先天性心脏病患儿造影增强磁共振血管成像检查的护理配合

目的探讨对先天性心脏大血管疾病患儿施行造影增强磁共振血管成像(CE-MRA)检查的护理方法。方法对30例先天性心脏大血管疾病患儿进行CE-MRA检查,患儿经镇静制动后,手动静脉注射对比剂0.4mmol/kg,注射后5～10s开始进行造影增强的磁共振血管成像扫描。结果检出法洛四联症12例,主-肺动脉间隔缺损3例,动脉导管未闭8例,先天性主动脉弓缩窄畸形2例,先天性主动脉弓缩窄畸形伴动脉导管未闭5例。图像质量优28例,良2例。结论 CE-MRA检查可获得精确的影像资料。检查前采用6%水合氯醛保留灌肠镇静制动,正确选择血管建立静脉通道,准确掌握推注造影剂和扫描延迟时间,可保证检查的顺利完成,为临床诊断提供优质的影像图像。     

DISCO CE-MRA在上肢血管疾病中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨基于笛卡尔采集的K空间共享三维容积(DISCO)对比增强磁共振血管成像技术(CE-MRA)在上肢血管疾病中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析2020年5月至2021年4月入院治疗的20例临床诊断上肢血管性病变患者的影像学资料.患者入院后均行DISCO CE-MRA检查,其中11例患者行DSA检查,2例患者行手术治疗...     

三维增强核磁共振血管造影在内脏动脉瘤诊治中的应用

目的 探讨三维增强核磁共振血管造影在内脏动脉瘤诊治中的临床价值.方法 对43例内脏动脉瘤患者行三维增强MR血管造影检查,19例同期行数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA).三维增强MR血管造影用屏气超快速三维梯度回波序列,图像减影后进行三维重建.结果 43例共50个内脏动脉瘤,涉及脾动脉32个(其中5例脾动脉异位起源于肠系膜上动脉),占64%;肠系膜上动脉7个(14%),腹腔动脉干5个(1例为腹腔系膜干),肾动脉4个,肝动脉2个.三维增强MR血管造影能清楚显示动脉瘤部位、大小、形态,并在立体直观显示动脉瘤及其与周围血管脏器关系方面优于DSA.43例中,行栓塞治疗15例,手术9例,保守观察19例.结论 三维增强MR血管造影能尤创、准确诊断内脏动脉瘤,所提供的三维解剖细节有助于临床治疗方案的制定,可作为内脏动脉瘤的首选检查方法.     

三维CT血管造影(3D-CTA)在体表血管畸形诊断及治疗中的应用

目的：探讨三维计算机断层摄影血管造影（Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Angiography，3D-CTA）检查在体表血管畸形诊断及治疗中的应用。方法：对33例临床初步诊断血管畸形且病变范围较大的患者行3D-CTA检查，并以结果指导治疗方案的制定和实施。结果：33例患者3D-CTA诊断为静脉畸形，其中21例经病理检查证实，所得影像显示清楚。其中28例由于病变范围较大采用铜针治疗，治疗后局部肿块缩小或消失、变硬，有效率100％。结论：3D-CTA是一种微创、分辨率高的血管造影技术，可显示病灶拍层次及与毗邻组织的关系，在体表血管畸形的诊断中具有重要的价值，并能指导治疗的制定和实施。     

三维CT成像在尿毒症血管通路病变诊断及治疗中的应用

目的：探讨三维计算机断层摄影血管造影（three-dimensional computed tomography angiography,3D-CTA）检查在尿毒症血管通路病变诊断及治疗中的应用,提高诊疗水平。方法：对45例临床初步诊断血管通路功能不良的尿毒症患者行3D-CTA检查,并以之结果指导治疗方案的制定和实施。结果：45例3D-CTA诊断为血管通路功能不良,其中13例经DSA证实,所得影像显示清楚。其中9例由于病变范围合适球囊扩张治疗后,现血管通路功能恢复正常,满足临床血液透析的需要,有15例患者根据狭窄的部位及时行手术重新吻合;另1例仍坚持使用,但流量欠佳,拒绝任何干预措施。结论：3D-CTA是一种无创、分辨率高的血管造影技术,是一项评估透析血管通路的先进手段,能全面评估血液透析患者血管通路情况,并能指导治疗的制定和实施。     

