接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人群血清抗体阳性率及相关因素分析

目的 分析甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种效果和影响因素,为流感疫苗接种规划制定提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,在2010年1月、4月、8月共抽取1 941名甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种者进行问卷调查,并运用血清抗凝实验方法检测抗体水平.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗抗体阳性率为59.51%,0～岁和60岁及以上人群抗体阳性率较低,6～岁和16～岁人群抗体阳性率较高,抗体水平随时间推移逐渐下降.结论 流感疫苗是防止疫情最有效措施之一,在流感高峰期来临前,要加强疫苗接种、补种,特别是60岁及以上的老年人和5岁以下儿童.     

北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平及其疫苗免疫效果

目的了解北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,评价甲型H1N1流感疫苗免疫效果,为卫生部门制定预防控制措施和策略提供依据。方法随机选取顺义区12个乡街的5岁以上健康人群(202名)采集免疫前静脉血检测抗体,评估健康人群抗体水平;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后,各年龄组随机选取部分人群做免疫后抗体水平检测,评估疫苗免疫效果。结果 202份血清标本中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平阳性率46.53%(94/202),与北京市人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平检测结果差异有统计学意义。抗体几何平均滴度倒数(GMRT)为32.78。不同性别人群之间甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义,不同年龄组之间抗体水平阳性率差异有统计学意义,25~29岁、10~14岁组抗体水平阳性率高。50名评估对象免疫前抗体阳性率50%(25/50),免疫后抗体阳性率94%(47/50),甲型H1N1流感抗体阳转率80%(30/50)。免疫前阴性和阳性评估对象之间抗体阳转率差异有统计学意义。评估对象总体抗体滴度呈6倍增高,各年龄组免疫前、后抗体GMRT的变化之间差异有统计学意义,25~29岁、60岁以上组滴度升高倍数最低。结论顺义区甲型H1N1流感实际感染数高于北京市甲型H1N1流感平均感染水平。疫苗接种使目标人群达到了形成该样本人群免疫屏障的要求,提示在甲型H1N1流感大流行之际接种疫苗是控制疫情的必要手段。免疫前抗体水平、年龄是甲型H1N1流感抗体阳转率的影响因素。     

深圳居民甲型H1N1流感抗体水平影响因素的研究

目的通过检测深圳居民血清中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,了解相关的影响因素,为有效预防和控制甲型H1N1流感疫情提供有效科学依据。方法随机选取480位深圳居民作为观察对象,采用血凝抑制方法进行甲型H1N1流感抗体水平检测。并进行问卷调查,用SPSS16.0软件对血清抗体水平与不同流行病学指标之间进行相关因素分析。结果通过研究发现,年龄和甲流疫苗接种史与血清中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平显著性相关。6~15岁人群与已接种甲流疫苗人群血清中的甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率显著性高于其它人群,阳性率分别是34.1%和48.1%。所有调查对象中,甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率较低,仅为11.25%,6~15岁人群的疫苗接种率最高,为41.76%。结论青少年为甲型H1N1流感高危人群,加强对该人群的免疫接种,可对甲型H1N1流感的疫情控制起到显著成效。     

长沙市甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学调查

目的了解长沙市人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况和免疫水平。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,从长沙五个城区选取1 500人进行问卷调查,并采集血液标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝抗体检测。结果调查人群中共有559人甲型H1N1流感抗体呈阳性,阳性率37.27%;经标化后,估计长沙市城区人群抗体阳性率为30.47%。按年龄组分,6~15岁(55.97%)和16~24岁(50.51%)组抗体阳性率较高;按职业分,学生(56.35%)和医务人员(57.14%)抗体阳性率较高。已接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群抗体阳性率(77.08%)明显高于未接种组(27.81%)。长沙市普通人群甲型H1N1流感的感染率27.81%,隐性感染者比例为41.54%。2009年5月-2010年1月流感样病例的抗体阳性率(36.04%)较非流感样病例(26.21%)高;2007-2010年1月接种过季节性流感疫苗人群的抗体阳性率(40.00%)高于未接种组(26.88%)。结论长沙市人群尚未建立应对甲型H1N1流感有效的免疫屏障,仍需加强防控;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗是获得保护性抗体最有效的途径。     

珠海市斗门区人群甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体影响因素分析

目的了解珠海市斗门区人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况及抗体水平,探讨影响普通人群血清甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体阳性的因素。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,从斗门区2个镇选取480人进行问卷调查,并采集血液标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝抑制（HI）检测。结果甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性人数为110人,阳性率为22.92%（110/480）。单因素和多因素二项Logistic分析均显示职业、接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗、调查前曾患过感冒与血清甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体阳性有关。结论珠海市斗门区人群甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体水平不高。接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗是预防甲型H1N1流感的重要手段。     

