oVEMP as an objective indicator of successful repositioning maneuver

Background and objective

Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder. Canalolithiasis in the posterior semi-circular canal is the most common underlying pathology that can be treated effectively by repositioning maneuvers. Our hypothesis suggested that successful maneuvers can lead to repositioning of dislodged otoconia to the utricle.

Effects of postural restriction after modified Epley maneuver on recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Objective

In the present study, we calculated the success rate of the modified Epley maneuver and determined the effectiveness of post-maneuver positional restriction in terms of the prevention of early and late recurrence.

Methods

The present study was conducted on 78 patients who had unilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) of the posterior semicircular canal (SCC) and who were treated in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Susehri State Hospital. The Dix–Hallpike test was performed on all patients. After the involved canal was identified using this test, we guided patients through the modified Epley repositioning maneuver. A maximum of two maneuvers were performed in the same session. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was not advised any positional restriction, while the second group was advised positional restriction for 10 days after the procedure. Recurrences during 1–90 days after the treatment were noted as early recurrences, while those that occurred after 90 days were noted as late recurrences.

Results

In the restriction group (n = 39), repositioning was successful after a single maneuver in 32 (82.05%) patients and after two maneuvers in 5 (12.8%) patients. Repositioning failed in two (5.1%) patients. In the non-restriction group (n = 39), repositioning was successful after a single maneuver in 31 (79.4%) patients and after two maneuvers in 6 (15.3%) patients. Repositioning failed in two (5.1%) patients. Thus, the success rate was 94.8% in each group. Early recurrence occurred in 3 (8.1%) of 37 patients in the restriction group and 2 (5.4%) of 37 patients in the non-restriction group (p > 0.05). Late recurrence occurred in 5 (13.5%) of 37 patients in both the restriction and non-restriction groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Postural restriction after a canalith repositioning procedure does not improve procedural success or decrease early and late recurrence rates. However, the number of patients was too small to detect a difference between both treatment groups.     

Eficacia de las maniobras de reposicionamiento canalicular en el vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno: revisión de 176 casos tratados en un centro hospitalario de tercer nivel

Introduction and objectives

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common peripheral vertigo disease. The aim of this paper is to review the results obtained with the different specific particle repositioning manoeuvres, evaluating the possible risk factors linked to a poorer prognosis.

A cupulolith repositioning maneuver in the treatment of horizontal canal cupulolithiasis

Objective

We evaluated outcomes and their significance of a new treatment method for horizontal canal cupulolithiasis that could be applied regardless of the side of the cupula where otoliths are attached.

Methods

Consecutive 78 patients who showed persistent apogeotropic horizontal canal positional vertigo (horizontal canal cupulolithiasis) were enrolled, and they were treated with the new cupulolith repositioning maneuver.

Results

Horizontal semicircular canal cupulolithiasis was alleviated in 97.4% of patients, after an average of 2.1 repetitions of the maneuver. Otoliths were suspected to be attached to the canal side of the cupula in 30 cases and the utricular side in 44 cases.

Conclusion

The cupulolith repositioning maneuver is an effective method for treating horizontal canal cupulolithiasis. It may also provide an insight into the side of the cupula where otoliths are attached.     

Subjective visual vertical before and after treatment of a BPPV episode

Objective

The study analyses the behavior of subjective visual vertical (SVV) in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) before and after treatment, and offers a clinical-pathogenic interpretation.

Methods

We studied 30 consecutive patients with BPPV of the posterior semicircular canal treated with the Epley repositioning maneuver. SVV was determined at three different stages: at the time of diagnosis (1st test), after the repositioning maneuver (2nd test), and then 7 days after the resolution of the clinical picture (3rd test). The main study parameter was represented by the mean of 6 consecutive measurements (SVV₀) for each patient. SVV was also examined in 20 healthy subjects, who represented the control group. The comparison between mean values and standard deviations showed a statistical significance of p < 0.05.

Results

During the first test, the degree of deviation of SVV was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. Tilting towards the affected side was observed in all cases. The 2nd test showed an inversion in the orientation of SVV in 16 patients, and as a result of the Epley maneuver there was a statistically significant variation in SVV₀ values in 20 patients with respect to the previous test (2nd test vs. 1st test). This involved 87% (23 patients) of those who then had a negative Dix-Hallpike test, and none of the ones in whom paroxysmal positional nystagmus persisted. Lastly, no differences emerged in the behavior of the patient group vs. the control group during the third test.

