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1.
A. Abbo Y. Carmeli S. Navon-Venezia Y. Siegman-Igra M. J. Schwaber 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2007,26(11):793-800
We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study to examine the impact of isolation of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii on patient outcomes. Cases from whom MDR A. baumannii was isolated in a clinical culture (n = 118) were compared with controls from whom MDR A. baumannii was not isolated (n = 118). Cases and controls were matched according to ward, calendar month of hospitalization, and duration of hospitalization
before culture. The following outcomes were compared in multivariable analysis: in-hospital mortality, length of stay, need
for mechanical ventilation, and functional status at discharge. MDR A. baumannii was determined to be a pathogen in 72% of cases. In 36% of cases, the patient died, versus 21% of controls (odds ratio [OR]
2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–4.16, P = 0.014). Median length of stay for surviving cases was 17 days, versus 11 for surviving controls (multiplicative effect
1.55, 95% CI 0.99–2.44, P = 0.057). Fifty-two percent of cases required mechanical ventilation, versus 25% of controls (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.91–7.25,
P<0.001); 60% of surviving cases were discharged with reduced functional status, versus 38% of controls (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.66–11.61,
P = 0.003). In multivariable analysis, clinical isolation of MDR A. baumannii remained a significant predictor of mortality (OR 6.23, 95% CI 1.31–29.5, P = 0.021), need for mechanical ventilation (OR 7.34, 95% CI 2.24–24.0, P<0.001), and reduced functional status on discharge (OR 7.93, 95% CI 1.1–56.85, P = 0.039). Thus, MDR A. baumannii acquisition is associated with severe adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and
reduced functional status. 相似文献
2.
U. Snygg-Martin R. V. Rasmussen C. Hassager N. E. Bruun R. Andersson L. Olaison 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2011,30(2):151-157
Anticoagulant therapy has been anticipated to increase the risk of cerebrovascular complications (CVC) in native valve endocarditis
(NVE). This study investigates the relationship between ongoing oral anticoagulant therapy and the incidence of symptomatic
CVC in left-sided NVE. In a prospective cohort study, the CVC incidence was compared between NVE patients with and without
ongoing warfarin. Among 587 NVE episodes, 48 (8%) occurred in patients on warfarin. A symptomatic CVC was seen in 144 (25%)
patients, with only three on warfarin. CVC were significantly less frequent in patients on warfarin (6% vs. 26%, odds ratio
[OR] 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.6, p = 0.006). No increase in haemorrhagic lesions was detected in patients on warfarin. Staphylococcus aureus aetiology (adjusted OR [aOR] 6.3, 95% CI 3.8–10.4) and vegetation length (aOR 1.04, 96% CI 1.01–1.07) were risk factors for
CVC, while warfarin on admission (aOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07–0.94), history of congestive heart failure (adjusted OR 0.22, 95%
CI 0.1–0.52) and previous endocarditis (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01–0.79) correlated with lower CVC frequency. 相似文献
3.
V. G. Alexiou A. Michalopoulos G. C. Makris G. Peppas G. Samonis M. E. Falagas 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2012,31(4):557-566
We sought to identify risk factors for postoperative infections, caused by multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB)
in surgical patients. This was a retrospective cohort study among patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) for
more than 5 days, following general surgical operations. Comparison of patients who developed infection caused by MDR-GNB
with the remainder of the cohort showed that every minute of operative time, use of special treatments during hospitalization
(antineoplastic, immunosuppressive or immunomodulating therapies), every day of metronidazole, and every day of carbapenems
use, increased patients’ odds to acquire an infection caused by MDR-GNB by 0.7%, 8.9 times, 9%, and 9%, respectively [OR (95%
CI): 1.007 (1.003–1.011), p = 0.001; 8.9 (1.8–17.3), p = 0.004; 1.09 (1.04–1.18), p = 0.039; 1.09 (1.01–1.18), p = 0.023, respectively]. The above were adjusted in the multivariable analysis for the confounder of time distribution of
infections caused by MDR-GNB. Finally, the secondary comparison, with patients that did not develop any infection, showed
that patients who had received antibiotics, within 3 months prior to admission, had 3.8 times higher odds to acquire an infection
caused by MDR-GNB [OR (95% CI): 3.8 (1.07–13.2), p = 0.002]. This study depicts certain, potentially modifiable, risk factors for postoperative infections in patients hospitalized
in the ICU for more than 5 days. 相似文献
4.
