二甲基三十六烷基铵及卡介苗多糖核酸佐剂在结核亚单位疫苗加强BCG免疫中的效应研究

目的 探讨二甲基三十六烷基铵(dimo-thylidioctyl ammonium bromide,DDA)和卡介苗多糖核酸(BCC-PSN)佐剂在结核融合蛋白疫苗加强卡介苗(BCG)免疫中的不同免疫辅助效应.方法 选择DDA、BCG-PSN作为融合蛋白AMM(Ag85B-MPT64190-198-Mtb8.4)的佐剂,在BCG初免小鼠后,AMM疫苗加强免疫两次,其中一组联合使用两种佐剂(DDA/BCG-PSN),另一组单独以DDA作为佐剂,同时设立BCG或磷酸缓冲液(PBS)免疫组为对照.应用ELISA及ELISPOT检测免疫小鼠的体液与细胞免疫反应,最后一次加强免疫后第12周,以H37Rv尾静脉攻毒并检测小鼠肺脾组织细菌载量和病理改变,评价不同佐剂疫苗的保护效果.结果 在BCG初免基础上,联合佐剂组(AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN)和单独佐剂组(AMM/DDA)加强免疫两次后,脾脏淋巴细胞经抗原Ag85B和PPD(purified protein derivative)刺激后,皆可产生分泌较BCG组高的IFN-γ.毒力株攻击后菌落形成单位(colony-forming unit,CFU)计数显示,联合佐剂组(AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN)脾脏荷菌量少于PBS组和BCG组(P<0.05);而单独佐剂组(AMM/DDA)肺部荷菌量少于PBS组和BCG组(P<0.05).组织病理分析结果 表明AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN组肺组织病理损伤较轻,而AMM/DDA组病理损伤个体差异较大.结论 DDA是较为理想的结核亚单位疫苗佐剂,能诱导较强的细胞免疫和免疫保护作用;BCG-PSN可能具有免疫调节作用,可以减轻免疫病理损伤.     

结核分枝杆菌联合DNA疫苗初免-BCG加强的免疫效果观察

目的:研究并比较结核分枝杆菌免疫保护性抗原DNA(Ag85A和ESAT-6)疫苗联合免疫,BCG免疫以及联合DNA疫苗初免-BCG加强免疫等不同的免疫策略,诱导免疫应答效果观察.方法:健康雌性BALB/c小鼠24只,随机分成PBS 阴性对照组,DNA初免-BCG异源加强组,DNA(Ag85A和ESAT-6)初免DNA同源加强组和BCG阳性对照组,共进行3次免疫,初免2次,最后1次加强,间隔2周1次.PBS组3次均注射PBS 溶液;DNA/BCG组以质粒DNA免疫2次,最后1次以BCG加强免疫;DNA/DNA组3次均以质粒DNA进行免疫;BCG组则注射PBS溶液2次后以BCG免疫.末次免疫后4、6、8周分别分离血清测定总IgG水平,同时分离小鼠脾细胞,体外经TB-PPD刺激后进行淋巴细胞增殖实验(XTT法)并测定脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和IL-4水平.结果:DNA/BCG、DNA/DNA、BCG组体外经TB-PPD刺激后均检测到特异性IgG抗体产生,3组平均效价为1:120、1:160、1:80,DNA/DNA组的抗体效价高于另外2组;小鼠脾细胞体外经TB-PPD刺激后,均能产生特异性淋巴细胞增殖并诱生较强的IFN-γ反应,其中DNA/BCG组IFN-γ的分泌水平高于DNA/DNA组和BCG组(P<0.05).结论:联合DNA疫苗初免-BCG加强的免疫策略能在小鼠体内诱导较强的特异性细胞免疫反应,产生高水平的IFN-γ.     