Conclusions

SVV is often altered during active BPPV. The degree of otolithic dysfunction is never high and, in all cases, it is brief in duration. Tilting towards the dysfunctional side is essentially a constant in untreated BPPV. This could be due to a substantial loss of otoconia, with a decrease in the density and specific weight of the macula, and thus hypofunction of the receptor. The observation of a significant variation in SVV after therapeutic maneuvers has a favorable predictive value, as it probably reflects the migration of otoliths to the utricle, where saturation mechanisms can often have irritative effects leading to the inversion of SVV.     

Analysis of non-posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in patients treated using the particle repositioning chair: A large,single-institution series

Purpose

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) involving the horizontal and superior semicircular canals is difficult to study due to variability in diagnosis. We aim to compare disease, treatment, and outcome characteristics between patients with BPPV of non-posterior semicircular canals (NP-BPPV) and BPPV involving the posterior canal only (P-BPPV) using the particle repositioning chair as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

Fracture probability assessed using FRAX® in elderly women with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Objective

Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can have vitamin D deficiency, which is a cause of abnormal bone turnover. Several studies have established a relationship between osteoporosis and BPPV. The World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool, widely known as FRAX^® (http://www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX), is a computer-based algorithm for assessing fracture risk. No direct comparison has been made between the FRAX scores of patients with BPPV and controls. The purpose of this study was to determine whether women with BPPV are at high risk of fracture as assessed using FRAX.

25 (OH) D3 levels,incidence and recurrence of different clinical forms of benig paroxysmal positional vertigo

Introduction

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common cause of dizziness in the general population. It is a condition with potential impact of reduced levels of vitamin D on its recurrent attacks.

Spontaneous nystagmus in horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Objective

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of horizontal semicircular canal (HSC-BPPV) is characterized by either geotropic or apogeotropic nystagmus induced by head roll test. Some patients also present with spontaneous nystagmus. The aim of this study is to examine the clinical manifestation of spontaneous nystagmus in HSC-BPPV and evaluate the effect on the treatment outcome.

Patients and methods

Electronystagmography and video eye movement recordings of 125 patients diagnosed as HSC-BPPV were reviewed retrospectively. Presence of spontaneous nystagmus was analyzed and treatment outcome after repositioning therapy was compared.

Results

Overall, spontaneous nystagmus was observed in 19 patients (15.2%) with HSC-BPPV at initial presentation. In canalolithiasis group (n = 64), the treatment outcome did not differ between patients with or without spontaneous nystagmus. However, in cupulolithiasis group (n = 61), patients presenting with spontaneous nystagmus (n = 10) required more repositioning therapy sessions.

Conclusion

The presence of spontaneous nystagmus at initial presentation may implicate poorer treatment outcome in cupulolithiasis HSC-BPPV patients.     

Pseudo-Spontaneous Nystagmus in Lateral Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Objectives

Spontaneous nystagmus, which has been considered a typical sign of acute vestibulopathy, has recently been reported in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo involving the lateral semicircular canals (LC-BPPV) without unilateral vestibulopathy (pseudo-spontaneous nystagmus, PSN), but research about its clinical application is still limited. Here we investigate the frequency and characteristics of PSN in LC-BPPV patients, and estimate its prognostic value.

Methods

For 95 patients with LC-BPPV, we examined nystagmus in the sitting position in the clinic with video goggles. Patients were categorized as PSN or non-PSN, according to presence of horizontal nystagmus in the sitting position at diagnosis. The duration of vertiginous symptoms before diagnosis and the duration of treatment were compared between the two groups. The results of video-nystagmography test were reviewed when available.

Results

PSN was examined in 16 (16.8%) patients, all of whose symptoms disappeared immediately after successful repositioning therapy. While the duration of symptoms did not differ statistically between groups (P=0.481), the duration of treatment in the PSN group was significantly longer than in the non-PSN group (P<0.001).