Alagarasu K Selvaraj P Swaminathan S Narendran G Narayanan PR 《Journal of clinical immunology》2009,29(2):196-204
Introduction Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in the 5′ regulatory region (Cdx2 and A-1012G), coding region (FokI), and 3′ untranslated region (UTR; BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) were studied to find out whether these polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to or protection against HIV-1
and development of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients.
Study Subjects and Methods The study was carried out in 131 HIV patients without TB (HIV+ TB−) and 113 HIV patients with TB (HIV+ TB+; includes 82 patients
with pulmonary TB (HIV+ PTB+) and 31 with extra pulmonary TB), 108 HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients (HIV− PTB+), and 146
healthy controls.
Results Among the 5′ regulatory and coding region polymorphisms, significantly increased frequency of G/A genotype of Cdx-2 was observed
in HIV+ TB− group compared to controls (p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) 1.89 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–3.15). In the 3′ UTR genotypes, a decreased frequency of
b/b genotype of BsmI in total HIV patients (p = 0.014, OR 0.54 95% CI 0.32–0.89) and increased frequencies of A/A genotype of ApaI in HIV+ TB+ patients (p = 0.041, OR 1.77 95% CI 1.02–3.06) and t/t genotype of TaqI in HIV+ PTB+ patients (p = 0.05, OR 2.32 95% CI 0.99–5.46) were observed compared to controls. Haplotype analysis revealed significantly increased
frequencies of 3′ UTR haplotype B-A-t in HIV+ TB+ and HIV+ PTB+ groups (Pc = 0.030, OR 1.75 95% CI 1.14–2.66) and decreased
frequencies of b-A-T haplotype in total HIV patients (Pc = 0.012, OR 0.46 95% CI 0.27–0.77), HIV+ TB− (p = 0.031 OR 0.48 95% CI 0.25–0.89), and HIV+ PTB+ groups (Pc = 0.04, OR 0.47 95% CI 0.23–0.89) compared to controls.
Conclusions The results suggest that VDR gene 3′ UTR haplotype b-A-T may be associated with protection against HIV infection while B-A-t
haplotype might be associated with susceptibility to development of TB in HIV-1-infected patients. 相似文献
5.
I. Suárez-García A. Rodríguez-Blanco J. L. Vidal-Pérez M. A. García-Viejo M. J. Jaras-Hernández O. López A. Noguerado-Asensio 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2009,28(4):325-330
The setting for this retrospective cohort study was a specialised tuberculosis unit in Madrid, Spain. The objective was to
describe the risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The medical records of all patients admitted to the
unit were reviewed retrospectively to identify factors associated with multidrug resistance. Patients with positive culture
for M. tuberculosis and with available drug-susceptibility tests were included. The variables assessed were age, gender, country of origin, homelessness,
alcohol consumption, intravenous drug use, methadone substitution therapy, contact with a tuberculosis patient, sputum smear,
site of disease, previous tuberculosis treatment, HIV infection, history of imprisonment, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. Thirty patients with MDR-TB and 666 patients with non-MDR-TB were included from the years 1997 to 2006.
The only factors associated with MDR-TB in multivariate analysis were previous tuberculosis treatment (OR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.58–7.50;
p = 0.003), age group 45–64 years (OR: 3.24; 95% CI: 1.34–7.81; p = 0.009) and alcohol abuse (OR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.55; p = 0.003). In our study, patients who had had previous treatment for tuberculosis, who were 45–64 years of age or who had
no history of alcohol abuse were more likely to have MDR-TB. 相似文献
6.