螺旋CT三维成像在上尿路梗阻诊断中的应用

目的　评价螺旋CT三维成像技术 (3D -sCT)在上尿路梗阻中的应用价值。　方法　对113例上尿路梗阻行肾输尿管 3D -sCT检查 ,用遮盖表面显示法和最大密度投影法进行处理 ,获得立体三维图像 ,并与手术结果对照。　结果　全部病例三维立体形态显示良好 ,可显示病变的部位、形态 ,可从不同的角度和位置观察与周围结构的关系。 88例手术后诊断与 3D -sCT诊断结果完全相符 ,2 4例上尿路结石经 3D -sCT确诊后行体外冲击波碎石 (ESWL)治愈 ,1例腹膜后转移癌压迫输尿管经 3D -sCT确诊后保守治疗。诊断正确率 10 0 % (113/113)。　结论　 3D -sCT可以准确反映上尿路梗阻的部位、病因、程度及与周围结构的关系 ,尤其适于IVU不显影及不能插管行逆行肾盂造影患者。     

3D DCE-MRA技术在诊断腹部大血管病变中的应用

3D动态增强磁共振血管成像(three-dimen-sional dynamic entrastenhanced magnetic resonance angiography,3D DCE-MRA)由于其无创性,操作简便易行,越来越广泛地被用于血管疾病的诊断。3DDCE-MR利用顺磁性对比剂缩短血流的T1时间,克服了运动伪影和饱和效应,使腹部血管在单次屏气时间内三维成像,在显示腹部血管病变方面,与DSA具有良好的一致性[1]。今报告腹部大血管3DDCE-MRA扫描19例,探讨其临床应用价值。     

手足部软组织血管瘤3．0T MRI检查及临床价值

目的 探讨3．0T的超高场强MRI检查对手足部血管瘤的临床价值。方法25例手足部血管瘤病例进行了3．0TMRI检查的平扫、增强磁共振血管成像（CEMRA）以及增强各向同性三维（3D）容积成像,回顾性分析病变MRI诊断和范围评价,并与手术病理结果对照。结果25例中海绵状血管瘤16例,蔓状血管瘤4例,毛细血管瘤2例,混合脉管瘤3例。MRI常规平扫结合增强扫描均能准确诊断。MRI显示病变累及皮下脂肪及肌间隙23例,肌肉17例,肌腱14例,均与手术病理对照相符;手术中显示骨皮质受累共6例,MRI显示4例;手术中显示神经受累5例,MRI均未能显示。CEMRA的动脉期显示供血动脉轻度增粗10例,与手术所见相符,静脉期显示病变染色9例。结论3．0TMRI能够对手足部血管瘤进行准确的术前诊断和全面评价。     

CT三维血管造影诊断出血动脉瘤

目的 评价CT血管造影(CTA)在颅内动脉瘤破裂后蛛网膜下腔出血诊断中的价值及手术指导意义。方法 对63例急性蛛网膜下腔出血病人急诊行螺旋CT扫描,然后行脑血管三维成像。结果 发现颅内动脉瘤24例。有1例阴性经全脑血管造影(DSA)发现存在动脉瘤。诊断均以手术证实。结论 CTA对动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血是一种微创、快速、准确的诊断技术,对于急诊或危重病人应为首选。     

