3.0T磁共振全心冠状动脉成像在诊断冠状动脉狭窄中的临床价值

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振全心冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉狭窄诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 应用3.0T MR自由呼吸三维导航快速梯度回波序列,对30例临床怀疑为冠心病患者进行MR全心冠状动脉成像检查,完成MR检查的27例中有19例进行了行冠状动脉造影检查,以血管造影为"金标准",初步估价3.0T磁共振全心冠脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄(>50%)的敏感性、特异性、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值.结果 30例进行MR全心冠状动脉成像的患者中,27例获得了满意的检查结果(84.5%),MR全心冠状动脉成像检查在进行了冠状动脉造影检查的患者中共发现24支冠状动脉显著狭窄.与冠状动脉造影结果对照,MR全心冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉显著性狭窄敏感性为73.91%,特异性为82.29%,准确度为77.19%,阳性预测值为70.83%,阴性预测值为87.88%.结论 3.0T磁共振全心冠脉成像能够无创性地进行冠状动脉成像,初步评价冠状动脉主干及近、中段狭窄.冠状动脉MRA表现了较高的阴性预测值,对排除冠状动脉狭窄具有较高的临床应用价值.     

非屏气三维导航技术磁共振冠状动脉成像

目的评价非屏气三维导航技术磁共振冠状动脉成像的可行性.方法应用非屏气三维导航技术磁共振冠状动脉成像方法,对20名受检者分别进行左、右冠状动脉成像,经后处理获得左、右冠状动脉血管图像.应用信噪比评价冠状动脉图像,并测量冠状动脉主干及其主要分支的显示长度.结果所有受检者均显像成功,冠状动脉图像的信号强度为129.3±20.63,信噪比为37.35±6.32,冠周组织的信号强度为33.4±13.11,信噪比为9.65±4.02,两者比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).左主干及左前降支、右冠及左回旋支冠状动脉的平均显示长度分别为(8.38±1.87) cm、(8.59±2.87) cm、(4.48±0.88) cm.结论非屏气三维导航技术磁共振冠状动脉成像有较高的信号强度和信噪比,应用于临床尚需进一步的对照研究.     

320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病临床诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病患者的临床诊断价值。方法:选取2020年1月—2021年12月广东省中医院收治的疑似冠心病患者184例。所有研究对象均采取320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠脉造影检查。以冠脉造影为金标准,分析320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对冠心病诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值;分析其对左主干(LMCA)、左前降支(LAD)、左侧回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA)病变的检查准确率。结果:320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠脉造影(金标准)检查结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);320排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对LM、LAD、LCX、RCA的病变检查准确率与冠脉造影检查相比,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论:320排螺旋CT冠脉成像在冠心病患者的临床诊断中的应用效果较好,且该检查方法安全无创、操作简单,可作为疑似冠心病患者临床诊断方式之一。     

对比增强磁共振冠状动脉成像的初步研究

目的　利用三维对比增强磁共振血管成像技术 ,对正常冠状动脉成像进行初步研究。方法　 30例健康志愿者进行对比增强磁共振冠状动脉成像 ,采用 3DFLASH压脂序列 ,心电触发、屏气状态下分别行左、右冠状动脉成像 ;经后处理得到左主干、左前降支、左回旋支和右冠脉的图像 ,对图像质量进行评分 ,并且测量血管分支显示长度。结果　对其中 2 6例健康志愿者的 10 4支冠状动脉分支进行了分析 ,85支血管较满意显示 (评分在 3分以上 ) ,其中左前降支 2 6例和右冠脉 2 6例均满意显示 ,左主干和左回旋支显示满意者分别为 2 1例和 12例。血管显示长度 :左主干(1.5 4± 0 .31)cm、左前降支 (6 .6 4± 0 .5 4 )cm、左回旋支 (2 .4 6± 0 .98)cm、右冠脉 (9.75± 1.14 )cm。显示血管分支长度与国内外同类研究相比近似。结论　对比增强磁共振技术可用于冠状动脉成像 ,但存在一些技术障碍。     