Hany M. Elsheikha Manar S. Azab Nashwa K. Abousamra Mohammad H. Rahbar Doaa M. Elghannam Douaa Raafat 《Parasitology research》2009,104(6):1471-1476
A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 260 blood donors seen at blood banks in Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. Blood donors were interviewed
about sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for T. gondii infection. A blood sample was taken to document their T. gondii antibody status using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 155 (59.6%) of 260 blood donors were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between T. gondii seropositivity and eating meat by-products (luncheon/shawerma) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 80.82 [95% CI 18.62–350.81], P < 0.0001) or being non-educated (adjusted OR 32.25 [95% CI 7.46–139.44], P < 0.0001). These findings highlight that T. gondii is prevalent among blood donors in Egypt. 相似文献
7.
J. Hsu D. R. Andes V. Knasinski J. Pirsch N. Safdar 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2009,28(11):1343-1351
Among recipients of intra-abdominal solid-organ transplants, bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of mortality.
We undertook a retrospective cohort study of recipients of kidney, pancreas, and/or liver transplants with BSIs at a single
center over an 11-year period. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors
of 15-day mortality and clinical cure, with a focus on the use of statins. Three hundred and eleven recipients of solid-organ
transplants had 604 episodes of BSI. Forty-four (14%) died within 15 days of BSI. Sixteen percent did not achieve clinical
cure. In the multivariate model, each one point increase in the APACHE score was associated with a 1.09-fold increased risk
of death (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.18, P = 0.03). The lack of appropriate antibiotic therapy was associated with a four-fold higher risk of death within 15 days (odds
ratio [OR] 4.65, 95% CI 1.46–14.78, P = 0.009). Statin use was protective (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.78). Patients with high APACHE scores, nosocomial rather than
community source of BSI, lack of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and mental status changes were less likely to achieve clinical
cure of their BSIs. In conclusion, appropriate antibiotic therapy and statin use are associated with lower risk of mortality
from BSIs in this patient population. 相似文献
8.
C. von Hunolstein M. C. Rota G. Alfarone M. L. Ricci S. Salmaso 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2000,19(6):433-437
Immunity to diphtheria was assessed in serum samples obtained from 3111 healthy Italian males and females aged 0–84 years.
Diphtheria antitoxin was tested using a double-antigen, time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (DA-DELFIA). According to internationally
accepted criteria, antitoxin concentrations <0.01 IU/ml indicate susceptibility to diphtheria, those ≥0.01–0.09 IU/ml provide
basic or inadequate protection, and concentrations ≥0.1 IU/ml are protective. By these criteria, 9.9% (95% CI, 8.9 to 11.18)
of the participants were susceptible to diphtheria, 30.2% (95% CI, 28.6 to 31.9) had basic protection, and 59.9% (95% CI,
58.1 to 61.6) were protected. The prevalence of unprotected individuals showed an age-related increase, up to the 45–49-year-old
age group for females and the 50–54-year-old age group for males (34.9% and 31.3% of individuals, respectively). The prevalence
of immunity did not significantly differ in relation to sex in any of the age groups. These results indicate that booster
shots should be routinely provided to the adult population in order to maintain a protective level of diphtheria antibodies. 相似文献
9.
