Effect of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combined with laparoscopy and choledochoscopy on the treatment of Mirizzi syndrome

Background Mirizzi syndrome is often difficult to diagnose before surgery, and is often accompanied by extensive adhesions in the cystohepatic （Calot＇s） triangle and the difficulty of separating tissue can lead to bile duct injury and other intraoperative and postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to investigate minimally invasive means of treating different types of Mirizzi syndrome. Methods Fifty-four patients diagnosed with Mirizzi syndrome were enrolled between July 2004 and May 2012. The diagnosis was further refined according to the Csendes classification. Twenty-seven patients were treated with a combination of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP）, laparoscopy, and choledochoscopy （tripartite approach group）; type I in 16 cases, type II five cases, and type III in six cases. Twenty-seven patients were treated with laparotomy （routine approach group）; type I in 19 cases, type II in six cases, and type III in two cases. The operation time, blood loss during operation, initiation of intake time of food, postoperative complications, and hospital stays were compared between two groups. Results All patients were successfully cured in surgical operation. The operation time was （49.7±27.5） minutes, blood loss during operation was （21.1±15.9） ml, initiation of intake time of food was （6.3±2.7） hours, postoperative complications were with two cases （7%, 2/27）, and hospital stay was （6.7±1.8） days in the tripartite approach group. In the routine approach group, the operation time was （85.1±20.3） minutes, blood loss during operation was （150.3±20.5） ml, initiation of intake time of food was （36.6±10.3） hours, postoperative complications were with three cases （11%, 3/27）, and hospital stay was （10.9±3.4） days. Except for postoperative complications, there were significant differences in the operation time, blood loss during operation, initiation of intake time of food, and hospital stays between two groups （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions ERCP combined with laparoscopy and choledochoscopy is a safe and effective means of treating Mirizzi syndrome. The approach is minimally invasive and patients recover quickly requiring only brief hospitalization.     

Hepatic artery complications after orthotopic liver transplantation： interventional treatment or retransplantation？

Background The main therapeutic treatments for hepatic artery complications after orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT） include thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stent placement, and liver retransplantation. The prognosis of hepatic artery complications after OLT is not only related to the type, extent, and timing but also closely associated with the selection and timing of the therapeutic methods. However, there is no consensus of opinion regarding the treatment of these complications. The aim of this study was to determine optimal treatment for hepatic artery complications after OLT.
Methods The clinical data of 25 patients diagnosed with hepatic artery thrombosis （HAT） and hepatic artery stenosis （HAS） between October 2003 and March 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Treatments included liver retransplantation and interventions which contain thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement.
Results Among five patients with HAT, 3 were treated with thrombolysis. One recovered, one died after thrombolysis and another one died of multi-organ failure after retransplantation because of recurrent HAT. The remaining 2 patients underwent successful retransplantation and have survived after that. Among 12 patients presented with HAS within 1 month postoperatively, 2 patients underwent retransplantation due to irreversible liver failure and another 10 patients were treated with interventions. The liver function failed to improve in 3 patients and retransplantations were performed in 4 patients after stent placement because of ischemic cholangitis. Among 6 patients undergoing liver retransplantations, two died of intracranial hemorrhage and infection respectively. Eight patients presented with HAS after 1 month postoperatively, 5 patients were treated with interventional management and recovered after stent placement. Among another 3 patients presented with HAS, 2 patients’ liver function was stable and one patient received late liver retransplantation due to     

Treatment strategies for mass burn casualties

Background Mass burn casualties are always a great challenge to a medical team because a large number of seriously injured patients were sent in within a short time. Usually a high mortality is impending. Experiences gained from successful treatment of the victims may be useful in guiding the care of mass casualties in an armed conflict. Methods Thirty-five burn victims in a single batch, being transferred nonstop by air and highway from a distant province were admitted 48 hours post-injury. All patients were male with a mean age of （22.4±8.7） years. The burn extent ranged from 4% to 75% （（13.6±12.9）%） total body surface area. Among them, thirty-two patients were complicated by moderate and severe inhalation injury, and tracheostomy had been performed in 15 patients. Decompression incisions of burn eschar on extremities were done in 17 cases before transportation. All the thirty-five patients arrived at the destination smoothly via 4-hour airlift and road transportation. Among them, twenty-five patients were in critical condition. Results These thirty-five patients were evacuated 6 hours from the scene of the injury, and they were transferred to a local hospital for primary emergency care. The patients were in very poor condition when admitted to our hospital because of the severe injury with delayed and inadequate treatment. Examination of these patients at admission showed that one patient was suffering from sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Dysfunction of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and coagulation were all found in the patients. Forty-eight operations were performed in the 23 patients during one month together with comprehensive treatment, and the function of various organs was ameliorated after appropriate treatment. All the 35 patients survived. Conclusions A well-organized team consisting of several cooperative groups with specified duties is very important. As a whole, the treatment protocol should be individualized, basing on the extent of the injury and the care that the patient had received at the spot. During airlift, the stretchers should be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cabin. The treatment protocol in our hospital consisted mainly of prompt effective relief of all life-threatening complications, followed by early closure of burn wounds, appropriate use of anti-infection therapy, emphasis on nutritional support, correction of metabolic disorders, alleviation of immunosuppression, correction of coagulopathy, and effective support and protection of organ function.     

