电焊作业对接触人员脂质过氧化及体液免疫水平影响调查

[目的]探讨电焊作业对接触人员脂质过氧化及体液免疫水平的影响.[方法]对67名电焊作业人员(接触组)及56名不接触有害因素的人员(对照组)测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清IgG、IgA、IgM含量.[结果]接触组血清SOD活性、GSH-PX活性.明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而血清MDA含量,接触组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血清IgG、IgA含量,接触组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).[结论]以锰化合物为主的电焊烟尘可导致接触者体内脂质过氧化水平的增高及体内抗氧化能力下降,并能降低机体的体液免疫水平.     

镉作业男性工人尿镉及血清性激素水平的研究

目的 研究镉作业男性工人的尿镉水平和血清性激素水平及其影响因素和作用机制.方法 2008年11月,根据某镉电池工厂工作场所空气中镉浓度检测结果选取该工厂装配、充电、碰焊3个镉作业车间男性工人各40人作为低、中、高浓度接触组,并选取未接触镉作业的40名男性工人作为对照组,测定尿镉、尿肌酐(Cr)、血清睾酮(T)、促卵泡刺激素(FSH)及促黄体生成素(LH)的水平,并计算尿镉异常率.结果 与对照组比较,中、高浓度接触组尿镉浓度和异常率以及血清FSH和LH浓度均较高,血清T的浓度较低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);且随着工作场所空气中镉浓度的升高,镉作业工人的尿镉浓度和异常率以及血清FSH和LH浓度均呈上升趋势,血清T的浓度呈下降趋势.与工龄＜3 a组比较,6～9 a组和＞9 a组尿镉浓度和异常率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);且随着工龄的增加,镉作业工人的尿镉浓度和异常率均呈上升趋势.结论 工龄增加、工作场所中镉浓度超标是导致尿镉水平升高的主要危险因素,镉暴露可对男性工人的生殖系统产生内分泌干扰作用.     

电焊烟尘对作业工人肺功能的影响

本文对１２０名电焊工和８６名对照的肺功能进行了测定分析。结果显示肺通气功能及小气道功能两组差别有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；限制性通气障碍及阻塞性通气障碍两组间也有差别（ｐ＜０．０５），提示电焊烟尘不仅可影响大、小气道功能，还可引起广泛性气道狭窄，使通气功能下降。     

电焊作业工人红细胞内锰含量的测定

电焊作业工人红细胞内锰含量的测定河南省洛阳轴承厂职工医院（天津路，４７１０３０）李占国，王红军，陈茂勋锰是人体必需的微量元素，但长期吸入过量的锰烟（尘）可引起锰中毒￣［１］。目前有关锰的生物材料测定方法很多，而对锰中毒的诊断不够理想。为了寻求较理想的...     

电焊作业人员心电图变化情况分析

选择某铁路企业105名电焊工为观察组,123名非电焊工为对照组,进行心电图检测。结果发现观察组异常心电图检出率明显高于对照组,并有随工龄的增长呈现显著增高的趋势。     

镇江市电焊作业工人健康状况调查

目的了解镇江市电焊作业的主要职业病危害对工人健康的影响,掌握镇江市电焊行业职业病危害情况,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2003—2008年镇江市有电焊行业的企业监测资料及1914人次（共923人）电焊作业人员健康监护资料进行分析。结果作业场所中共有17．4％的电焊烟尘样品浓度超过国家职业接触限值,其中电焊烟尘最高浓度达51．9mg／m^3。健康监护资料显示,心电图异常698人次,占心电图检查总人次的39．0％;胸片异常378人次,占摄片总人次的21．5％,发现疑似电焊工尘肺病人74人次,占摄片总人次的4．2％,摄片时已确诊的电焊工尘肺病人共计36人次,占摄片总人次的2．1％,新诊断出电焊工尘肺50例,检出率为5．8％。结论该市电焊作业危害严重,已直接损害着工人的身体健康,应及时采取切实有效的综合防治措施。     

氰戊菊酯对未成熟雌性大鼠的体液免疫及性激素的影响

目的：了解氰戊菊酸对未成熟雌性SD大鼠性激素分泌和体液免疫功能的影响并探讨其影响，机制。方法：20只4周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为两组，分别为氰戊菊酯组（以氰戊菊酸LD50的1／10剂量染毒）和对照组，腹腔注射给药4周后取血清，用酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素6（IL－6），肿瘤坏死因子（TNF－α）和免疫球蛋白G（IgG)的水平，用放射免疫法测定血清中17β－雌二醇和睾酮水平，结果：氰戊菊酯实验组小鼠外周血IL－6，TNF－α，IgG的含量分别为2．244mg/ml,0.360ng/ml,4.928μg/ml，对照组小鼠外周血IL－6，TNF－α，IgG的含量分别为2．805ng/ml,0.439ng/ml,3.825μg/ml，实验组与对照组相比，IL－6，TNF－α水平均有所下降，差异有显著性（P＜0．05），而IgG增高，差异有极其显著性（P＜0．01），外周血雌二醇含量实验组（50．785pmol/L)高于对照组（45．029pmol/L)，差异有显著性（P＜0．05），睾酮水平实验组（0．354nmol/L)与对照组（0．323nmol/L)，差异无显著性（P＞0．05），结论：氰戊菊酯可以影响到体液免疫系统和性激素水平，其机制可能是氰戊菊酯通过影响机体雌激素水平，从而影响到整个机体的免疫系统。     

