直升机与歼击机飞行员改装体检血尿酸及血脂资料比较分析

目的比较分析直升机与歼击机飞行员改装体检的血尿酸和血脂资料,初步了解上述指标在不同机种飞行员之间的差别。方法收集在我院进行改装体检的82名飞行员的血尿酸及血脂资料,分两组（直升机组和歼击机组各41人）,比较各项指标的组间差别。结果两组年龄及飞行时间均无统计学差别。组间血尿酸及血脂指标（TC、TG、HDL-C）的差别无统计学意义。直升机组血脂异常者共17人（占41.46%）,歼击机组血脂异常者共20人（占48.78%）。直升机组高尿酸血症者3人（占7.32%）,歼击机组高尿酸血症者5人（占12.20%）。组间高尿酸血症及血脂异常发病率的差别无统计学意义。结论参加改装体检的直升机飞行员与歼击机飞行员的血尿酸及血脂指标没有显著差别,但总体高尿酸血症和血脂异常的发生率较高,应注意改装后的健康管理,重点随访。     

2018—2020年住院军事飞行人员血脂水平及异常类型分析

目的 对2018—2020年住院飞行人员的血脂水平及异常类型进行分析,为血脂异常及相关疾病防治提供依据。方法以《中国成人血脂异常防治指南（2016年修订版）》方案为基础,结合我国动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（atherosclerotic cardiovasculardisease,ASCVD）一级预防人群血脂合适水平和异常分层标准,对2018年1月—2020年12月期间住院的2874例男性飞行人员血脂数据根据年龄、体质量指数（BMI）不同亚组进行回顾性分析。结果 2 874例住院飞行人员中血脂异常检出率为59.4%,高三酰甘油（triglyceride,TG）血症占21.8%,低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）血症占16.0%,高胆固醇（totalcholesterol,TC）血症占15.5%,混合型高脂血症占6.0%;不同年龄组间飞行人员的TC、TG等差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,特别是25岁之后血脂水平会出现明显变化,随着年龄的增加飞行人员低HDL-C血症的发生率会逐渐上升,而其高TG血症、高TC血症...     

飞行员血脂谱调查

目的 调查飞行员血脂水平现状及血脂谱异常特征,并提出血脂异常防治策略及血脂水平划分标准的建议.方法 收集了按我国血脂测定标准化要求测定的591例飞行员、144例其他空勤人员（年龄21～55岁）的血脂谱,1136例普通人群作为对照进行统计分析.每组再按每5岁年龄段分组,分为7个年龄组.分析3组人群不同年龄组血浆三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）水平及其异常发生率.结果飞行员高TG血症占首位,异常发生率为26.73%.低HDL-C、高TC、高LDL-C异常发生率分别为10.02%、7.28%、6.30%.血脂异常高发生率年龄在36～55岁间,尤其是41～55岁间.血脂异常发生率与飞行员年龄、飞行时间有关,与飞行机种无关.飞行员高TG年龄比普通人群早5岁,HDL-C降低年龄比其TG增高年龄晚10岁,高TC、高LDL-C年龄比普通人群迟5～10岁.飞行员和其他空勤人员高TC发生率,与普通人群相比,差异有显著意义（P＜0.05）.与20年前调查结果相比,飞行员TG水平明显增高、HDL-C水平略有降低,血脂谱已由20年前的高TC血症转变成以高TG、低HDL-C血症为主要特征.本组飞行员与欧洲飞行员相比,血脂异常高发生率年龄段相似,高TG、低HDL-C血症发生率相似,而高TC血症发生率却远远低于欧洲飞行员.结论 飞行员血脂异常防治策略以高TG、低HDL-C为首要目标.提出了我军飞行员血脂水平划分标准和血脂异常防治方案的初步建议.     

疗养飞行人员高脂血症调查分析及干预措施

目的调查分析2010—03～2012—08疗养的飞行人员高脂血症患病率及相关特点和规律。方法依据疗养飞行人员入院72h内完成大体检的检验结果：血清总胆固醇（TC）≥5．17mmol／L,血清甘油三酯（TG）≥1．71mmol／L为诊断标准。检验仪器为日本产,东芝120型全智能生化分析仪。结果3772例飞行人员中,单纯高胆固醇血症482例,患病率为12．78％;单纯高甘油三酯血症404例,患病率为10．71％;两者均高者425例,患病率为11．27％。各年龄组间比较,以上三种检验结果发病率均为30—39岁年龄组〉21—29岁年龄组〉40岁以上年龄组。各机种间比较,歼击机组〉教练机组一运输机组〉直升机组〉轰炸机组〉预警机组。危险因素与高脂血症伴随情况如下：每周体能训练3次以下者71．53％,体质指数（BMI）大于标准者68．24％,每日吸烟10支以上者65．65％,每周饮酒3次以上、每次饮酒150ml以上者52．76％,伴高血压46．12％,伴糖尿病2．12％。结论健康疗养飞行人员的高脂血症应引起高度重视,加强飞行人员的营养干预、运动干预等生活方式干预和营养知识教育刻不容缓。     