Conclusion

We conclude that the presence of spontaneous nystagmus in the sitting position does not preclude a diagnosis of LC-BPPV without unilateral vestibulopathy. PSN was related to a poor outcome of LC-BPPV in this study.     

Vibration with the canalith repositioning maneuver: a prospective randomized study to determine efficacy

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to determine whether the inclusion of vibration and additional treatment cycles has an effect on short- and long-term success rates in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with the canalith repositioning maneuver. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study of patients treated at a tertiary vestibular rehabilitation center. METHODS: Variables identified for statistical analysis included patient age, gender, vibration used, and canalith repositioning cycles. Analysis using Student t test, chi2 test, Kaplan-Meier curves with log rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression was performed. RESULTS: One hundred two patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treated over a 1-year period (August 2001-August 2002) were randomly assigned to receive the canalith repositioning maneuver with or without vibration. Average duration of follow-up was 9.44 months. The single treatment success rate was 93.1%. To relieve symptoms, 29.4% of patients required more than one canalith repositioning cycle. The relapse rate was 30.5%. Thirty-nine patients were assigned to the canalith repositioning group with vibration, and 63 to the canalith repositioning group without vibration. There was no statistical difference in age, gender, initial success rates, or relapse rates between the canalith repositioning groups with and without vibration. On average, patients required 1.38 canalith repositioning cycles for successful treatment. Vibration did not affect the number of canalith repositioning cycles required to convert the Dix-Hallpike test result to normal. The need for additional canalith repositioning cycles had no statistical effect on initial treatment success or relapse rates. CONCLUSION: Vibration provided no additional benefit in initial treatment success or in reducing long-term relapse rates when included in the canalith repositioning maneuver. Many patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo require more than one canalith repositioning cycle at the time of initial treatment to relieve symptoms, but this does not indicate a higher likelihood for recurrence. No variable predicted a higher rate of recurrence.     

Repeated canalith repositioning procedure in BPPV: Effects on recurrence and dizziness prevention

Purpose

To evaluate whether a repeated canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) influences the residual symptoms and the rate of recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in patients with post-CRP dizziness.

特发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者双温试验的分析

目的：探讨特发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）患者双温试验以及双温试验异常的可能机制。方法：2005—2008年诊断明确的96例特发性BPPV患者,随机分为2组：第1组52例,在诊断明确后复位治疗前进行双温试验;第2组44例,在复位治疗后变位试验阴性后进行双温试验。以半规管轻瘫指数作为比较参数,χ^2检验比较2组半规管轻瘫异常的比例。结果：2组患者比较,除第1组年龄较第2组低,性别比例、受累半规管比例、侧别、病程、是否反复发作各个因素之间没有明显差别。双温试验的比较以半规管轻瘫作为比较参数,2组患者温度试验半规管轻瘫异常的比例进行χ^1检验（t=0．654,P〈0．05）,2组半规管轻瘫出现的比例相似,管石复位前后温度试验异常出现的比例差别没有统计学意义。结论：双温试验异常的原因可能是因为前庭系统存在广泛病变,飘动的耳石对内淋巴液的流动影响不大。     

Clinicopathologic factors associated with recurrence in parotid carcinoma

Introduction

Parotid carcinomas have varying histological types and diverse biologic behaviors. Establishing an adequate treatment plan and predicting recurrence is important.

Repositioning intervals in the modified Epley’s maneuver and their effect on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treatment outcome

Introduction: This study showed that short and long interval treatments achieved comparable success rates. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of early and late recurrences between the two groups. Modified Epley maneuver can be applied in a short interval time with comparable success and recurrence rates which are as effective as in a long interval time.

Objective: The Epley maneuver is called the particle repositioning or canalith repositioning procedure. If a short time interval in each position is effective, it will allow for reduced time and avoid unnecessary physical burden. How long of a stay in each position is not determined in the literature. There is an absence of comparative studies of the BPPV repositioning time. The aim of this study is to compare the treatment time in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Study design: Longitudinal prospective study.

Setting: Outpatient practice in a tertiary care facility.