pHSP65疫苗增强结核杆菌特异性T细胞产生IFN-γ

为提高BCG的免疫效果,以BCG进行初次免疫,比较pHSP65基因疫苗和BCG疫苗加强免疫的效果,寻找新型结核疫苗的初免-加强免疫策略。于第0周皮下接种BCG,第6、8周给予pHSP65滴鼻免疫或BCG加强免疫,末次免疫后2周检测全身及肺脏局部IFN-γ的产生。与BCG初免/BCG加强免疫相比,经pHSP65基因疫苗滴鼻加强免疫后,ELISPOT结果显示脾脏和肺局部分泌IFN-γ的淋巴细胞数量显著增加,流式检测显示IFN-γ+CD4+T细胞数量显著增加,ELISA结果证实淋巴细胞IFN-γ的分泌显著增高,提示经BCG初次免疫后,以pHSP65 DNA滴鼻加强免疫可显著增强全身和肺局部T淋巴细胞IFN-γ的产生,具有良好的抗结核感染潜能。     

二甲基三十六烷基铵及卡介苗多糖核酸佐剂在结核亚单位疫苗加强BCG免疫中的效应研究

Objective To investigate the adjuvant effect of dimo-thylidioctyl ammonium bromide (DDA) and/or DDA-BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid( BCG-PSN), which was combined with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein AMM ( Ag 8 5 B - MPT64190-198 - Mtb8.4 ) to boost BCG primed immunization. Methods DDA with or without BCG PSN was mixed with the fusion protein AMM to construct the boosting vaccine. Mice were immunized with BCG and then boosted twice with AMM formulated with the adjuvant DDA with or without BCG-PSN. PBS or BCG vaccination without boosting was used as control. The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were analyzed by ELISA and ELISPOT. Moreover, the protective efficacy of BCG prime-AMM subunit vaccine boosting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was analyzed. Results With in vitro stimulation of Ag85B and PPD( purified protein derivative) antigen, the number of IFN-γ secreting cells from the mice boosted twice by AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN and AMM/DDA were higher than BCG and PBS group (P <0.05). The CFU in lungs of mice boosted with AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN was less than that of PBS group(P <0.05), while the CFU of AMM/DDA-boosted mice was less than that of BCG and PBS group(P < 0.05).However, fewer lesions were seen in lungs of mice immunized with BCG alone or BCG-prime-AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN boosting than the other groups. Conclusion DDA is an idea adjuvant for tuberculosis subunit vaccine;BCG-PSN might play a role in alleviating the immunity-mediated pathology.     

二甲基三十六烷基铵及卡介苗多糖核酸佐剂在结核亚单位疫苗加强BCG免疫中的效应研究

Objective To investigate the adjuvant effect of dimo-thylidioctyl ammonium bromide (DDA) and/or DDA-BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid( BCG-PSN), which was combined with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein AMM ( Ag 8 5 B - MPT64190-198 - Mtb8.4 ) to boost BCG primed immunization. Methods DDA with or without BCG PSN was mixed with the fusion protein AMM to construct the boosting vaccine. Mice were immunized with BCG and then boosted twice with AMM formulated with the adjuvant DDA with or without BCG-PSN. PBS or BCG vaccination without boosting was used as control. The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were analyzed by ELISA and ELISPOT. Moreover, the protective efficacy of BCG prime-AMM subunit vaccine boosting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was analyzed. Results With in vitro stimulation of Ag85B and PPD( purified protein derivative) antigen, the number of IFN-γ secreting cells from the mice boosted twice by AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN and AMM/DDA were higher than BCG and PBS group (P <0.05). The CFU in lungs of mice boosted with AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN was less than that of PBS group(P <0.05), while the CFU of AMM/DDA-boosted mice was less than that of BCG and PBS group(P < 0.05).However, fewer lesions were seen in lungs of mice immunized with BCG alone or BCG-prime-AMM/DDA/BCG-PSN boosting than the other groups. Conclusion DDA is an idea adjuvant for tuberculosis subunit vaccine;BCG-PSN might play a role in alleviating the immunity-mediated pathology.     