电子束CT血管造影及三维重建在肺静脉畸形引流临床诊断中的应用

目的 评价电子束CT血管造影及三维重建在肺静脉畸形引流临床诊断中的作用。方法对20例电子束CT诊断的肺静脉畸形引流病例进行回顾性分析。电子束CT检查采用增强单层容积扫描，层厚1.5-3.0mm，扫描时间100ms。所有病例均行三维重建。20例均行超声心动图检查，有10例尚行心血管造影检查。14例有手术资料对照。结果 在14例有手术对照的病例中，电子束CT对肺静脉畸形引流的定性及定位诊断符合13例，部分符合1例；超声心动图仅诊断2例，手术对照，仅部分符合；怀疑8例，心血管造影6例中诊断4例，与手术对照完全符合，怀疑2例。未行手术治疗的6例中，电子束CT均可见肺静脉畸形引流，血管造影4例中仅有2例发现，超声心动图则均未诊断。结论 电子束CT血管造影及三维重建在肺静脉畸形引流的临床诊断中具有明显优势，是肺静脉畸形引流的有效、无创检查方法。     

64排螺旋CT血管造影诊断法洛四联症

目的探讨64排螺旋CT血管造影(64-SCTA)诊断法洛四联症(TOF)的价值。方法回顾性分析54例法洛四联症患者的CT资料,并进行不同方式重建,包括MPR、CPR、MIP和VR等,并与心脏超声(UCG)和手术结果相比较。结果 64-SCTA和UCG均可显示TOF的4种主要畸形。44例经手术证实的TOF中,64-SCTA显示TOF主要畸形的准确率为98.86%(174/176),UCG为97.16%(171/176),二者的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对TOF伴发心外畸形的显示率为91.12%(62/68),明显优于UCG(χ2=21.76,P0.01)。结论 64-SCTA三维重建图像能清楚显示TOF的心外大血管结构异常及其合并畸形,尤其能判断肺动脉有无狭窄和评价冠状动脉起源,对选择手术方案有重要参考价值。     

Aneurysm of the ascending aorta in its coarctation

In long-term period after resection of aorta coarctation, 9-14% patients developed aortic aneurysms, one third of them localized in the ascending aorta. From 146 patients operated on for aneurysm of the ascending aorta, 3 had aortic coarctation. In 2 patients aneurysms of the ascending aorta formed late after resection of the coarctation, the third patient was hospitalized with clinical picture of cardiac insufficiency at terminal stage due to coarctation of the aorta and a giant aneurysm of the ascending aorta with significant aortic insufficiency. The patients underwent successful surgeries: 1) ascending aorta grafting; 2) aortic valve and ascending aorta grafting by Bentallo de Bono method; 3) aortic valve and ascending aorta grafting by Bentallo de Bono method with bypass of descending aorta from the conduit. Cystic medianecrosis and two-volume aortic valve were revealed in all the patients. It is concluded that patients after surgery for coarctation of the aorta require long-term follow-up to defect cardiovascular complications early.     

The role of a defined protocol for cardiac risk assessment in decreasing perioperative myocardial infarction in vascular surgery.

Major elective peripheral vascular surgery has historically carried a significant risk of perioperative myocardial infarction; this risk has been quantified further by its association with proved reduction in cardiac reserve/presence of coronary artery disease by stress testing or invasive monitoring. Recognition of this risk logically should lead to protocols that delineate coronary artery disease/cardiac reserve before surgery and correct for observed abnormalities during surgery. This study sought to show that a coherent algorithm of preoperative cardiac assessment combined with aggressive perioperative management could indeed reduce perioperative myocardial infarction rates. Six hundred thirty consecutive elective vascular operations were performed by the author during 6 years. All patients were entered into a prospective protocol for preoperative cardiac risk assessment, which then determined the choice of operation, type of anesthesia, and level of hemodynamic monitoring. Sixty-eight percent of the patients demonstrated clinical coronary artery disease, 15% had previously undergone coronary catheterization or surgery, and 9% had ejection fractions less than 35%. All patients underwent baseline detailed cardiac histories, radionuclide cardioangiography, and electrocardiograms. Patients with significant historic coronary artery disease or ejection fraction less than 50% underwent stress thallium testing; patients with positive fixed or redistribution defects then underwent catheterization, constituting 7% of the series. Risk stratification by age and cardiac assessment then dictated the perioperative care. The overall perioperative myocardial infarction rate was 0.7% (5/628), ranging from 0% for 156 aortic operations and 114 carotid endarterectomies to 0.6% for 159 femoropopliteal and 3.3% for 90 femorotibial revascularizations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Surgical treatment of atypical aortic coarctation complicating Takayasu's arteritis--experience with 33 cases over 44 years

