Unusual hyperechoic ultrasound appearance of testicular Leydig cell tumour

Patients with a testicular mass are usually investigated by ultrasound and the ultrasound appearances have been correlated with the histology. The authors describe two patients with Leydig cell tumours. The first had bilateral tumours which although histologically typical of Leydig cell tumours, had differing ultrasound appearances, one with a previously unreported hyperechoic appearance. The second patient had an impalpable tumour with similar ultrasound appearances to those previously described. The paper illustrates the difficulty of giving an accurate diagnosis of solid testicular lesions and also shows that the previously described appearance of Leydig cell tumour is not pathognomonic.     

Intratesticular haematoma: differentiation from tumour on clinical history and ultrasound appearances in two cases

Intratesticular haematoma is not well described in the ultrasound literature and may be mistaken for a primary testicular malignancy if a detailed clinical history and careful ultrasound examination are not performed. We report two cases of intratesticular haematoma (one complicated by the presence of microlithiasis), describe the ultrasound appearances and document the natural history of the haematomas. A clinical history coupled with Doppler ultrasound features is crucial for conservative management.     

Ultrasonic investigation of the hip in newborns in the diagnosis of congenital hip dislocation: classification and results of a screening program

Summary The method of ultrasonic examination of the hip is described, the latest updated Graf classification is explained, and the results of a prospective screening program are described. One thousand four hundred and sixty newborn infants were examined by ultrasound and clinically by independent observers. The distribution of the ultrasound types was determined. Recommendations are given for the use of ultrasonic investigation of the hip for groups at risk in the neonatal period.     

Dynamic ultrasonographic sign for posterior shoulder dislocation

Acute posterior shoulder dislocation is rare, and its early diagnosis remains a challenge to the emergency physician. This report describes two cases of acute posterior shoulder dislocation confirmed by bedside ultrasound scan performed by the emergency physician. Bedside ultrasound for diagnosis of posterior shoulder dislocation is accurate, noninvasive, repeatable, convenient, and without ionizing radiation. Dynamic ultrasound sign of posterior shoulder dislocation and using bedside ultrasound for verification of successful reduction of posterior shoulder dislocation are described.     

Arthrosonography of the painful hip

Examination of the hip using ultrasound is described with anatomical correlation. Thirty patients with painful hips were examined; an effusion was detected in 16. Aspiration of the hip joint in 15 patients confirmed the ultrasound findings; there were no false positives or false negatives. In at least 12 patients the management was significantly influenced by the results of ultrasound examination.     

Interventional ultrasound in the musculoskeletal system

This article highlights the multiple applications of ultrasound as a guidance modality for interventional procedures in the musculoskeletal system. The percutaneous aspiration, drainage, and biopsy of musculoskeletal abscesses, masses, and focal muscular pathology in the extremities, trunk, and neck using ultrasound as the guidance system is described. Techniques for biopsy, fluid aspiration, catheter insertion, and needle visualization by ultrasound are discussed.     

Preparation of tormentila tincture using ultrasound]

The procedures of preparation of ultrasound tannin extraction for preparation of Tormentillae rhizome tincture are described and the comparison was made with maceration and biomaceration methods. The contents of the isolated tannin determined volumetrically was the same, but the time of ultrasound extraction is significantly shorter and also the procedure can be performed under field conditions.     

Neonatal craniopharyngioma: CT and ultrasonographic features

A case of craniopharyngioma in a neonate is reported and the literature on neonatal craniopharyngioma reviewed. First reported in 1952 and previously considered rare, the diagnosis of these neonatal tumors has increased with the use of noninvasive imaging including CT and ultrasound. The CT and ultrasound features of this uncommon but potentially treatable entity are described.     

Case report: unilateral haematocolpos in uterine duplication associated with renal agenesis

A case of unilateral haematocolpos correctly diagnosed by ultrasound is described in a 13 year old girl known to have a solitary kidney. The association of renal agenesis with Müllerian abnormalities is well recognised and in this case the ultrasound findings ensured that the correct surgical management was undertaken.     

Pancreatic ultrasound--a systematic approach to scanning technique.

The pancreas remains one of the more difficult organs to visualize but ultrasound can be successful in nearly 90% of patients. A systematic technique for identifying and delineating the pancreas is described and has been verified on over 500 patients to date. The success of the technique depends on an accurate knowledge of the vascular relations of the pancreas and on correct adjustment of the ultrasound equipment. This paper is intended to help ultrasound practitioners achieve both these ends.     

A novel application of ultrasound contrast: demonstration of splenic arterial bleeding

Recent research in the use of ultrasound contrast agents has found they are able to increase the diagnostic power of ultrasound, to a level that may exceed other imaging modalities, in the diagnosis of liver lesions. Their application in the assessment of haemorrhage following angiographic embolisation has not previously been described. We report on a case where metal coil embolisation of a bleeding splenic artery aneurysm was completed to angiographic satisfaction, but on injection of ultrasound contrast medium, the aneurysm, distal to the embolisation, showed the presence of ultrasound contrast medium within it. We suggest that contrast enhanced ultrasound may be more sensitive than conventional angiography in the assessment of blood flow through intra-abdominal small vessel aneurysms or solid organs.     

