Development and Validation of a Model Using Radiomics Features from an Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Map to Diagnose Local Tumor Recurrence in Patients Treated for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a model using radiomics features from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map to diagnose local tumor recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 285 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 62 ± 12 years; 220 male, 77.2%), including 215 for training (n = 161) and internal validation (n = 54) and 70 others for external validation, with newly developed contrast-enhancing lesions at the primary cancer site on the surveillance MRI following definitive treatment of HNSCC between January 2014 and October 2019. Of the 215 and 70 patients, 127 and 34, respectively, had local tumor recurrence. Radiomics models using radiomics scores were created separately for T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI), and ADC maps using non-zero coefficients from the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator in the training set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each radiomics score and known clinical parameter (age, sex, and clinical stage) in the internal and external validation sets.ResultsFive radiomics features from T2WI, six from CE-T1WI, and nine from ADC maps were selected and used to develop the respective radiomics models. The area under ROC curve (AUROC) of ADC radiomics score was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.89) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65–0.88) in the internal and external validation sets, respectively. These were significantly higher than the AUROC values of T2WI (0.53 [95% CI, 0.40–0.67], p = 0.006), CE-T1WI (0.53 [95% CI, 0.40–0.67], p = 0.012), and clinical parameters (0.53 [95% CI, 0.39–0.67], p = 0.021) in the external validation set.ConclusionThe radiomics model using ADC maps exhibited higher diagnostic performance than those of the radiomics models using T2WI or CE-T1WI and clinical parameters in the diagnosis of local tumor recurrence in HNSCC following definitive treatment.     

Prognostic Value of Metabolic Tumor Volume Measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Treated by Surgery

Purpose

We assessed the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) measured using¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) inpatients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 56 patients (51 men, five women; mean age 56.0 ± 8.8years) who had locally advanced HNSCC and underwent FDG PET/CT for initial evaluation. All patients had surgical resection and radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. The peak standardized uptake value (SUV_peak) and MTV of the target lesion, including primary HNSCC andmetastatic cervical lymph nodes, were measured from FDG PET/CT images. We compared SUV_peak, MTV, and clinicopathologic variables such as age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, pN stage, pT stage, TNM stage, histologic grade and treatment modality to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

On the initial FDG PET/CT scans, the median SUV_peak was 7.8 (range, 1.8-19.0) and MTV was17.0 cm³ (range, 0.1-131.0 cm³). The estimated 2-year DFS and OS rates were 67.2% and 81.8%. The cutoff points of SUV_peak 6.2 and MTV 20.7 cm³ were the best discriminative values for predicting clinical outcome. MTV and ECOG performance status were significantly related to DFS and OS on univariate and multivariate analyses (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The MTV obtained from initial FDG PET/CT scan is a significant prognostic factor for disease recurrence and mortality in locally advanced HNSCC treated with surgery and radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.     

^18FDG—PET在诊断头颈部鳞状细胞癌复发中的价值

目的了解18FDG-PET在诊断头颈部鳞状细胞癌复发中的价值,确定标准吸收值(SUV)来鉴别放疗后的炎症与肿瘤复发.材料和方法头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者43例,在放疗后至少4个月(平均11个月)进行18FDG-PET检查.计算感兴趣区的SUV值.肿瘤复发诊断依赖组织病理学检查或6个月以上的临床随访.结果43例患者中,FDG-PET阳性23例,其中3例为假阳性;20例为阴性,其中假阴性2例.FDG-PET的诊断准确性是88%(38/43),而CT/MRI的诊断准确性则为66%(25/38).肿瘤复发病灶和炎症病灶的SUV有部分重叠,无统计学上差异(p=0.31).结论18FDG-PET检测头颈部鳞状细胞癌复发中肉眼分析更有价值;18FDG-PET较CT/MRI更为准确.     

MR表观扩散系数值评价原发性肾小球肾炎患者肾脏功能

目的探讨表观扩散系数(ADC)值对分析原发性肾小球肾炎肾脏功能的价值。方法对31例原发性肾小球肾炎患者和28例健康志愿者肾脏进行MR扩散加权成像(DWI)检查,依据原发性肾小球肾炎患者血清肌酐将病例组分为肌酐正常组(15例)和肌酐升高组(16例);测量选定部位的ADC值;比较3组间ADC值异同并分析ADC值与肌酐间的相关性。结果3组间肾脏ADC值均有统计学意义(P<0.05),原发性肾小球肾炎患者肾脏ADC值低于正常肾脏,肌酐升高组ADC值低于肌酐正常组。b值为1200s/mm2、1500s/mm2时肾脏ADC值与血清肌酐之间呈直线相关关系。结论ADC值可以评价原发性肾小球肾炎患者肾脏功能。     

头颈部副神经节瘤的影像学诊断

目的总结头颈部副神经节瘤的影像学表现,提高少见部位副神经节瘤的认识.资料与方法搜集1990年1月～2004年4月经手术病理证实的副神经节瘤27例,回顾性分析其超声、CT、MRI和DSA表现.结果 27例副神经节瘤中,19例(22个肿瘤)来自颈动脉体(其中3例双侧)均发生于颈总动脉分叉处,1例发生于迷走神经节,2例发生于颈静脉球,1例位于鼓室, 1例位于颏下,1例位于眶内肌锥外,2例恶性副神经节瘤,肿瘤破坏骨质.其共同影像学特点:实性肿块,血供丰富,强化明显,MRI显示肿瘤内有流空的血管影.结论头颈部副神经节瘤具有典型的影像学特征和特定的定位征象,对诊断有决定性价值.发生于罕见部位者,诊断困难,但如有上述典型征象,仍要考虑本瘤的可能.     

