBI+ATG+依托泊苷 (VP16 )。 3例患者输入单个核细胞数 (/ kg)分别为5 .90× 10 8、6 .43× 10 8和 6 .0 1× 10 8,CD34 +细胞 (/ kg)分别为 6 .34× 10 6、2 .6 2× 10 6和 2 .30× 10 6;急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防采用霉酚酸酯 (MMF)联合环孢素 A (Cs A)和短程甲氨蝶呤 (MTX)方案。 结果 :3例患者均顺利造血重建 ,无 1例发生 度或 度以上急性 GVHD;例 1患者移植后 180 d细胞遗传学复发 ,停用 Cs A后 2个月 Ph染色体消失 ,且出现局限性慢性 GVHD;例 2患者移植后 2 2 0 d出现局限性慢性 GVHD;例 3患者移植后 30 0 d有复发趋势 ,停用 Cs A 2周后完全缓解。结论 :无关供体 PBSCT可用于治疗白血病 ;MMF联合 Cs A和短程 MTX可用于预防无关供体移植急性 GVHD的发生。     

造血干细胞移植治疗儿童白血病的临床研究

【目的】评价造血干细胞移植 (HSCT)治疗儿童白血病的疗效及合并症。【方法】非血缘相关脐血移植 (UD UCBT)治疗儿童白血病 5例 (AML 4例 ,HR ALL 1例 ) ;同胞外周血造血干细胞移植 (allo PBSCT)治疗CML及HR ALL各 1例 ;自体外周血造血干细胞移植 (auto PBSCT)治疗AML 2例。UD UCBT中 4例为HLA 5 / 6相合 ,1例为全相合。输入的脐血 (UCB)平均有核细胞数 (NC)为 6 2 9× 10 7/kg ,CFU GM为 0 17× 10 5/kg ,CD34+ 细胞数为 4 6× 10 5/kg。预处理主要以马利兰 (Bu)、环磷酰胺 (CY)、氟达拉宾 (Flu)和马法兰 (Mel)等组成的方案。【结果】 4例可评价的UD UCBT患儿中 3例完全植入 ,1例未植入者自体造血恢复 ,2例allo PBSCT患儿均完全植入。UCBT后外周血中性粒细胞绝对计数 (ANC)≥ 0 5× 10 9/L的中位时间为 +2 1d ,血小板 (PLT)≥ 2 0× 10 9/L的中位时间为 +40d。 2例allo PBSCT患儿外周血ANC≥ 0 5× 10 9/L的中位时间分别为 +10d和 +12d ,PLT≥ 2 0× 10 9/L的中位时间为 +11d和 +14d。 3例植入的UCBT者 2例分别发生Ⅰ度和Ⅲ度aGVHD。 2例allo PBSCT患儿分别发生Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度aGVHD。随访 2 5个月 ,2例auto PBSCT患儿均复发。allo HSCT 7例中 2例复发 ,2例死于移植合并症 ,3例无病存活至今。【结论】H     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗急慢性白血病

目的　应用异基因外周血造血干细胞移植 (Allo- PB-SCT)治疗急慢性白血病 .方法　白血病 15例 ,包括急性非淋巴细胞白血病 7例 ,急性淋巴细胞白血病 3例 ,慢性粒细胞白血病 4例 ,淋巴瘤白血病 1例 .供者 15例中 13例为 HL A- / 抗原完全相合的同胞 ,1例慢粒急粒变的患者为 HL A半相合母亲作供者 .1例女性急淋患者其供者为一个 B位点不合的胞妹 .15例供者均用 rh G- CSF 5μg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ,sc,共 6～ 7d,5 d起用 CS 30 0 0 plus分离外周血单个核细胞 1～ 3次 ,预处理方案采用常用的 TBI与联合化疗方案 .结果　移植后粒细胞恢复≥ 0 .5× 10 9· L- 1 为 18(16～ 2 1) d,血小板≥2 0× 10 9·L- 1为 2 5 (19～ 35 ) d.15例患者中发生急性移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD) 5例 (33% ) ,其中 1例为子母间移植 .4例女性患者均无急慢性 GVHD发生 ,包括 1例 1个 B位点不合的 AL L患者 .15例患者移植均成功 ,至报告时无病存活 9例(6 0 % ) ,存活时间平均 2 3(15～ 5 2 ) mo.死亡的 6例 (4 0 % ) ,死于间质性肺炎 2例 ,包括母子间半相合移植 1例 ;慢性GVHD肝脏功能衰竭死亡 2例 ;慢性 GVHD伴肺结核死亡 1例 ;1例 MDS转化的 ANL L - M6,CR 6 m o后白血病复发死亡 .结论　 Allo- PBSCT是治疗急慢性白血病的有效方法     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗急性再生障碍性贫血1例报告