CpG-ODN及PolyICLC在结核亚单位疫苗中的佐剂效应

目的观察TLR识别配体不同组合佐剂对结核分枝杆菌融合蛋白免疫原性的影响及DDA对TLR识别配体的辅助效应。方法 CpG-ODN(CpG)和/或PolyICLC联合/不联合DDA,分别与融合蛋白Mtb10.4-HspX(MH)混合,制备亚单位疫苗,于第1、4、7周皮下免疫C57BL/6小鼠。以PBS和BCG(仅免疫1次)作为对照。末次免疫后6周,采血检测血清抗体水平,并分离脾淋巴细胞,检测分泌IFN-γ的淋巴细胞水平。结果经MH及HspX抗原刺激后,MH+CpG+PolyICLC+DDA组小鼠分泌IFN-γ的脾淋巴细胞数高于其它各组(P<0.05),MH+CpG+PolyICLC组其次,显著高于MH+CpG及MH+PolyICLC组(P<0.05);联合DDA佐剂组均分别高于对应的未联合DDA佐剂组(P<0.05)。各亚单位疫苗组诱导产生的抗MH及HspX的IgG1、IgG2b、IgG2c水平均明显高于BCG组(P<0.05),其中MH+CpG+PolyICLC+DDA组3种抗体水平最高;各亚单位疫苗组IgG2c/IgG1均高于BCG组(P<0.05)。结论 CpG+PolyICLC+DDA佐剂增强了结核分枝杆菌融合蛋白的免疫原性;CpG和PolyICLC具有佐剂协同作用;DDA有助于CpG和/或PolyICLC诱导特异性细胞免疫应答。     

Ag85A DNA疫苗加强免疫显著提高卡介苗初免小鼠的抗结核T细胞免疫应答

目的 构建表达结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)免疫优势抗原Ag85A的DNA疫苗,分析其加强免疫后提高卡介苗(BCG)初免小鼠的抗结核T细胞免疫应答.方法 以Mtb毒株H37Rv基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增Ag85A抗原编码的结构基因并克隆至真核表达载体pVAX1中构建其DNA疫苗;接着,将纯化后的该DNA疫苗加强免疫BCG初免小鼠2针,以BCG和DNA单独免疫小鼠为对照,免疫8周后无菌分离脾淋巴细胞,分别应用IFN-γ ELISPOT和多因子胞内流式细胞术(intracellular staining)分析免疫小鼠的Mtb抗原特异性效应细胞免疫水平与分泌IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2的多功能CD4+T细胞频率及其强度以及CD8+T细胞免疫应答.结果 与BCG免疫及DNA单独免疫组相比,Ag85A DNA加强免疫不仅能显著提高小鼠IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2+多功能T细胞,IFN-γ+IL-2+、IL-2+TNF-α+双功能T细胞与IL-2+单功能T细胞的频率以及IL-2的分泌能力,还能显著诱导小鼠产生更多分泌IFN-γ和IL-2的CD8+T细胞.结论 本研究成功构建了表达Mtb免疫优势抗原Ag85A的DNA疫苗并分析了其免疫原性,证实了BCG初免-DNA加强的免疫策略可同时显著增强实验小鼠的Mtb抗原特异性CD4+T和CD8+T细胞应答水平,有利于提高BCG的免疫原性,为增强BCG逐渐下降的抗结核保护效果提供新思路.     

抗旋毛虫病Ts87 DNA疫苗滴鼻初免—蛋白疫苗加强免疫策略增强免疫保护应答

为优化抗旋毛虫病核酸疫苗免疫策略,本文探讨了Ts87 DNA疫苗滴鼻初免与蛋白疫苗皮下注射加强免疫诱导产生的保护效果及免疫应答特征.分别在第0d以旋毛虫Ts87 DNA疫苗SL7207/pVAX1-Ts87滴鼻初免,第14/28 d以蛋白疫苗rTs87皮下注射加强免疫小鼠,在第35 d攻击感染旋毛虫肌幼虫,第84 d剖杀小鼠,计算减虫率观察免疫保护效果;进行小鼠血清中特异性IgG抗体效价、抗体亚型分析及肠道盥洗液sIgA水平分析,检测脾淋巴细胞增殖反应、脾及颈部淋巴结细胞分泌细胞因子水平.结果显示,DNA疫苗滴鼻初免—重组蛋白加强的联合免疫组的保护作用优于单独DNA疫苗滴鼻及单独重组蛋白免疫组,显著提高了减虫率(46.1％);DNA疫苗滴鼻初免和蛋白疫苗加强免疫方式不仅诱导小鼠产生了粘膜免疫应答,同时也诱导了有效的细胞和体液免疫应答,其免疫应答类型是以Th2型为主的混合型Th1/Th2免疫反应.该研究为新型抗旋毛虫病疫苗接种策略的优化提供了实验依据.     