呼吸导航3D B-TFE序列磁共振冠状动脉成像

目的 评价呼吸导航3D B-TFE序列在冠状动脉成像中的图像质量.方法 用三维(3D)B-TFE(balanced turbo fieldecho)序列,呼吸导航门控技术,心电向量(VCG)R波触发门控技术,对41例受检者进行磁共振冠状动脉造影(MRCA)检查.对图像质量进行评分,测量冠状动脉主干及其分支的显示长度,并计算成像信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR).结果 评分≥2的病例共计38例.左主干(LM)、左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)及右冠状动脉(RCA)的血管长度分别为15.34±6.60mm、52.50±16.37mm、50.92±21.14mm、97.38±29.16mm;SNR和CNR分别为108.86±86.11、67.77±53.14.RCA远段显示率为75%,其余节段的显示率为91.66%～100%.结论 呼吸导航3D BTFE序列具有较高的图像信噪比;可在自由呼吸的情况下得到冠状动脉的影像;对冠状动脉主干的显示率较高,RCA和LCX远段显示率相对较低.     

CT冠脉血管成像诊断冠心病心绞痛与血管造影的一致性研究

目的:探究CT冠脉血管成像(CCTA)诊断冠心病心绞痛与血管造影的一致性.方法:回顾性分析101例血管造影确诊冠心病心绞痛患者临床资料,以血管造影检查为"金标准",评估CCTA对其病变血管的诊断效能.结果:CCTA诊断左前降支、冠状动脉主干、左回旋支、右冠状动脉的灵敏度分别为92.85％ (13/14)、93.75％ ...     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的临床价值

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT冠脉CCTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的临床价值.方法:连续纳入2018年10月-2019年12月我院收治的疑似冠心病患者98例,患者序贯接受64排螺旋CT冠脉CCTA和冠脉DSA造影检查.观察两组的诊断结果并评估冠脉CCTA的诊断价值.结果:两种诊断方式对左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠状动脉等血管支的...     

屏气法三维磁共振冠状动脉血管造影诊断先天性冠状动脉起源畸形

目的探讨屏气法三维磁共振冠状动脉造影(3D MRCA)显示畸形冠状动脉与主动脉根部、右心室流出道关系的可行性及价值.方法 5名临床拟诊患者、1例志愿者接受MRCA检查,以屏气法三维稳态进动快速成像(3D true-FISP)梯度回波序列采集图像,获得左、右冠状动脉图像,分析畸形冠状动脉近段与冠状动脉窦(Valsalva窦)、右心室流出道的位置关系.结果 6例MRCA均明确诊断先天性冠状动脉起源畸形,畸形血管近段均走行于主动脉根部与右心室流出道之间.结论屏气法3D MRCA可明确诊断先天性冠状动脉起源畸形,显示畸形冠状动脉近段的走行路经,是一种可行的影像诊断方法.     

冠脉CT成像技术在冠心病诊断上的临床价值

选取2013年2月~2014年2月来我院就诊的临床疑诊为冠心病患者40例共160支血管,同时进行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(64SCTCA)及冠状动脉造影(CAG),并对结果进行对比分析。结果 40例患者共160支血管,64SCTCA扫描检查结果为,98支冠状动脉狭窄(左前降48支,回旋支17支,左主干5支,右冠状动脉22支,桥支6支);CAG扫描检查结果为93支冠状动脉狭窄(左前降47支,回旋支16支,左主干5支,右冠状动脉20支,桥支5支)。64SCTCA和CAG扫描检查结果相符的病变血管为86支,敏感性为93%,特异性为95%(P>0.05),差异无显著统计学意义。在冠心病的临床诊断过程中,冠脉CT成像技术能够对中重度冠状动脉狭窄和冠脉粥样硬化斑块的定位和定性做出诊断,具有极高的敏感性和特异性。对于预测、早期诊断和积极治疗冠心病有非常重要的临床应用意义,值得临床推广应用。     