广州市城区人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况分析

目的分析广州市城区人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况,了解甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征。方法采用随机抽样的方法,在广州市5大城区采集不同年龄的、没有接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群血清样本。采用血凝抑制试验检测血清中甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体。结果本次共调查1 326人,检出甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体阳性300例,阳性率为22.6%。不同年龄组人群的甲型H1N1流感病毒血清抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,以5~14和15~24岁年龄组的阳性率最高,分别为32.9%（138/420）和31.6%（81/256）。300例甲型H1N1流感病毒血清抗体阳性者中,有96例（占32.0%）没有出现过流感样症状。结论学龄人群和年轻人群是广州市甲型H1N1流感病毒最大的感染群体。在感染人群里,有一定比例的人是没有出现流感样症状的。     

2009年华容县健康人群甲型H1N1流感疫苗免疫效果分析

目的了解健康人群接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后的免疫效果及抗体水平。方法观察接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人群中不良反应的发生情况;按照不同的年龄组随机抽取350人,采用描叙性流行病学方法,对疫苗的安全性和有效性进行评价;微量血凝抑制试验检测接种者甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体,SPSS16.0统计学软件对接种30 d后甲型H1N1流感与普通流感的发病率、就诊率及HI抗体阳转率进行比较。结果接种组接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗30 d后甲型H1N1流感与普通流感的发病率与就诊率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人群中共出现不良反应1 891例,总不良反应率为4.35%;接种组总体HI抗体阳转率显著高于对照组（χ2=4.27,P〈0.05）,达到欧盟药品评价委员会的标准,各年龄组间HI抗体阳转率差异无统计学意义。结论国产甲型H1N1流感疫苗具有较高的安全性与较好的免疫原性,适合在健康人群中普遍接种。     

甲型H1N1流感疫苗免疫效果及影响因素研究

目的了解学生大规模接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的免疫效果及影响因素,为探索甲型H1N1流感免疫策略和防控措施提供科学依据。方法分别对344名中学生在甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种前及接种后1个月采集血清标本,进行抗体水平的检测。并收集中学生在接种疫苗前季节性流感疫苗接种史、流感样症状等有关流行病学信息,评价甲型H1N1流感疫苗的免疫效果及影响因素。结果 344名中学生在免前H1N1流感抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为1∶16.97(95%CI:1∶14.49~1∶19.86),抗体阳性率为36.50%(95%CI:31.35%~41.89%);免后GMT为1∶167.41(95%CI:1∶145.08~1∶193.18),阳性率为89.91%(95%CI:86.19%~92.91%),阳转率为72.54%(95%CI:67.76%~77.32%),均明显高于免前。接种疫苗前3个月的季节性流感疫苗接种史、流感样症状史等因素分组后,各组间免疫学效果指标间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后免疫成功率70%以上,符合欧盟和美国FDA的有关规定,免疫效果良好。季节性流感疫苗接种史、流感症状史等对疫苗的免疫学保护效果无明显影响。     

贵阳市人群甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学调查

目的:了解贵州省2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行高峰后期人群感染水平及流行趋势。方法:于2010年1月4日-2010年3月29日共4次在贵阳市随机抽取医院门诊患者、血液中心志愿者,利用血凝抑制(HI)方法进行血清标本甲型H1N1流感抗体检测。结果:4次调查的人群抗体阳性率依次为27.17%、14.99%、23.65%、12.59%。不同时间段之间抗体阳性率的差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女性别之间抗体水平差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4个年龄组中6岁～17岁组抗体阳性率除第2次调查时略低于0岁～5岁组,其余3次均为最高。接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群抗体阳性率为48%,高于非接种者的18.75%。结论:贵阳市人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平较低,仍需加强防控,及时接种流感疫苗是获得保护性抗体最有效的途径。     

陕西省甲型H1N1流感人群感染状况调查

目的 分析甲型H1N1流感疫情的时间分布特征和检测抽样人群血凝抗体水平,拟合人群实际感染和免疫状况.方法 对陕西省的甲型H1N1流感全部、重症和死亡病例进行时间分布描述,并在流行高峰后第2、4个月,对9 006名分层整群抽样人群进行甲型H1N1流感血凝抗体检测.结果 甲型H1N1流感的流行经过了输入期、国内流行期、快速放大期、危重病例出现期和流行高峰后期等5个流行过程;流行高峰后,甲型H1N1流感血凝抗体阳性率大城市高于中小城镇和农村,男性高于女性,6～17岁中小学年龄段人群阳性率最高,60岁～人群最低,人群隐性感染率23.40%:感冒对甲型H1N1流感抗体形成的超额贡献率为4.87%;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的净阳转率为25.10%,在1:20以上各滴度中,接种组抗体形成率高于非接种组0.75～1.52倍.结论 甲型H1N1流感流行经历了5期过程,人群隐性感染率23.40%,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的净阳转率为25.10%.     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.