Clinical outcomes of Ex Vivo liver resection and liver autotransplantation for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

The effectiveness of liver autotransplantation for patients with partial hepatic alveolar echinococcosis was analyzed.We retrospectively studied 6 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis who underwent liver autotransplantation in our hospital from 2008 to 2010.We also summarized the surgical indications of liver autotransplantation for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis and our experience in the management of postoperative complications of liver autotransplantation.Of 6 patients,5 achieved good curative results,and one died of multiple organ failure caused by portal vein thrombosis.Main complications included postoperative bleeding,bile leak and small-for-size liver graft syndrome.Liver autotransplantation offers a new approach to cure hepatic alveolar echinococcosis with non-resectable lesions.It could be the most effective method to cure intractable hepatic alveolar echinococcosis if correct handling in operation and proper prevention of complications are performed.But the long-term outcomes are still needed to be confirmed in longer follow-up.     

Treatment of alternated water-electrolyte balance and endocrine status after removal of craniopharyngioma in adults

Background Water-electrolyte disturbance and endocrine alterations are common complications of adult patients with craniopharygioma in the postoperative period and may affect their recovery and prognosis. Some of these complications even lead to death. Appropriate remedy based upon the status of water-electrolyte balance and the endocrine system is essential to good therapeutic results of adult patients with craniopharyngioma. Methods The alterations in water-electrolyte balance （117 patients） and endocrine status （42） of adult patients with craniopharyngioma after surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Results Most patients with craniopharyngioma experienced postoperative water-electrolyte disturbances and hypotonic dehydration. Moreover, the incidences of hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism were relatively high. Conclusion It is critical to deal with dehydration and endocrine disorders for a sound outcome of craniopharyngioma surgery.     

Treatment of Floating Knee Injury in Children

The necessity and superiority of the surgical operation on children with floating knee injury and the fracture union and complications were investigated. Twenty-eight children with floating knee injury were subjected to open reduction and internal fixation or external fixator. The patients were followed up for 18 months to 7 years. The curative effectiveness was scored by Karlstrom criteria. The results showed that no nonunion or deformity was found. The affected limb was 1.2 cm to 1.5 cm longer in 2 cases, 0.8 to 1.2 cm shorter in 3 cases than the contralateral. No severe dysfunction of knee joint occurred. The excellent-good rate was 92.8 % and the curative rate 71.4 respectively. So for children whose age is older than 5 years, it＇s a good way to treat the fractures of femur and tibia with open reduction and internal fixation or external fixator. The method can be advantageous for the nursing care, early function recovery, shortening of the hospital stay and avoidance of severe complications.     

Investigation of diagnosis and treatment of hemolysis-elevated liver enzymes-low platelet counts (HELLP) syndrome: clinical analysis of 59 cases