ATP负荷MR心肌灌注成像对冠心病心肌缺血诊断的临床应用研究

目的 研究ATP负荷MR心肌灌注成像对冠心病心肌缺血诊断的临床应用价值。方法将临床通过DSA冠脉造影诊断为冠心病患者30例，无症状健康志愿者5例，进行ATP负荷MR心肌灌注成像，ATP负荷MR心肌灌注成像应用真正快速稳态梯度回波序列（fast imaging employ steady state quisition，FIESTA）用于观察心肌的运动，快速梯度回波序列（fastcard gradient echo train，FGRE ET）用于心肌灌注首过时相MPd图像采集。反转恢复梯度回波序列（myocardial delay enhancement，MDE）用于完成心肌灌注延迟30分钟后MRI图像采集。应用GE AW4．0工作站DCEMI（Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Myocardial Imaging）心肌灌注图像分析软件，对左心室短轴心肌灌注首过时相图像进行分析，得到心肌灌注时间—信号强度曲线，观察曲线的上升斜率和信号强度的峰值。根据Brandt等描述的左心室短轴位与冠状动脉血管分布的对应关系，确定存在狭窄的冠状动脉血管。冠脉造影使用日本岛津公司DAR1200双C臂DSA机，以冠状动脉管径≤50％作为有临床意义的狭窄的诊断标准。结果 通过ATP负荷MR心肌灌注成像测定心肌低灌注区信号强度以及时间-信号强度曲线上升斜率可以判定心肌缺血区域，判定结果与冠脉造影结果比较，其中25例结果一致，5例结果不一致，符合率为83％。结论 ATP负荷MR心肌灌注成像通过测定心肌信号强度以及时间—信号强度曲线上升斜率量化指标，对于冠心病心肌缺血诊断结果与DSA冠脉造影检查结果具有高度的一致性，ATP负荷MR心肌灌注成像是一种无创性的测定心肌的血流的检查方法，通过这种无创性综合的检测技术可以为临床提供有价值的信息，为临床诊断及恰当治疗提供可靠的依据。     

Magnetic resonance coronary angiography using navigator echo gated real-time slice following

Navigator echo gating allows for the elimination of breath-holding in MR imaging by providing a real-time monitor of respiratory position to gate image acquisition. In this study we examined the advantages and utility of real-time, navigator echo gated slice following technique in 2D magnetic resonance coronary angiography of patients with coronary artery disease. Thirteen patients with coronary artery disease were examined. MR images of the right coronary artery (RCA) were obtained parallel to the atrioventricular groove to image long sections of the RCA in a small number of slices. In-plane resolution was 0.7 × 0.9 mm and 2–6 signals were averaged to support this high spatial resolution. Targeted maximum intensity projection (MIP) images were generated from the slices to present the RCA in a single image. All patients had x-ray angiograms available for comparison with the MR images. Using the navigator echo gated real-time slice following technique, MRI successfully obtained images in 11 of 13 cases. The technique failed in two patients with irregular breathing patterns. The average length of the RCA seen in the 11 successful MR exams was 61 mm and the average length seen in the x-ray angiograms was 80 mm. Eight patients were determined to be without disease in the RCA by x-ray angiography, and all eight were correctly identified as normal on the MRI exam. In the three patients who had a sucessful MRI exam and were determined to have disease in the RCA by x-ray angiography, MRI identified the lesion in two cases. In the third case MRI indicated a discrete lesion and x-ray angiography indicated diffuse disease without a focal lesion. Navigator echo gating improves patient tolerance, provides aligned sections of coronaries over multiple slices, and allows for improved resolution through signal averaging. This preliminary patient study suggests that navigator echo gated magnetic resonance coronary angiography may play a role in evaluating coronary artery disease.     

彩色多普勒超声评价肱动脉直径和血流介导的扩张反应与冠心病的关系

目的 采用彩色多普勒超声评价肱动脉直径和血流介导的扩张反应(FMD)与冠心病的关系。方法 随机入选因胸痛住院并行冠状动脉造影检查的患者45例，在冠状动脉造影前进行肱动脉超声检查，分别测量肱动脉直径和加压充血后肱动脉直径的变化，通过冠状动脉造影确定冠心病组患者22例，非冠心病组患者23例，分别比较结果。结果 冠心病组较非冠心病组休息时肱动脉直径差异有统计学意义，而FMD则差异无统计学意义。结论 利用超声测量肱动脉直径可以作为一种无创性诊断冠心病的方法。     