头颈部副神经节瘤影像学诊断

目的:探讨头颈部副神经节瘤的影像学特征。方法:回顾性分析19例头颈部副神经节瘤的CT、MRI和DSA表现,其中颈静脉球瘤3例,鼓室球瘤2例,颈动脉体瘤12例,迷走体瘤2例。结果:颈静脉球瘤的CT特征为颈静脉孔扩大和虫蚀骨质破坏,1例双侧因肿瘤为1cm首次平扫漏诊;鼓室球瘤均较小,发生于鼓岬区,临床特征为搏动性耳鸣和鼓膜充血;颈动脉体瘤位于颈总动脉分叉处,特征为颈内、外动脉分离和动脉镶嵌于肿瘤边缘或肿瘤内;迷走体瘤与颈动脉体瘤的区别在于颈内、外动脉受压后均向前移位。增强后肿瘤均见明显强化,MRA图像有助于确认肿瘤内的滋养血管,术前栓塞是治疗的有效方法,能减少约50%~70%肿瘤供血。结论:头颈部副神经节瘤具有特定的解剖学位置和影像学表现,对临床诊断和治疗有重要价值。     

头颈部结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤的MRI应用价值

目的：探讨头颈部结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的MRI表现及其临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析48例经病理证实的头颈部结外NHL患者的MRI资料。所有患者均行MRI常规检查,41例同时行增强检查,8例同时行扩散加权成像（DWI）检查。结果：48例中有42例MRI诊断为淋巴瘤,诊断符合率为87.5%。病变形态：弥漫肿胀型14例（29.2%）,结节肿块型20例（41.7%）,溃疡坏死型4例（8.3%）,混合型10例（20.8%）。病灶的主要MRI表现为于T1WI和T2WI呈均匀中等信号,增强扫描有中度均匀强化,DWI上呈明显高信号,平均ADC值为（0.59±0.11）×10^-3mm^2/s,病变检出率为100%。结论：MRI对头颈部结外NHL的诊断准确性较高,在其诊断和鉴别诊断方面有重要的临床应用价值。     

良性对称性脂肪过多症头颈部CT分析

目的 分析良性对称性脂肪过多症（BSL）CT表现,评价CT诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析16例经临床证实的BSL患者的CT资料。15例行CT平扫,其中5例同时行CT增强扫描;1例直接行增强扫描。结果 所有患者均表现为颈部脂肪蓄积增厚,无包膜,边界不清,左右对称,蓄积脂肪内无钙化;病变主要分布于颈前舌骨下区（16例）,颈前舌骨上区（14例）,胸锁乳突肌深面（15例）,颈后区皮下（15例）,脊柱旁肌肉间隙（11例）,上背部皮下（10例）,下枕部皮下（9例）,斜方肌深面（8例）,双侧锁骨上窝（7例）及胸骨切迹（7例）,也见于面颊部（4例）、气管前间隙（5例）、颈椎前间隙（3例）及喉旁间隙（1例）。结论 BSL具有特征性头颈部CT表现,CT能清楚显示病变累及范围,在术前定量诊断方面具有重要价值。     

皮肤鳞状细胞癌56例临床及病理特征分析

目的分析皮肤鳞状细胞癌患者的临床及病理特征。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年1月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院皮肤科收治的56例皮肤鳞状细胞癌患者的病历资料,统计并分析其性别、职业、发病年龄、发病部位、临床及病理分型分布情况结果 56例皮肤鳞状细胞癌患者中男性明显多于女性(男女比例为1.67:1),40岁及以上发病者(46例,82.14%)明显多于40岁以下发病者(10例,17.86%);其中,农民(39例,69.64%)及工人(12例,21.43%)等室外工作者的发病率明显高于室内工作者(5例,8.93%),且经常外露部位的发病率(30例,53.57%)明显高于非经常外露部位(26例,46.43%);临床分型以结节隆起型最为多见(36例,64.29%),溃疡型次之(17例,30.36%),深在浸润型较为少见(3例,5.36%);病理分型以普通型最为多见(38例,67.86%),特殊型较为少见(17例,30.36%)结论皮肤鳞状细胞癌的发生与紫外线照射强度与照射时间密切相关,其患者中男性、农民、年龄≥40岁者占比较大,且以结节隆起型、普通型患者居多。     

MR Imaging of Solitary Fibrous Tumors in the Head and Neck

Objective

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a very rare tumor. The purpose of this study is to determine the MR imaging features of SFT in the intracranial and extracranial head and neck regions.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed six MR images and two CT images of six histologically proven cases of SFT that occurred in four men and two women, and their ages ranged from 46 to 59 years. These imaging findings were correlated with the microscopic findings of their surgical specimens.

Results

Six SFTs arose in the meninges (the petrous ridge and the pituitary fossa), the parotid gland, the parapharyngeal space, the buccal space and the maxillary sinus. On the MR images, SFTs in the intracranial and extracranial head and neck regions were mostly isointense to the muscle on the T1-weighted images, they were hyperintense on the T2-weighted images and they all had intense enhancement. On the T1- and T2-weighted images, hypointense lines were observed within in five SFTs. On the CT images, the SFTs were hypodense to the muscle on the unenhanced images and they were heterogeneously enhanced on the contrast-enhanced images. An exceptional case of pituitary SFT was hypointense on the T2-weighted images and it was hyperdense on the unenhanced CT images, which correlated with the increased collagenous component and the cellular compactness.

Conclusion

The imaging features of SFT are nonspecific; however, SFT should be included in the differential diagnosis of masses involving the intracranial and extracranial head and neck regions.