超声诊断体表肿物的临床价值探讨

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在体表肿物诊治中的临床意义。方法对38例因各种原因发现体表肿物的患者,应用5-12MHz高频探头二维超声直接扫查及彩色多普勒进行检测,全部病例进行手术治疗或活检。结果聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶填充所致体表肿物占病例多数。共18例。彩色多普勒超声能区分血管瘤和血管畸形。37例在超声定性后经手术彻底去除肿物,1例经口服抗结核药治愈。结论超声对体表肿物的诊断有重要意义。     

“I can see clearly now.” fundamentals of breast ultrasound optimization

Unlike other modalities in breast imaging, breast ultrasound is very operator dependent. Proper characterization and management of breast lesions depends on the knowledge and skill of the radiologist performing the exam. Breast ultrasound optimization continues to evolve as the technology of ultrasound machines improves. The American College of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) program requirements for graduate medical education in diagnostic radiology recently updated requirements to include competency in ultrasound physics, knobology, and image generation. As trainees are held to high ultrasound optimization standards, practicing radiologists who perform breast ultrasound exams must keep up to date on current breast ultrasound optimization techniques to avoid mischaracterizing and mismanaging breast ultrasound findings. In this paper, ultrasound optimization techniques, including patient positioning, transducer frequency, transducer contact and pressure, depth, gain, focus, tissue harmonic imaging, spatial compounding, dynamic range, speed of sound imaging, Doppler evaluation, and elastography will be described. Multiple ultrasound case examples will be used to illustrate application of these skills. After reading this paper, the reader will be able to apply these techniques to their own breast ultrasound practice, improving characterization and management of breast lesions in their patients.     

The effects of sonography on breast diagnosis--a 10-year retrospective (1977-1987)

According to the general development in breast diagnosis the positions of the single modalities are described by showing the development of breast diagnosis at the X-ray department of the UFK Marburg. In this context special emphasis is placed on ultrasound mammography and its clinical application at the UFK Marburg during the past 10 years. Automated water coupling and hand held real-time ultrasound are compared with another and the effects of ultrasound mammography on invasive breast diagnostic modalities and on breast surgery are pointed out by means of statistical results.     

X-ray and ultrasonic diagnosis of rheumatic-inflammatory diseases of the elbow

The X-ray anatomy and ultrasound appearance of the normal elbow joint are described. The ultrasound testing procedure for visualizing the soft tissue layer and the intra-articular inflammatory substrate is presented. The general X-ray signs of arthritis in the elbow joint are presented, and then the radiological particularities and characteristics of the various forms of arthritis are discussed with reference to their different etiologies.     

遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症肝受累的超声多普勒诊断（附3例报告）

通过超声多普勒发现了３例遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症（Ｏｓｌｅｒ—Ｗｅｂｅｒ—Ｒｅｎｄｕ综合征）患者的肝脏血管受累。其声像图表现为普遍扩张的肝动脉血流增加及特有的肝动脉分支形成的多发性动脉瘤样扩张，多普勒超声在这种罕见病中提供了肝脏受累的依据。     

Echographic identification of symptomatic gastric carcinoma and its lymph node metastases

The diagnostic capability of ultrasound in symptomatic gastric cancer is stressed, on the basis of a prospective study of 64 neoplastic and 19 non-neoplastic patients. Aspecific signs are described which suggest the presence of five layers within the gastric wall as an index of absence of disease. The prospective importance of ultrasound investigation in 5 neoplastic patients with aspecific symptoms is emphasized.     

Acute appendicitis, echographic findings

A case of acute appendicitis in which an appendicolith was present is described. The diagnosis was made by plain abdominal radiography and ultrasound, and was confirmed at surgery. The plain abdominal film showed a lamellated, round calcification, projecting over the right iliac wing. Ultrasound revealed a tubular, hypoechogenic structure, containing an oval hyperechogenic area with acoustic shadow. The recent literature was reviewed, and the "graded compression" technique is described. A summary is given of the ultrasound findings of acute appendicitis, and of its most important differential diagnoses in childhood: mesenterial adenitis, and--less frequently--terminal ileitis.     

Ultrasound and MR findings in sclerosing perineurioma

Perineurioma is an unusual benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that includes intraneural, soft tissue (conventional), reticular and sclerosing types. Sclerosing perineurioma is a recently described distinctive variant occurring nearly exclusively on the hands of young adults, in which it presents as a small, painless, dermal or subcutaneous mass. The only report of imaging findings in sclerosing perineurioma was by Miyake et al., who described the MR findings in 2006. However, there have been no reports of the ultrasound features. We report a 22-year-old man with sclerosing perineurioma and describe the lesion’s ultrasound and MR features.     

Echotomography in Crohn disease

The authors report their experience in 40 patients with intestinal Crohn's disease, who underwent both abdominal ultrasound scanning and double-contrast small bowel enema. The various echographic patterns are described, found in the different phases during the evolution of Crohn's disease, underlying the importance of ultrasound in evaluating the real degree of bowel wall thickening and the exo-enteral space, only indirectly appreciated with X-ray examination.