动态心电图与常规心电图诊断无症状心肌缺血的相关分析

目的:探讨动态心电图与常规心电图对无症状心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法:经冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病患者156例行12导联动态心电图和常规心电图检查,比较2种方法无症状心肌缺血的检出率。结果:符合动态心电图24h心肌缺血发作要求者156例,其中有症状心肌缺血45例,占28.85%(45/156),无症状心肌缺血111例,占71.15%(111/156)。符合常规心电图心肌缺血发作要求者76例,占48.72%(76/156),其中有症状心肌缺血42例,占26.92%(42/156),无症状心肌缺血34例,占21.80%(34/156)。2种检查方法无症状心肌缺血的检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:无症状心肌缺血冠心病患者常见,动态心电图可提高心肌缺血,尤其是无症状心肌缺血检出率。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of coronary artery occlusions in the navigator technique

Non-invasive assessment of coronary arteries is possible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Respiratory gated MR coronary angiography is a new imaging technique that permits reconstruction of the coronary arteries based on a three-dimensional (3D) data set obtained from the free-breathing patient. In this study, respiratory gated MR angiography (MRA) was performed to assess coronary artery occlusions. MRI was performed in 25 patients who had been referred for conventional coronary angiography because of suspected coronary artery disease. Coronary artery occlusion was evaluated in the proximal and middle vessel segments after multiplanar coronary reconstruction of the MR images. Five patients were excluded from the study; in the remaining 20 patients 120 coronary artery segments were analyzed. Good image quality could be obtained for 85% of the segments. Eighteen of the 24 occlusions were confirmed by MRI, the overall sensitivity was 75% and the specificity was 100%. The best results were found in the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) and descending parts of the right coronary artery (RCA), where all occlusions were confirmed. These results showed that coronary artery occlusions can be detected in the proximal and middle LAD and RCA using 3D respiratory gated MRA. Further technical improvements, especially in spatial resolution, are necessary before MRA can become a reliable diagnostic tool in the non-invasive evaluation of coronary arteries.     

16层CT冠状动脉成像与选择性冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的:探讨16层CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的显示情况及临床价值。方法:39例患者进行16层CT冠状动脉造影检查(疑似冠心病者31例,PTCA术后8例)及选择性冠状动脉造影。分析16层CT对冠状动脉各节段的显示情况。以管腔直径减小>50%为标准,判定冠状动脉狭窄。分析16层CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性及符合率,及对病变性质的显示情况。结果:16层CT对冠状动脉的总体显示率为94.8%(333/351)。评价冠状动脉病变的总体敏感性为82.2%,特异性为94.7%,符合率为86.0%。16层CT显示钙化及非钙化斑块混合存在致血管狭窄21处,高估3处;中间密度斑块致狭窄8处,高估3处;软斑块3处,无显著狭窄。16层CT能清晰显示支架位置、形态及远端血流,1例再狭窄,1例闭塞,余通畅,其结果与选择性冠状动脉造影一致。另外,16层CT显示冠状动脉起源变异2例,前降支冠状动脉瘤1例,室壁瘤1例,房间隔缺损1例。结论:16层CT冠状动脉成像是一种颇具潜力的无创性检查方法,能够较为准确、全面的评价冠状动脉病变。     

MRI of coronary arteries

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) of the coronary arteries has recently become possible due to the development of a new group of ultrafast imaging sequences. Although the role of coronary MR angiography in screening for coronary artery lesions has not yet been established, coronary MR angiography has been very successful in the detection of coronary artery variants, and the imaging of coronary stents and bypass grafts. Variants of these new MRI techniques can also quantitate velocity in native coronary arteries. Coronary MR angiographic techniques can be subdivided in breath-hold (single or repeated breath-hold) and non-breath-hold techniques. Most of the clinical experience so far has been with a single breath-hold technique, and was limited to cooperative patients. The recent introduction of navigator pulses for real-time respiratory gating or triggering allows non-breath-hold or repeated breath-hold 3–D coronary MR angiography, and will allow a more widespread use of this technique. Notwithstanding the progress being made and the excitement created by the prospect of a noninvasive coronary artery screening tool, several key technical problems remain unresolved and are now being addressed by the scientific and clinical community. This paper reviews ongoing research in coronary MR angiography.     

Detection of coronary stenoses with contrast enhanced, three-dimensional free breathing coronary MR angiography using the gadolinium-based intravascular contrast agent gadocoletic acid (B-22956).