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for atypical aortic coarctation due to Takayasu's arteritis and to elucidate the factors that affected outcome. METHODS: The outcomes of surgical treatment for atypical aortic coarctation complicating Takayasu's arteritis in 33 consecutive patients over the previous 44 years at our institution were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperatively, 29 patients had coarctation proximal to the renal arteries and hypertension in the upper half of the body. Four hospital deaths occurred, and the remaining 29 patients were followed from 0.5 to 42.0 years (median, 17.9 years). The impacts of several risk factors on survival as well as cardiac and vascular events were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 27 initial survivors who had hypertension preoperatively, 15 did not show normalization of blood pressure. The overall cumulative survival and event-free survival rate at 20 years were 62.3% and 58.4%, respectively. Serious long-term complications were anastomotic aneurysms, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, graft deterioration, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and renal failure. Among several risk factors analyzed, only the presence of postoperative hypertension had an effect on event-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term survival after surgery for atypical aortic coarctation was satisfactory. However, our study showed that complications associated with cardiovascular system or the operation could occur at any time after surgery; thus, life-long follow-up is mandatory. Further, the absence of normalization of blood pressure after surgery was a poor prognostic factor. Our results demonstrate the need for an intimate preoperative evaluation of renal and carotid artery lesions, which often coexist and may also cause secondary hypertension, to fully manage hypertension by surgery.     

Endoluminal repair of aneurysms associated with coarctation

BACKGROUND: Late aneurysm formation is a well-recognized complication of surgery for aortic coarctation. Open surgery to repair these aneurysms is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Endoluminal repair is an attractive alternative to open surgery. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on consecutive patients who presented with aneurysms associated with coarctation RESULTS: Between June 1999 and October 2001, 5 patients underwent elective endoluminal repair for coarctation aneurysms. All procedures were technically successful and no patients died. Four patients previously had open surgery to repair aortic coarctation, and 1 presented with an aneurysm associated with a previously unrecognized coarctation. The median follow-up was 7 months (range, 3 to 29 months), and to date, all aneurysms remain excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Endoluminal repair is a promising alternative to redo open surgery for thoracic aneurysms associated with previous surgery for aortic coarctation. Long-term follow-up is required to assess the durability of the stent grafts.     

Surgery for aortic coarctation: a 30 years experience

Objective: A retrospective study to review the experience of a single center with surgery for aortic coarctation over a period of 30 years (1970–1999). Methods: Criteria for inclusion: (a) aortic coarctation, isolated or associated with congenital heart defect; (b) surgery between 1970 and 1999. Data recorded: (1) date of surgery; (2) age at surgery; (3) associated lesions; (4) surgical technique; (5) simultaneous surgical procedures; (6) early and late surgical results in term of: (a) deaths; (b) need for reoperation because of re-coarctation or other cardiac lesion; (c) residual/recurrent pressure gradient, evaluated at cuff/Doppler at rest; (d) systemic hypertension, requiring medical treatment. Results: One hundred and forty-one patients underwent surgery for aortic coarctation: 30 neonates, 29 infants, 45 children and 37 adults. Associated lesions were found in 8/37 (=21.6%) adults and in 73/104 (=70.1%) pediatric patients. There were no hospital deaths. During the follow-up there were one late death in the adults group (1/37=2.7%) and three late deaths in the pediatric group (3/104=2.9%), all unrelated with aortic coarctation. Re-operation because of re-coarctation occurred only in ten late survivors of the pediatric group (10/101=9.9%), 9/10 operated on before 1980 (P<0.00001). End-to-end anastomosis, enlarged to the aortic arch in neonates, was associated with the lowest incidence of re-coarctation (P<0.005). A significant (>20 mmHg at rest) pressure gradient was found in none of the adults, and in seven of the 91 pediatric patients (7/91=7.7%) late survivors. Three adults (3/36=8.3%) late survivors are on medical treatment to control systemic hypertension. Conclusions: The long-term results of our retrospective study confirm that surgery has to be considered the gold standard for the treatment of aortic coarctation. The interventional angioplasty techniques have to provide long-term outcome at least similar to the results obtained with surgery.     