中老年人膳食和体液免疫水平的调查

作者调查了１６１例（男：９８，女：６３）中老年人的营养素摄入量、血浆蛋白及体液免疫水平。结果：该人群的大部分人热能的摄入量达ＲＤＡ值；膳食蛋白质、维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、Ｃ、锌和铁的摄入量较低；脂肪摄入量按热能比高于３０％者约占３０％；血浆总蛋白、球蛋白水平较低，尤其是女性；免疫球蛋白ＩｇＡ偏低，ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ偏高。     

电焊作业工人健康状况调查分析

[目的]了解电焊工作业环境和健康状况。[方法]选择7家有电焊作业企业,对焊接作业环境职业病危害因素进行检测;对工人进行现场问卷调查和职业健康检查。501名电焊工人作为接触组,319名不接触职业性有毒有害因素的其它岗位工人作为对照组,对160名接触组工人和202名对照组工人进行职业健康检查。[结果]电焊烟尘平均浓度为3．796mg／m^2,超标率23．89％;噪声平均85．90dB（A）,超标率60．0％。焊工组听力损失检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;除胸痛其余主诉症状和胸片、肺功能异常率差异均无统计学意义。[结论]电焊作业场所危害因素超标多,须加强防护。作业工人健康水平降低以听力损失为主,应采取综合防制措施。     

Serum immunoglobulin and other protein levels in arc welders

Summary A total of 183 arc welders were examined with special emphasis on blood serum electrophoretic fractions, serum immunoglobulin levels and antinuclear antibodies. Mean serum immunoglobulin levels and serum protein levels were compared between groups of arc welders with long and short occupational exposure as well as between groups with and without pulmonary lesions. No statistically significant differences between the mean values of IgG and IgM were found. The mean value of IgA is significantly higher in welders employed for a long time as compared to welders with short occupational exposure, and the control group. The control group of the same factory was chosen from iron forgers, and matched in age and length of employment. The lower mean values of IgA were observed in welders with silicosiderosis and impairment of ventilatory function as compared to their controls.     

Fertility among Danish male welders

Welding may be detrimental to the male reproductive system. Fertility was examined in a Danish cohort of 3702 male metalworkers over a follow-up of 47 674 person-years. Occupational histories were gathered by postal questionnaires. Information on births was obtained by record linkage to the Danish Central Population Register. Among persons who had ever worked as welders, the probability of having a child was slightly reduced the year after a year of welding exposure, even after control for differences in age, birth cohort, paternal parity, birth of a child in the preceding five years, smoking, and consumption of alcoholic beverages (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.83-0.97). The reduction in fertility was associated with the welding of mild steel, but not with the welding of stainless steel. These findings are consistent with results of previous studies of time to conception and semen quality in welders.     

Serum immunoglobulin levels and humoral immune competence in coalworkers

Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were measured in 788 coalworkers and 121 nonmining controls for comparison with the radiological category of pneumoconiosis after taking into account age and smoking habit. In addition a simple assessment of humoral immune competence was made by estimating the titre of serum antibody against the common gut commensal Escherichia coli. Smoking was found to depress serum IgA and IgM whilst levels of IgG and IgA increased slightly with age. Men with radiological signs of coalworkers pneumoconiosis (CWP) had significantly raised levels of IgA and IgG with increasing pneumoconiosis category. Even coalworkers with less than category 1 simple pneumoconiosis had raised levels of IgA, suggesting that increased production of this immunoglobulin occurs before radiologically identifiable pathological changes have occurred in the lung tissue. No association between reduced humoral immune competence and radiological category of pneumoconiosis was found. Whether high Ig levels in men exposed to coal dust are merely a passive response to dusted lung tissue or whether they indicate that an immunological process is important in the development of pneumoconiotic lesions remains uncertain.     

Serum immunoglobulin levels and malaria antibodies in Burkitt's lymphoma.