突变型乙肝病毒前C-C基因疫苗免疫BALB/C小鼠的研究

目的 了解乙肝病毒前C-C基因疫苗(VEC)的突变型VE2、VE4免疫BALB/c小鼠后诱发特异性体液和细胞免疫的效果.方法 分别用突变型和非突变型DNA疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA法检测小鼠抗HBc、抗HBelgG,免疫第28天取小鼠脾细胞用酶免疫斑点(ELISPOt)方法和CTL杀伤试验检测特异性细胞免疫功能.结果 VE2、VFA组抗HBe水平高于VEC组,抗HBc水平差异无统计学意义.3种质粒均能引发特异性细胞免疫反应,VE4、VE2强于VEC;联用VM7免疫后能使VEC、VE2、VE4特异性细胞免疫反应增强.结论 突变型前C-C基因疫苗在诱导BALB/c小鼠特异性体液和细胞免疫方面优于突变前.γ干扰素基因可作为基因佐剂增强HBV DNA疫苗诱导的特异性细胞免疫反应.     

探讨BCG初次免疫结核杆菌DNA疫苗加强免疫方案的效应

目的:探讨BCG初次免疫(BCG-prime),结核杆菌共表达DNA疫苗加强免疫(DNA疫苗-boost)的策略对小鼠的免疫效果。方法:将BCG及结核杆菌重组DNA疫苗依次免疫小鼠,通过检测CTL和NK细胞的杀伤活性和特异性淋巴细胞增殖,以及小鼠血清抗体及细胞因子的水平,观测BCG-prime、共表达结核杆菌Ag85A/GM-CSFDNA疫苗boost策略对小鼠的免疫效果。结果:采用prime-boost免疫策略组的小鼠CTL的杀伤活性明显增强、特异性淋巴细胞明显增殖、IFN-γ的水平明显增高,NK细胞杀伤活性与对照组相比也有一定提高,但未超过BCG单独免疫效果。免疫小鼠血清特异性抗体的滴度超过单独DNA疫苗免疫组。结论:在采用BCG-prime-结核杆菌DNA疫苗boost免疫策略后,能增强对小鼠的免疫效应,尤其是Th1型细胞免疫反应增强明显,为进一步在动物体内进行保护性效应试验的研究提供了实验依据。     

Subunit vaccine candidate AMM down-regulated the regulatory T cells and enhanced the protective immunity of BCG on a suitable schedule

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) priming and subunit vaccine boosting strategies are urgently needed to improve the protective efficacy of BCG in adult population. However, the schedule of subunit vaccine boosting is not well investigated, especially the optimal immune responses and vaccine immunization schedules are still not clear. We have constructed a novel subunit vaccine candidate consisting of fusion protein Ag85B-Mpt64 (190-198)-Mtb8.4 (AMM) in a complex adjuvant composed of dimo-thylidioctyl ammonium bromide (DDA) and BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN). In this study, we compared the effect of different boosting schedules of the subunit vaccine in the prime-boost strategies. C57BL/6 mice were primed with BCG first and then boosted with the AMM vaccine once at 10th week, twice at 8th, 10th week, or thrice at 6th, 8th, 10th week, respectively. The immune responses were evaluated at the 14th and 20th weeks, respectively. Twelve weeks after the last immunization, the mice were challenged with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, and the protective effect was evaluated. The results showed that BCG priming and the AMM vaccine boosting twice induced the strongest antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 production, down-regulated CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and had the best protective effect among all groups, while boosting thrice induced the strongest IL-4 production and did not improve BCG-primed protection significantly. Boosting BCG with the AMM vaccine twice instead of once or thrice induced strong Th1-type immunity and down-regulated Tregs significantly, which correlated with the best protection against M. tuberculosis infection in mice.     