Role of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in aortobronchial fistula diagnosis following aortic coarctation reparative surgery. Report of two cases

Aortobronchial fistula (ABF) is an uncommon complication of aortic coarctation repair which may occur years after successful coarctation correction. It is invariably fatal if not diagnosed and treated. ABF diagnosis poses a challenge for clinicians and radiologists because of the difficulty in detecting the fistula and the risks associated with some of the diagnostic procedures. Two cases of ABF occurring 1 and 20 years after reparative surgery of aortic coarctation are reported. The advantages and disadvantages of different imaging procedures for the evaluation of patients with suspected ABF are reviewed and the role of computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging is underlined.     

升主动脉-腹主动脉转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄

目的 探讨升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄的手术效果、随访结果并总结其临床经验.方法 2008年5月至2009年7月,应用升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄9例,其中男4例,女5例;平均年龄42.6岁.所有病人均经桡动脉、足背动脉穿刺测压,根据术前、术后,桡动脉、足背动脉平均压差变化评价手术效果.结果 术后均治愈出院.术前桡动脉足背动脉平均压差36～63 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);术后24 h桡动脉足背动脉平均压差0～13 mm Hg,较术前明显缩小.随访1～13个月,术后上、下肢动脉平均压差均小于20 mm Hg,转流人工血管通畅,2例主动脉缩窄远端自体动脉部分闭塞.结论 升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术是治疗成人主动脉缩窄的有效手段.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the surgical effects and follow-up results in treating adult aortic coarctation patients using ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass and summarize the clinical experiences. Methods From May 2008 to July 2009, ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass surgery was performed in nine patients with adult aortic coarctation, among which, four were male, and five were female, with the average age of 42.6 years old. All patients had upper extremity hypertension, the systolic blood pressure difference between their upper extremities and lower extremities was 55 - 100 mm Hg, mean (70.2 ± 15. 6) mm Hg. Among which, seven cases showed descending aorta aneurysmal dilatation at coarctation segment distal end, with the wall thinning; two cases showed long segment stenosis; three cases showed aortic wall near coarctation segment was calcified. All cases belonged to complex aortic coarctation. All patients underwent radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery puncture manometry, the surgical effects were evaluated according to mean pressure difference changes between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery before and after operations. Results All patients were cured and dispertension has been significantly improved, before operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 36 - 63 mm Hg, mean [(48.2 ± 5.6 ) mm Hg]; 24 hours after operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 0 - 13 mm Hg, mean [(6.2 ± 1.6) mm Hg], significantly reduced ( P ＜per extremity hypertension disappeared, no need for oral antihypertensive drugs, the mean pressure differences between upper extremities and lower extremities after operations were all less than 20 mm Hg, thoracoabodominal aorta main vessels multi-slice CT examination three months after operation showed that bypass vascular prosthesis was unobetructed, two cases showed that autologous artery at aortic coarctation distal end were partly occluded. Conclusion Ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass would be an effective means for the treatment of adult aortic coarctation patients.