Qu Z Wang X Tian D Zhao Y Zhang Q He H Zhang X Xu F Guo S 《Archives of women's mental health》2012,15(1):49-55
On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck China's southwestern Sichuan province. Recent studies have identified mental
health problems among the survivors, but little is known about the impact of the Sichuan earthquake on the mental health of
new mothers in the area. The main objective was to assess the impact of the Sichuan earthquake on the posttraumatic stress
disorders (PTSD) and depression of new mothers. A total of 317 new mothers were interviewed in the hospital from January 2009
to March 2009. Symptoms of PTSD were measured using the impact of event scale-revised, and symptoms of postpartum depression
were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. The prevalence rates of PTSD and postpartum depression
were 19.9% and 29.0%, respectively. Women with high earthquake exposure had higher risks of PTSD (odds ratio (OR), 5.91; 95%
confidence interval (CI), 1.75–19.97; P < 0.001) and postpartum depression (OR, 7.28; 95% CI, 2.51–21.08; P < 0.001) than women without earthquake experience. In addition, women with low monthly family income and farm workers had
a higher risk of having PTSD; women who were unemployed or with lower monthly family income and poor sleep had a higher risk
of having depression. Earthquake experience increased the risks of having PTSD and depression among new mothers at 8 months
later of the earthquake. 相似文献
10.
Determinants for the Development of Oropharyngeal Colonization or Infection by Fluconazole-Resistant Candida Strains in HIV-Infected Patients 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M. Masiá Canuto F. Gutiérrez Rodero V. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse I. Hernández Aguado C. Martín González A. Sánchez Sevillano A. Martín Hidalgo 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2000,19(8):593-601
A point prevalence study to document oral yeast carriage was undertaken. Risk factors for the development of oropharyngeal
colonization or infection by fluconazole-resistant Candida strains in HIV-infected patients were investigated with a case-control design. Cases included all patients with fluconazole-resistant
strains (MIC≥64 μg/ml), and controls were those with susceptible (MIC≤8 μg/ml) or susceptible-dependent-upon-dose (MIC 16–32 μg/ml)
strains. One hundred sixty-eight Candida strains were isolated from 153 (88%) patients, 28 (16%) of whom had oropharyngeal candidiasis. Overall, 19 (12%) of the patients
harbored at least one resistant organism (MIC≥64 μg/ml). Among patients with resistant strains, tuberculosis (P<0.001), esophageal candidiasis (P=0.001), clinical thrush (P<0.001), and a CD4+ cell count <200/mm3 (P=0.03) were more frequent. These patients had also been treated more commonly with antituberculous drugs (adjusted odds ratio
[OR] 6.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.11–17.80), ciprofloxacin (OR 6.0; 95% CI 1.23–29.26), fluconazole (OR 4.59; 95%
CI 1.55–13.52), and steroids (OR 4.13; 95% CI 1.11–15.39). Multivariate analysis showed that the determinants for fluconazole
resistance were therapy with antituberculous drugs (OR 3.61; 95% CI 1.08–12.07;P=0.03) and one of the following: previous tuberculosis (OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.08–14.57;P=0.03) or fluconazole exposure (OR 3.41; 95% CI 1.10–10.54). Findings from this study indicate that treatment with antituberculous
drugs, previous tuberculosis, and fluconazole exposure are the strongest determinants for development of oropharyngeal colonization
or infection by fluconazole-resistant Candida strains in HIV-infected patients. 相似文献
11.