Subjects and methods: Sixty consecutive patients with BPPV were included in this study. These patients were sequentially allocated to one of two groups (A or B). The interval times between each position in group A and B were 15 and 120?s, respectively. Modified Epley maneuver was performed in all patients. The maneuvers in both groups were exactly the same sequence of movements, except interval times.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.25 years (range =19–76 years). Of the 60 patients, 48 (80%) were women and 12 (20%) were men. Successful outcome was achieved in 26 patients (86.7%) after the first modified Epley maneuver in both groups. Three patients from each group (total six patients) responded to the third modified Epley maneuver and the remaining two patients did not respond to any modified Epley maneuver. Therefore, the Semont maneuver was applied with a successful result.     

Our experience with 500 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: Reexploring aetiology and reevaluating MRI investigation

Objective

To explore the aetiology of and to evaluate the importance of MRI investigation on the posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in an Irish population.

Modified Particle Repositioning Procedure

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of modifications to traditional particle repositioning maneuvers in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Study Design Prospective trial of 118 patients with cupolocanalithiasis of the posterior canal treated with three different canal‐repositioning techniques. Methods Results were compared with the maneuvers employed and the statistical importance of rotating patients by 360° along their longitudinal axis and head shaking on reaching each single position were evaluated. Results Treatment of patients with our maneuver, which, in comparison with traditional repositioning maneuvers, was modified by breaking the procedure up into seven positions and rotating patients by 360° along their longitudinal axis, gives a higher, but not statistically significant, number of treatment successes (84.5%) than the traditional Parnes maneuver (60%) (P = .154); treatment of a third group of patients with our modified particle repositioning maneuver with the addition of head‐shaking on reaching each single position gives a higher (95.6%), statistically significant number of treatment successes than traditional Parnes maneuver (P = .00011). Conclusions The success rates achieved from modified particle repositioning maneuvers are statistically significant. Onset or persistence of dizziness, which patients frequently complain of after liberatory maneuvers, affects only 5.6% of the patients treated. This low incidence is statistically correlated to head‐shaking.     

Gender difference and laterality of sleep position

Objective

A higher incidence in women (approximately 7:3) and a predominant involvement of the right ear (approximately 7:5) are interesting features of BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo). It is speculated that these features are related to sleep position. The first aim of this study was to compare the frequency of position shifts during sleep between men and women. The second aim was to elucidate any differences in sleep position between men and women. The third aim was to clarify the laterality of sleep position.

门诊复位加自我复位治疗后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕

目的：比较首次治疗时单纯门诊复位法（改良Epley法）与门诊复位加自我复位法（自我改良Epley法）治疗单侧原发性后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕（PC-BPPV）的疗效。方法：我科眩晕门诊确诊为原发性单侧PC-BPPV的150例患者中,147例符合条件并配合随访。将其随机分为单纯门诊复位组（73例）和门诊复位加自我复位组（74例）,前者在门诊采用改良Epley法治疗,后者采用门诊改良Epley法复位加自我复位法（自我改良Epley法）治疗。结果：1周时,单纯门诊复位组治愈率为53．4％,门诊复位加自我复位组治愈率为83．8％（P〈O．01）。单纯门诊复位组中,手法复位与复位椅复位成功率分别为45．9％和61．1％（P〉0．05）,风险比为0．752,95％CI为0．486～1．163;门诊复位加自我复位组中,手法复位与复位椅复位成功率分别为87．5％和81．O％（P〉0．05）,风险比为1．081,95％CI为0．8881．316。两组严重不良反应发生率：单纯门诊复位组0,门诊复位加自我复位组为1．3％（P〉O．05）。结论：门诊复位配合自我复位比单纯门诊复位法能更快、更有效地治愈后半规管BPPV,能有效地减少患者的就诊次数;两组患者严重不良反应发生率无明显差异。单纯复位椅比手法复位效果更好,但自我复位可减少两种复位方法的效果差距,可用于配合程度较好的后半规管BPPV患者。     

Anterior Canal benign paroxysmal positional Vertigo following surgical Management of superior canal dehiscence

Objective

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common post-surgical finding in patients managed for superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). The posterior semicircular canal has been reported as the involved canal in the majority of cases of post-surgical BPPV, with only two cases reported of lateral canal involvement. The objective of this report is to present a case in which an anterior semicircular canal BPPV response was identified in a patient following surgical management for SSCD.