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a fusion protein vaccine consisting of antigen Ag85B and HspX against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice

Subunit vaccines have the potential advantage to boost Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG)‐primed immunity in adults. However, most candidates are antigens highly expressed in replicating bacilli but not in dormant or persisting bacilli, which exist during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We constructed M. tuberculosis fusion protein Ag85B‐Mpt64_190–198‐HspX (AMH) and Ag85B‐Mpt64_190–198‐Mtb8.4 (AMM), which consist of Ag85B, the 190–198 peptide of Mpt64, HspX (Rv2031c) and Mtb8.4 (Rv1174c), respectively. AMH and/or AMM were mixed with adjuvants composed of dimethyl‐dioctyldecyl ammonium bromide and BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid (DDA‐BCG PSN) to construct subunit vaccines. Mice were immunized thrice with Ag85B, AMH and AMM vaccines and the immunogenicity of the fusion protein vaccines was determined. Then, mice were primed with BCG and boosted twice with Ag85B, AMH, AMM and AMM + AMH vaccines, respectively, followed by challenging with M. tuberculosis virulent strain H37Rv, and the immune responses and protective effects were measured. It was found that mice immunized with AMH vaccine generated high levels of antigen‐specific cell‐mediated responses. Compared with the group injected only with BCG, the mice boosted with AMM, AMH and AMM + AMH produced higher levels of Ag85B‐specific IgG1 and IgG2a and IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells upon Ag85B and Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) stimulation. It is interesting that only mice boosted with AMM + AMH had significantly lower bacterial count in the lungs than those receiving BCG, whereas mice boosted with AMH or AMM did not. The results suggest that AMH consisting of HspX, the antigen highly expressed in dormant bacilli, could be combined with antigens from replicating bacilli to enhance BCG primed immunity so as to provide better protection against both growing and non‐growing bacteria that occur during the infection process.     

Concomitant administration of Mycobacterium bovis BCG with the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine to neonatal mice enhances antibody response and protective efficacy

Mycobacterium bovis BCG is administered to human neonates in many countries worldwide. The objective of the study was to assess if BCG could act as an adjuvant for polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines in newborns and thereby induce protective immunity against encapsulated bacteria in early infancy when susceptibility is high. We assessed whether BCG could enhance immune responses to a meningococcal C (MenC) conjugate vaccine, MenC-CRM(197), in mice primed as neonates, broaden the antibody response from a dominant IgG1 toward a mixed IgG1 and IgG2a/IgG2b response, and increase protective efficacy, as measured by serum bactericidal activity (SBA). Two-week-old mice were primed subcutaneously (s.c.) with MenC-CRM(197). BCG was administered concomitantly, a day or a week before MenC-CRM(197). An adjuvant effect of BCG was observed only when it was given concomitantly with MenC-CRM(197), with increased IgG response (P = 0.002) and SBA (8-fold) after a second immunization with MenC-CRM(197) without BCG, indicating increased T-cell help. In neonatal mice (1 week old) primed s.c. with MenC-CRM(197) together with BCG, MenC-polysaccharide (PS)-specific IgG was enhanced compared to MenC-CRM(197) alone (P = 0.0015). Sixteen days after the second immunization with MenC-CRM(197), increased IgG (P < 0.05), IgG1 (P < 0.05), IgG2a (P = 0.06), and IgG2b (P < 0.05) were observed, and only mice primed with MenC-CRM(197) plus BCG showed affinity maturation and detectable SBA (SBA > 128). Thus, vaccination with a meningococcal conjugate vaccine (and possibly with other conjugates) may benefit from concomitant administration of BCG in the neonatal period to accelerate and enhance production of protective antibodies, compared to the current infant administration of conjugate which follows BCG vaccination at birth.     