F. Vidal J. Mensa J. A. Martínez M. Almela F. Marco J. M. Gatell C. Richart E. Soriano M. T. Jiménez de Anta 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》1999,18(7):473-477
A prospective analysis of 43 episodes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in HIV-1-infected subjects was performed and the results compared with the incidence and outcome of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa bacteremia in other high-risk patients, such as transplant recipients, leukemia patients, or patients hospitalized in the
intensive care unit. The incidence of bacteremia/fungemia as a whole and of gram-negative and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa bacteremia in particular was greater in HIV-1-infected subjects than in the unselected general population admitted. In contrast,
the incidence of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa bacteremia in HIV-1-infected patients did not differ from that in patients with other high-risk conditions. In patients with
HIV-1 infection, independent risk factors for presenting Pseudomonas
aeruginosa bacteremia were nosocomial origin (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.7), neutropenia (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.07–6.8), previous treatment
with cephalosporins (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1–11.6), and a CD4+ cell count lower than 50 cells/mm3 (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.7–8.6). Primary bacteremia and pneumonia were the most common forms of presentation. Fourteen (33%) patients
died as a consequence of the bacteremia. The presence of severe sepsis (OR, 17.5; 95% CI, 3.2–68) and the institution of inappropriate
definitive antibiotic therapy (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1–13) were independently associated with a poor outcome. One year after
the development of bacteremia, only eight (19%) patients remained alive. 相似文献
12.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
D. C. Sofianou T. C. Constandinidis M. Yannacou H. Anastasiou E. Sofianos 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2000,19(6):460-463
A prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence, risk factors and pathogens of ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP) in 198 patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. VAP occurred in 67 (33.8%) patients. Risk factors
associated with VAP were admission APACHE II score >20 (odds ratio [OR] 4.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.04–11.27, P<0.001), mechanical ventilation >10 days (OR 44.4, 95% CI 2.16–26.7, P<0.0001), ICU length of stay >10 days (OR 9.4, 95% CI 3.55–25.65, P<0.0001), and admission PaO2/FiO2 ratio <200 mmHg (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.00–11.41, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed a relationship between VAP and length of stay in ICU, duration of fever and presence
of catheter-related infection. The pathogens isolated were predominantly gram-negative bacteria (83.2%), with a high proportion
of Acinetobacter spp. (35%) resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents. The mortality rate was not influenced by VAP. 相似文献
13.
A total of 100 Tilapia fish samples were collected from brackish water (n = 50) and fresh water (n = 50) resources, Northern Egypt, and examined for heterophyid encysted metacercariae (EMC) during the period from August
2007 to July 2008. The overall prevalence of infection was 32%; 22% for brackish water fish and 42% for fresh water fish.
Significant differences in parasite occurrence among body regions were found, with muscles of the tail and caudal third being
highly affected (93.4%) followed by middle third (84.3%) and anterior third (75%), while the head region had the lowest infection
(21.9%). The prevalence was highest in summer season (46.4%) followed by spring (37.5%) and autumn (27.3%), and was lowest
in winter (15.4%). The prevalence of infection decreased as fish size increased. Adult heterophyids, Heterophyes heterophyes, Heterophyes aequalis, Pygidiopsis genata, Haplorchis yokogawai, and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) ascolonga were recovered from EMC-feed puppies. Eggs of heterophyid type were detected in 10 (13.3%) out of 75 human stool specimens
from local residents. An association exists between being a female (odd ratio [OR] 1.59 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42–6.04),
a fisherman (OR 1.39 [95% CI 0.26–7.48]), a housewife (OR 1.24 [95% CI 0.29–6.28]), 15–45 years old (OR 2.22 [95% CI 0.58–8.53]),
or aged 5–14 years (OR 1.29 [95% CI 0.30–5.58]) and heterophyid infection. Measures should be implemented to reduce the risk
of transmission of heterophyids to human and fish-eating animals. 相似文献
14.
M. L. Fernández Guerrero J. González López M. Górgolas 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2010,29(10):1271-1275
The purposes of this paper was to discover whether cirrhosis is a predisposing cause of infectious endocarditis (IE) and to
determine the microbiology, prognosis and the role of cardiac surgery on mortality. A review of cases of IE at a university-affiliated
hospital over a period of 10 years was conducted. Thirty-one (9.8%) patients among 316 cases of IE had hepatic cirrhosis.
Valve disorders were present in 62.2% of cirrhotic patients and infection occurred on the aortic (48%) and mitral valves (45%).