目的　探讨异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗急性再生障碍性贫血的疗效及其长期造血重建。　方法　急性再障患者 ,2 0岁 ,供者为其胞弟 ,HL A配型完全相合。供者造血干细胞动员方案 :粒细胞集落刺激因子4 5 0 μg/d× 5 d(8.8μg· kg- 1· d- 1 )。预处理方案 :环磷酰胺 5 0 mg· kg- 1· d- 1× 4 d,抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 1 5 mg·kg- 1 · d- 1 × 3d。移植有核细胞数 5 .1 0× 1 0 8kg- 1 ,CD34 + 3.0 1× 1 0 6 kg- 1 ,粒单系克隆形成单位 4 .2 0× 1 0 5kg- 1 。　结果　移植后 1 5 d造血重建。短片段串联重复序列 (STR)检测证实供者干细胞在受者体内植活。随访 1年 ,血髓象均正常 ,未发生急、慢性移植物抗宿主病。　结论　异基因外周血造血干细胞移植可有效治疗急性再障     

异基因外周血干细胞与异基因骨髓移植治疗白血病疗效的比较

[目的]比较异基因外周血干细胞移植(allo—PBSCT)和异基因骨髓移植(allo-BMT)治疗白血病的临床疗效。[方法]allo—PBSCT治疗15例,BMT治疗17例。预处理方案:环磷酰胺(Cy)60 mg/(kg·d)×2 d+单次全身照射7.5~8.0 Gv;或白消安(Bu)4 mg/(kg·d)×4 d+Cy 60 mg/(kg·d)×2 d。[结果] 32例均植活,中性粒细胞恢复至>0.5×109/L和血小板>20×109/L的中位时间allo-PBSCT组分别14 d和15 d,allo—BMT组分别为20 d和23 d(P<0.05)。allo-PBSCT组移植相关死亡3例(20％),复发3例(20％),9例无病生存,2年无病生存率为64％±10％;allo-BMT组相关死亡4例(24％),复发3例(18％),10例无病生存,2年无病生存率为59％±10％;两组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。allo-PBSCT组有5例(33％),BMT6例(35％)出现急性移植物抗宿主病。allo-PBSCT组发生慢性移植物抗宿主病6例(40％),明显高于allo—BMT组2例(12％),P<0.05。[结论]allo-PBSCT疗效与allo—BMT相当,但allo-PBSCT慢性移植物抗宿主病发生率高。     