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic value of the intravascular contrast agent gadocoletic acid (B-22956) in three-dimensional, free breathing coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for stenosis detection in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease. METHODS: Eighteen patients underwent three-dimensional, free breathing coronary MRA of the left and right coronary system before and after intravenous application of a single dose of gadocoletic acid (B-22956) using three different dose regimens (group A 0.050 mmol/kg; group B 0.075 mmol/kg; group C 0.100 mmol/kg). Precontrast scanning followed a coronary MRA standard non-contrast T2 preparation/turbo-gradient echo sequence (T2Prep); for postcontrast scanning an inversion-recovery gradient echo sequence was used (real-time navigator correction for both scans). In pre- and postcontrast scans quantitative analysis of coronary MRA data was performed to determine the number of visible side branches, vessel length and vessel sharpness of each of the three coronary arteries (LAD, LCX, RCA). The number of assessable coronary artery segments was determined to calculate sensitivity and specificity for detection of stenosis > or = 50% on a segment-to-segment basis (16-segment-model) in pre- and postcontrast scans with x-ray coronary angiography as the standard of reference. RESULTS: Dose group B (0.075 mmol/kg) was preferable with regard to improvement of MR angiographic parameters: in postcontrast scans all MR angiographic parameters increased significantly except for the number of visible side branches of the left circumflex artery. In addition, assessability of coronary artery segments significantly improved postcontrast in this dose group (67 versus 88%, p < 0.01). Diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) was 83, 77 and 78% for precontrast and 86, 95 and 94% for postcontrast scans. CONCLUSIONS: The use of gadocoletic acid (B-22956) results in an improvement of MR angiographic parameters, asssessability of coronary segments and detection of coronary stenoses > or = 50%.     

Cardiac magnetic resonance simultaneously evaluates Leriche syndrome and prior inferior myocardial infarction

A woman with ECG findings suspicious of ischemic heart disease was referred for coronary angiography, but this was impossible via the left or right iliac arteries because of total occlusion. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed to assess the anatomy of the abdominal aorta, cardiac function, and myocardial viability in a single study. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) revealed Leriche syndrome resulting from occlusion of the infrarenal aorta and common iliac arteries. Delayed contrast enhancement indicated full thickness nonviable myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography via the right radial artery revealed proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. This is the first case that illustrates the value of CMR as a time-saving non-invasive imaging technique with the ability to do in a single study what might otherwise take two studies.     

64排螺旋CTA与DSA在冠状动脉造影中的诊断价值比较

目的：比较64排螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）与数字减影血管造影（DSA）在冠状动脉造影中的诊断价值。方法选取河北省人民医院2011年6月至2014年1月经临床表现拟诊的54例行MSCTA与DSA检查的冠心病患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其临床资料,结合相关文献,比较MSCTA与DSA在冠状动脉造影中的诊断价值。结果54例患者共获得652支可评价血管。MSCTA检查与DSA法检出冠状动脉狭窄血管支数比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．727,P＞0．05）。两种检查方法检出冠状动脉内斑块性质比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．583, P＞0．05）。结论 MSCTA检查空间分辨率高,MSCT检查对冠状动脉粥样硬化狭窄及斑块性质的判断上具有较大的实际意义,适合临床普及应用。     

Visual assessment of coronary artery stenosis with electrocardiographically-gated multislice computed tomography

BACKGROUND: With faster image acquisition times and thinner slice widths, multislice detector computed tomography (MSCT) allows visualization of human coronary arteries. Significantly improved image quality, with high resolution and new software for three-dimensional post-processing, has made noninvasive examination of the cavities within human body possible. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ECG-gated MSCT for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis and occlusions. METHODS: In 25 patients (19 male and 6 female aged 65+/-9 years) with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease, ECG-gated MSCT angiography was performed with an 8-slice MSCT scanner. Visual coronary arteries were simulated in three coronary arteries. Conventional coronary angiographies were performed in all patients. And coronary lesions in MSCT were estimated by two observers, who did not know the results of the coronary angiography. RESULTS: Current MSCT allows visual coronary artery with good image quality. The overall sensitivity for diagnosing significant coronary stenosis were 75.0%, the specificity was 95.6%. The positive and negative predictive values were 84.9 and 92.2%, respectively. The accuracy of MSCT for detecting coronary stenosis is the highest in the left main tranck and left anterior descending coronary artery, and lowest in the circumflex coronary artery. CONCLUSION: MSCT was feasible for the detection of coronary artery stenosis.