灭活与减毒两种甲肝疫苗免疫后诱导细胞免疫应答初探

目的 对国内普遍应用的减毒和灭活甲肝疫苗诱导的细胞免疫水平(产生时间、应答水平)进行检测和比较.方法 筛选健康志愿者18人,随机分组后分别接种甲肝减毒活疫苗和甲肝灭活疫苗.按实验程序以周次为时间点采血,用化学发光法对特异性甲肝抗体(HAY-IgG)进行检测;同时收集外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),用特异性甲肝抗原刺激后,以酶联免疫斑点试验(ELISPOT)法检测效应T细胞分泌TH1型细胞因子IFN-γ的情况;用胞内细胞因子染色法测定CD+ T和CD8+T淋巴细胞中分泌IFN-γ的阳性细胞百分比,Lumlnex法检测细胞培养上清中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-10、IL-4等多种细胞因子水平.结果 两种疫苗均可诱导产生特异性抗HAV抗体,且观测期间抗体水平差异无统计学意义.两种疫苗接种初期即可诱导产生病毒特异性T细胞免疫应答反应,同时伴随高水平的效应细胞因子IFN-γ产生.在免疫接种后1-3周,灭活疫苗诱导的细胞免疫应答水平高于减毒疫苗;而在4-6周,减毒疫苗诱导的细胞免疫应答水平明显增高,超过灭活疫苗.灭活疫苗所诱导的细胞免疫应答在加强免疫后明显增强.结论 两种疫苗接种初期均可诱导体液和细胞免疫应答;灭活疫苗加强免疫后可激发记忆性免疫应答.     

Mucosal delivery of antigen‐coated nanoparticles to lungs confers protective immunity against tuberculosis infection in mice

Mucosal boosting of BCG‐immunised individuals with a subunit tuberculosis (TB) vaccine would be highly desirable, considering that the lungs are the principal port of entry for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the site of the primary infection and reactivation. However, the main roadblock for subunit TB vaccine development is the lack of suitable adjuvants that could induce robust local and systemic immune responses. Here, we describe a novel vaccine delivery system that was designed to mimic, in part, the MTB pathogen itself. The surface of yellow carnauba wax nanoparticles was coated with the highly immunogenic Ag85B Ag of MTB and they were directed to the alveolar epithelial surfaces by the incorporation of the heparin‐binding hemagglutinin adhesion (HBHA) protein. Our results showed that the i.n. immunisation of BCG‐primed BALB/c mice with nanoparticles adsorbed with Ag85B‐HBHA (Nano‐AH vaccine) induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and IFN‐γ production, and multifunctional CD4⁺ T cells expressing IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and TNF‐α. Mice challenged with H37Rv MTB had a significantly reduced bacterial load in their lungs when compared with controls immunised with BCG alone. We therefore conclude that this immunisation approach is an effective means of boosting the BCG‐induced anti‐TB immunity.     

人偏肺病毒DNA疫苗的构建和小鼠免疫反应的研究

目的 构建人偏肺病毒(hMPV)DNA疫苗,小鼠免疫后评价其细胞和体液免疫水平.方法 利用PCR方法,从hMPV的cDNA中扩增融合蛋白FATM(缺失跨膜区)基因和基质蛋白M基因,构建DNA疫苗pcDNA3.1His-FATM和pcDNA3.1His-M,瞬时转染后用Western Blot和间接免疫荧光方法检测F、M蛋白表达.疫苗肌内注射免疫小鼠,ELISA和ELISPOT方法分别检测血清IgG抗体和小鼠脾细胞CTL水平.结果 Western Blot和间接免疫荧光(IFA)方法证明构建的疫苗可表达FATM和M蛋白.peDNA3.1His-FATM单独免疫小鼠,血清抗体滴度为1:44;与pcDNA3.1His-M联合免疫后,血清抗体滴度为1:64.ELISPOT检测证明,联合免疫组小鼠脾细胞产生IFN-γ的效应CD8+T细胞数为42±8.9,高于单独免疫组32±7.4的水平.结论 DNA疫苗peDNA3.1His-F△TM可以诱导产生特异性的体液和细胞免疫,与pcDNA3.1His-M联合免疫,可以提高免疫水平.