480例歼击机飞行员体检资料分析

目的 分析歼击机飞行员体检资料，发现问题、提出对策。方法 统计1999年至今在我中心为改装高性能机种进行健康体检的480例歼击机飞行员病历资料，综合分析，得出结论。结果 检出50余种疾病及病症。患高脂血症及脂肪肝者占29.7％；经X线、CT、MRI检出颈、腰椎有异常表现者占23.1％；加速度耐力不良者占8.9％。结论 歼击机飞行员应注意预防高脂血症、颈、腰椎病等，提高加速度耐力，加强心理训练。     

高甘油三酯血症及防治

高甘油三酯血症(HTG)即IV型高脂蛋白血症是我国发病率最高的一类高脂血症。据在成都地区调查,在WHO六型高脂血症中IV型最多占65％。多年来人们一直误认为中国人的血脂异常主要是甘油三酯(TG)升高,是巾国人以碳水化合物为主的饮食结构所致．故认为TG升高似乎和动脉粥样硬化(AS)形成和冠心病(CHD)的发生没有可信的。     

民航飞行员血脂现状调查分析

目的 调查中国民航飞行员的血脂现状,为做好血脂异常的防治提供依据. 方法 收集2009年度中国民航11 817名飞行员的血脂数据,分析和评价不同年龄、不同性别和不同国籍飞行员的血脂水平和血脂异常的患病率. 结果 中国民航飞行员的血脂平均水平及其异常率分别为:TC:(4.65±0.94) mmol/L和25.7％; TG:(1.35±0.91) mmol/L和23.0％; HDL-C:(1.31±0.38) mmol/L和21.2％;LDL-C:(2.73±0.90) mmol/L和21.4％.血脂异常的患病率为51.4％,男、女性飞行员分别为52.2％、29.5％,血脂水平和血脂异常的患病率随年龄增长而呈增加的趋势.此外,男性飞行员血脂TC、TG、HDL-C及LDL-C的异常率高于女性飞行员(x2=6.31、61.48、59.29、14.20,P＜0.05或0.01).与中国籍飞行员相比,外籍飞行员的TC和LDL-C的水平较高(Z=13.29、14.92,P＜0.01)、异常率较高(x2=154.14、240.24,P＜0.01). 结论 中国民航飞行员血脂水平和血脂异常的患病率较高,需要采取有效的预防措施和医学干预.     

歼击机飞行员嗅功能档案的建立及160例资料分析

目的建立歼击机飞行员嗅功能档案，动态观察其变化。方法在改装体检时，用五味试嗅液测试飞行员对5种气味（A-酸味、B-香蕉味、C-薄荷味、D-花香味、E-恶臭味）的嗅觉识别阈（RT），并计算受检者的嗅阈级别值[OT=（RTa＋RTb＋RTc＋RTd＋RTe）／5]，建立歼击机飞行员嗅功能档案，并对其中的160份资料进行分析。结果①嗅功能正常的125例（-1≤OT≤1），占78．13％；减弱的32例（1〈OT≤2），占17．78％；明显减弱的3例（2〈OT≤3），占1．88％。②除1例外，另159例耳鼻咽喉专科改装体检飞行合格。结论中国空军歼击机飞行员的嗅功能总体状况良好，但对少数嗅功能减弱者今后应随访观察。建立歼击机飞行员的嗅功能档案是十分必要的，对嗅觉功能正常者应每2～3年复查1次。     

调脂药物的合理选择

从实用角度出发,血脂异常可进行简易的临床分型,分为高TG血症、高胆固醇血症、混合型高脂血症、低HDL-C血症,而且肾病综合征、糖尿病、甲状腺功能减退症等还可以引起继发性血脂异常。     

调脂药物的合理选择

从实用角度出发,血脂异常可进行简易的临床分型,分为高TG血症、高胆固醇血症、混合型高脂血症、低HDL-C血症,而且肾病综合征、糖尿病、甲状腺功能减退症等还可以引起继发性血脂异常。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.