非骨髓清除性异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(NST)治疗恶性血液病的初步临床研究

目的　探讨NST治疗恶性血液病的效果及毒性。方法　急性粒细胞白血病未分化型 (AML -M1)、慢性髓细胞白血病 (CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS -RA)患者各 1例 ,供体为其HLA配型完全相合的同胞。供体动员方案 :G -CSF 30 0 μg/ 12h× 5d后分离采集外周血干细胞。所获CD34 + 细胞数分别为 6 .36× 10 6/kg、9.72×10 6/kg、6 .6 2× 10 6/kg ;单个核细胞数 (MNC)分别为 14.0× 10 8/kg、10 .47× 10 8/kg、8.5 8× 10 8/kg ;T细胞总数分别为 8.80× 10 8/kg、7.12× 10 8/kg、5 .6 7× 10 8/kg ;CFU -GM数分别为 16 2个 / 2× 10 5MNC、184个 / 2× 10 5MNC、182个 / 2× 10 5MNC。预处理方案 :Fludarabine:30mg/m2 ·d-1× 6d ,Bu :4mg/kg·d-1× 2d ,ALG :12mg/kg·d-1× 4d ,Ara-C :10 0mg/m2 ·d-1× 3d。单用环胞菌素 (CSA)预防移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)。移植后未用造血生长因子。结果　患者均能顺利完成预处理方案 ,没有严重并发症出现。移植后 10～ 13d造血重建。未发生急性GVHD。随访10 0～ 16 0d ,血常规、骨髓象均正常 ,1例发生肝脏型慢性GVHD。结论　NST能有效治疗恶性血液病 ,方案相关毒性小 ,适用范围广 ,移植相关并发症少 ,造血重建迅速。     

非亲缘异基因骨髓移植治疗急性和慢性白血病

目的评价非亲缘异基因骨髓移植（URD-BMT）治疗急性和慢性白血病的临床疗效以及并发症的防治方法。方法由台湾慈济骨髓捐赠中心提供HLA相合非亲缘供髓,对11例急性白血病和慢性白血病患者进行骨髓移植术,其中急性淋巴细胞性白血病2例（CR1）、急性髓细胞性白血病2例（ANLL-CR1）、慢性髓细胞性白血病7例。10例患者预处理方案为移植前7至4d马利兰(BU)4mg·kg-1·d-1,移植前3至2d环磷酰胺（CTX）60mg·kg-1·d-1。1例慢粒急淋变患者预处理方案全身放疗(TBI)7.5GY,移植前4至3d环磷酰胺60mg·kg-1·d-1。供髓输注有核细胞（2.6～4.8）×108/kg,CD34+细胞（3.82～12.8）×106/kg,粒单-集落形成单位(CFU-GM)（1.71～3.68）×105/kg。预防急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）方案霉酚酸酯（MMF）+环孢菌素A（CsA）+短程氨甲喋呤（MTX）。预防肝静脉阻塞病（VOD）方案低剂量肝素持续静滴加前列腺素E1脂质微球（Lipo-PGE1）。以更昔洛韦预防巨细胞病毒感染（CMV）方案。非亲缘供髓与受者间HLA-A、B、DR基因型完全相合8例,1个亚型不相合2例,2个亚型不相合1例。结果全部患者移植后均获得造血重建,中性粒细胞>0.5×109/kg中位时间18d,血小板>20×109/L中位时间27d。10例患者经DNA短串联重复序列多态性分析证明为供者骨髓植活。发生急性GVHDⅣ度1例,aGVHDⅡ度2例,重度VOD和Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞1例,出血性膀胱炎3例,死于间质性肺炎1例,1例患者于移植后7个月复发,予以供者淋巴细胞输注,目前尚处于治疗中。无病生存10例。结论非亲缘异基因骨髓移植术是急性和慢性白血病有效治疗方法。本组患者对aGVHD、VOD和CMV采用的预防方案是有效和安全的。     

外周血干细胞的采集

自体外周血干细胞移植 (APBSCT)具有造血及免疫重建快、瘤细胞污染少 ,采集时不需全麻等的优点已得到公认。干细胞的有效采集是移植的重要关键。1997年始我们使用细胞分离机COBESpectra采集患者经动员的PBSC。1　资料和方法1.1　例 1、例 2为非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者。例 1动员方案为阿糖胞苷 3.5g·d- 1 × 2d ,rhG -CSF 30 0ug·d- 1 × 8d ,rhGM-CSF 30 0ug·d- 1 × 9d,于化疗第 19天采集 (详见表 1)。例 2采用CHOPE +rhGM-CSF (VCR2mg ,ADR80mg ,CTX 1.0 ,Pred6 0mg·d- 1 × 5d ,VP1 6 10 0mg·d- 1 × 5d ,VP1 610 0m…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.