Endocarditis was hospital-acquired in 14 (45%) and 11 (17.7%) cirrhotic patients and controls, respectively (odds ratio [OR]
3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–9.99; p = 0.005). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative microorganism, but β-hemolytic streptococci were most frequently isolated in cirrhotic patients
(OR 8.75; 95% CI: 1.7–45.2; p = 0.001). Renal failure was more frequent in patients with cirrhosis (OR 8.23; 95% CI: 3.06–22.2; p = 0.001). Cirrhotic patients had a higher mortality (51% vs. 17.7%; OR 4.95; 95% CI: 1.89–12.91; p = 0.001) associated with the severity of liver disease. Valve replacement was performed less frequently in cirrhotic patients
(56.2% vs. 92%) and the operative mortality was extremely high in patients at stages B and C. Hepatic cirrhosis is a frequent
comorbid condition in patients with endocarditis. Due to the presence of severe hepatic dysfunction, cardiac surgery is not
undertaken even when indicated and mortality is high in stages B and C. Endocarditis is a serious hazard for hospitalized
cirrhotic patients. 相似文献
15.
Fungal colonization and/or infection in non-neutropenic critically ill patients: results of the EPCAN observational study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. León F. álvarez-Lerma S. Ruiz-Santana M. á. León J. Nolla R. Jordá P. Saavedra M. Palomar The EPCAN Study Group 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2009,28(3):233-242
The purpose of this paper is to determine the incidence of fungal colonization and infection in non-neutropenic critically
ill patients and to identify factors favoring infection by Candida spp. A total of 1,655 consecutive patients (>18 years of age) admitted for ≥7 days to 73 medical-surgical Spanish intensive
care units (ICUs) participated in an observational prospective cohort study. Surveillance samples were obtained once a week.
One or more fungi were isolated in different samples in 59.2% of patients, 94.2% of which were Candida spp. There were 864 (52.2%) patients with Candida spp. colonization and 92 (5.5%) with proven Candida infection. In the logistic regression analysis risk factors independently associated with Candida spp. infection were sepsis (odds ratio [OR] = 8.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.07–13.6), multifocal colonization (OR = 3.49,
95% CI 1.74–7.00), surgery (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.27–3.30), and the use of total parenteral nutrition (OR = 4.37, 95% CI 2.16–8.33).
Patients with Candida spp. infection showed significantly higher in-hospital and intra-ICU mortality rates than those colonized or non-colonized
non-infected (P < 0.001). Fungal colonization, mainly due to Candida spp., was documented in nearly 60% of non-neutropenic critically ill patients admitted to the ICU for more than 7 days. Proven
candidal infection was diagnosed in 5.5% of cases. Risk factors independently associated with Candida spp. infection were sepsis, multifocal colonization, surgery, and the use of total parenteral nutrition. 相似文献
16.
N. Lepage A. Leroyer N. Cherot-Kornobis I. Lartigau S. Miczek A. Sobaszek 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2011,30(1):65-70
The objective of this work was to compare the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus in an unexposed and exposed population, both
working in a hospital, and to study the occupational risk factors related to seropositivity, while taking personal risk factors
into account. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a French hospital over a period of 12 months. The overall seroprevalence
among the 550 subjects was 49.5%. The multivariate analysis showed that seropositivity was significantly associated with age
(36–43 years: odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.1–2.8]) and working as a pediatric nurse’s aide (OR = 1.8;
95% CI: [1.1–2.8]). This study confirms the need to improve prevention procedures in the workplace, including screening, information,
and hygiene rules. 相似文献
17.
Investigation on seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infections among indigenous and immigrant pregnant women in Mid-Taiwan showed that anti Taxoplasma-specific IgG antibody counts were significantly higher in indigenes (40.6%) than in immigrants (18.2%), with an odds ratio
of OR = 3.34 (95% CI: 1.93–4.80). The titre of Taxoplasma-specific IgG was also significantly higher in indigenes than in immigrants (P < 0.001). Differences of living styles for Toxoplasma infection between the two groups were drinking untreated water (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.36–4.02), consumption of raw/undercooked
meats (OR = 10.11 95% CI: 4.92–20.78), especially raw/undercooked pork (P = 0.000), or raw/undercooked viscera (OR = 9.16, 95% CI: 2.97–27.94), contact with cats (OR = 5.69, 95% CI: 2.83–11.47),
or soil (OR = 2.55 95% CI: 1.72–3.80). Differences of risk factors for Toxoplasma infection in terms of positive IgG in the two groups were consumption of raw/undercooked meats (P = 0.005) especially raw/undercooked pork (P = 0.004), and contact with cats (P = 0.013) or soil (P = 0.028). It is concluded that seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection is higher in indigenous pregnant women and related to their living styles. To prevent congenital toxoplasmosis,
health education seems required. 相似文献
18.