Data are presented to support a relationship between malaria infection and Burkitt's lymphoma in African children. IgG, IgM and IgA levels were measured in sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients and from sex- and age-matched, nearest-neighbour controls. All three classes of immunoglobulins were present in significantly lower amounts in the sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients than in the sera from controls. The mechanism of this apparent B-cell suppression is not yet clear. Malaria-specific IgG and IgM antibody titres were determined in the indirect immunofluorescence test. No significant difference in the IgG malaria-specific antibodies was detected between the two groups of sera. Malaria antibody levels measured using IgM specific conjugates were significantly lower in the sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients in reactions with Plasmodium falciparum antigen. No significant difference was observed when P. malariae was used. Confirmation of this finding would serve as a positive link between Burkitt's lymphoma and P. falciparum infection.     

激素补充治疗对绝经早期妇女血清生殖激素水平与认知功能的影响

目的 评估使用激素补充治疗(HRT)对绝经早期妇女血清生殖激素水平与认知功能的影响.方法 对215例围绝经期及绝经后女性进行一般情况、围绝经期症状等调查.从中筛选研究对象共30例,按一般情况、KMI及月经情况等调查结果,组间匹配HRT组(10例),非HRT组(20例),分别测定血清雌激素(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雄激素(T)、总胆固醇(TC)及甘油三酯(TC)的水平,并进行认知功能测试评分,分析组间差异.结果 HRT组血清E2水平明显高于非HRT组,FSH水平明显低于非HRT组(P＜0.05);两组T、TC及TG水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HRT组AVLT、VFT得分明显高于非HIT组,CFT耗时明显低于非HRT组(P＜0.05),两组MMSE、DST、CFT得分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 HRT可以明显提高绝经早期妇女血清雌激素水平,降低FSH水平;HRT可能提高绝经早期妇女的语言表达能力及短时记忆能力.     

Plasma levels of persistent organohalogens and hormone levels in adult male humans

In this study the authors assessed the possible relationship between high dietary exposure to persistent organohalogens (OHS) through fatty fish from the Baltic Sea and hormone levels in adult men. Blood samples were drawn from 110 men who consumed varying amounts of fish (i.e., 0-32 meals per month) for analysis of plasma levels of 18 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, 5 hydroxy-PCBs, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (p,p'-DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. In addition, plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, plasma thyrotropin, free and total T3, free and total T4, and free testosterone were analyzed. The authors adjusted for age, and the only significant associations that remained were negative correlations between 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether and plasma thyrotropin (p < .001), and between pentachlorophenol and follicle-stimulating hormone (p = .04). The authors expected that there would be some significant correlations that resulted from pure chance. High consumption of organohalogen-polluted fish did not appear to affect plasma concentrations of pituitary, thyroid, or testosterone hormone levels in male adults.     

Serum hormone levels before and two years after vasectomy

Some alterations in plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone have been reported post-vasectomy. Long-term studies are needed to determine whether prolonged vas deferens ligation alters hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in any fashion. Nine men were studied in a longitudinal prospective manner and no alteration of plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, luteinizing hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone was noted for as long as 2.5 years after vasectomy. This study is at variance with previously published reports which have shown some minor alterations in these hormones.     

Serum protein and immunoglobulin levels among nepalese living in southern Nepal

Objective  This study examined the levels of serum protein fractionation, immunoglobulin (Ig) and antistreptolysin O (ASO) of people (91 males and 84 females aged 10–68 years) living in the Terai region of southern Nepal, as there has previously been no information available about them. Methods  Blood samples were collected early in the morning after overnight fasting. Serum protein fractionation was carried out by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis. IgG, IgA, IgM and ASO were measured by immuno-turbidimetry with clinical kits. Results  The mean proportion of albumin (Alb) was rather low due to increased globulin (Glb). The Alb level of males was significantly higher than that of females, while the male γ-Glb level was significantly lower than that of females. The mean values of IgG, IgM and ASO for males were lower than those values for females, although the difference was significant only for the IgM value. The mean values of IgM for female age groups of 30–39 years or less were significantly higher than those for the corresponding male age groups. Age correlated positively with IgA, and negatively with ASO in both sexes. γ-Glb and IgG correlated significantly with TP, AlB, α₁-Glb and IgA in both sexes. ASO correlated with β-Glb and IgA in males, and with γ-Glb and IgG in females. Conclusions  The fact that the level of γ-Glb, a major component of serum globulin, was high suggested exposure to a highly bacterial and viral environment. These results point to the need to prevent infectious diseases as well as improve their nutritional status, especially for children and young adults.     

Serum immunoglobulin levels in workers exposed to benzene,toluene and xylene

Summary Immunoglobulin levels in the sera of 35 workers occupationally exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene were studied by means of a simple radial immunodiffusion. The immunoglobulin levels were compared with those of a control group of 42 healthy adults. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the IgG and IgA levels, accompanied by an increase in the IgM level. It is possible that this observation reflects a suppressive action of benzene on immunoglobulinproducing cells, resulting in the inhibition of DNA synthesis.