Stefan Wieczorek Julia U. Holle Stephanie Müller Harald Fricke Wolfgang L. Gross Jörg T. Epplen 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2010,88(4):413-421
Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), characterized by systemic vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation, is a rare chronic rheumatic
condition potentially sharing some etiopathological principles with other autoimmune disorders, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) and systemic lupus erythomatosus (SLE). Several large association studies have identified genetic risk factors for RA
and SLE. Thereof, we have evaluated the relevance of the most promising ones in WG. 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
within or in the vicinity of CCL21, CD40, CDK6, IL21, IL2RB, IRF5, KIF5A, KLF12, MMEL1, PRKCQ, STAT4, TNFAIP3, and TRAF1/C5 have been genotyped in >600 German WG cases and >800 matched controls. While most polymorphisms did not show suspicious effects
on WG susceptibility, SNPs representing TNFAIP3 (rs6922466, p = 0.032, odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–-0.98) and CDK6 (rs42041, p = 0.0201, OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.43) revealed nominally significant differences in allele distribution. The strongest association
was detected for a functionally relevant four SNP haplotype of IRF5, which comprised a protective effect (p = 0.0000897, p
corrected = 0.0012, OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.62–0.85) similar to those previously seen in RA and SLE. Thus, we suggest that WG, SLE, and RA
share some, but not many, genetic risk factors, which supports models of partly overlapping etiopathogical mechanisms in these
disorders. 相似文献
19.
L. Lorente A. Jiménez M. M. Martín J. Castedo R. Galván C. García M. T. Brouard M. L. Mora 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2009,28(9):1141-1145
Although there are many studies on catheter-related infection, there are scarce data about the influence of tracheostomy in
the incidence of central venous catheter-related bacteremia (CRB). In this cohort study, we found a higher incidence of CRB
in patients with tracheostomy than without (11.25 vs. 1.43 per 1,000 catheter-days; odds ratio [OR] = 7.99; 95% confidence
interval [CI] = 4.38–infinite; P < 0.001). Besides, we found a higher incidence of CRB in patients with tracheostomy using the jugular access compared to
subclavian access (21.64 vs. 5.11 per 1,000 catheter-days; OR = 4.23; 95% CI = 1.44–infinite; P = 0.0097). 相似文献
20.
E. Ruppé A. Pitsch F. Tubach V. de Lastours F. Chau B. Pasquet J.-C. Lucet A. Andremont B. Fantin 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2012,31(3):319-325
We aimed to reassess, through clinical items, populations at risk for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) carriage at admission to hospital and to assess the risk of further positive clinical culture of ESBL-E among carriers.
We performed a 5-month cohort study in a medicine ward of a 500-bed university teaching hospital in the Parisian area of France.
All admitted patients were prospectively enrolled for rectal swabbing and clinical data collection, including bacterial infection
at admission and during stay. Variables associated with ESBL-E carriage were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Five hundred patients were included. The prevalence of ESBL-E was 6.6% (33/500) upon admission. Only previous carriage of
multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) was associated with carriage (odds ratio [OR]: 17.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8–54.2,
p < 0.001), yet, the positive predictive value (PPV) was not higher than 50%. When prior MDRB carriage was not considered in
the multivariate analysis, only prior antibiotic consumption was found to be associated with carriage at admission (OR: 2.2
[1.1–4.5], p = 0.02). Two patients had ESBL-E infection at admission, yet, no patient became infected with ESBL-E during their stay. The
clinical prediction of ESBL carriage at admission in our wards was found to be poorly efficient for assessing the at-risk
population. 相似文献