Background Hemolysis-elevated liver enzymes-low platelet counts （HELLP） syndrome is a clinical condition occurring in middle and late stage pregnancy. It is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet counts. This study involves the analysis of the diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment of 59 cases of HELLP syndrome as well as the clinical classification, method of delivery and gestational age at delivery. Methods Clinical data from 59 cases of HELLP syndrome occurring from January 2000 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-five cases were classified as complete HELLP syndrome and 24 cases were considered partial HELLP syndrome. Results Twenty-six of the 59 analyzed patients （44%） with complete HELLP syndrome showed rapid onset, severe signs, symptoms, and complications in addition to a poor clinical outcome. Complications included multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS） occurring in 18 cases, eclampsia （3 cases）, placental abruption （3 cases）, and perinatal death （4 cases）. The remaining 33 cases （24 with partial and 9 with complete HELLP） were characterized by less severe signs, symptoms, complications and progression of the condition. Two of these cases were complicated with MODS （6.1%）, and 1 with perinatal death （3.0%）.Twelve non-radical-type cases received conservative treatment. The remaining 4 patients had recurring HELLP syndrome （6.78%）. Conclusions HELLP syndrome is classified as the radical type and non-radical-type according to clinical characteristics and outcome. Classification of HELLP syndrome cases according to clinical features can help in the monitoring and treatment of the disease. Active termination of pregnancy should be considered for radical-type cases. Non-radical-type cases can undergo conservative treatment with close monitoring in an attempt to improve perinatal outcome without increasing maternal morbidity.     

PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF ENDOSCOPIC AND OPEN SURGICAL METHODS FOR CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Objective To compare outcomes of patients undergoing either open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release for the treatment of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods A prospective, randomized study was performed on 70 hands in 62 patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome from April 2000 to April 2004. Either open (36 hands in 30 patients) or endoscopic (34 hands in 32 patients) carpal tunnel release was performed randomly. Symptom improvement, complications, and the time of operation, in-hospital stay, and return to work between the two groups were assessed with average 2 years of follow-up. The electromyography was tested pre- and 3 months post-operation. Results There were no significant differences between the two surgical groups with regard to postoperative improvements of symptom, electromyography tests, and the incidence of complications. But it was statistically less in the rate of scar tenderness, the time of operation, in-hospital stay, and return to work in the endoscopic group compared with the open group (P<0.05). Conclusions The endoscopic carpal tunnel release is a reliable method in the treatment of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. And it has the advantages of slight scar tenderness, less operation time, less in-hospital stay, early functional recovery, safety, and high satisfaction rate compared with open methods.     

Influences of different time intervals between loop electrosurgical excision and abdominal hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy on postoperative complications: a retrospective analysis

Objective： To study the influences of different time intervals between loop electrosurgical excision （LEEP） and abdominal hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy on postoperative complications. Methods： Sixty-eight patients, who received subsequent abdominal hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy after LEEP due to C1N III and cervical cancer （IA1, IA2 and IB1）, were included in the present study. The hospital and clinic records of these patients were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time intervals between LEEP and hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy： group l（within 48 h）, group 2 （between 48 h to 6 weeks）, and group 3（〉 6 weeks ）.Results： General characteristics of patients, including the mean age, delivery history, BMI, menopausal status, clinical stage and HPV infection, were comparable between patients of different groups. There were no significant differences in the mean transfusion amount, posthysterectomy hospital stay or operation time between different groups. The frequencies and spectrum of complications were not significantly affected by the time interval between LEEP and hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy. Conclusion： It is concluded that whenever the LEEP is done, the operation including hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy can be conducted at any time as it is necessary for the patients.     

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of high risk patients with lung cancer

Background It is still unclear whether pulmonary function tests （PFTs） are sufficient for predicting perioperative risk,and whether all patients or only a subset of them need a cardiopulmonary exercise test （CPET） for further assessment.Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the CPET and compare the results of CPET and conventional PFTs to identify which parameters are more reliable and valuable in predicting perioperative risks for high risk patients with lung cancer.Methods From January 2005 to August 2008, 297 consecutive lung cancer patients underwent conventional PFTs （spirometry ＋ single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lungs （DLCOsb） for diffusion capacity） and CPET preoperatively. The correlation of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications with the parameters of PFT and CPET was retrospectively analyzed using the chi-square test, independent sample t test and binary Logistic regression analysis.Results Of the 297 patients, 78 did not receive operation due to advanced disease stage or poor cardiopulmonary function. The remaining 219 underwent different modes of operations. Twenty-one cases were excluded from this study due to exploration alone （15 cases） and operation-related complications （6 cases）. Thus, 198 cases were eligible for evaluation. Fifty of the 198 patients （25.2%） had postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. Three patients （1.5%）died of complications within 30 postoperative days. The patients were stratified into groups based on VO2max/pred respectively. The rate of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications was significantly higher in the group with cardiopulmonary complications were significantly correlated with age, comorbidities, and poor PFT and CPET results.used to stratify the patients＇ cardiopulmonary function status and to predict the risk of postoperative cardiopulmonary predicting perioperative risk. If available, cardiopulmonary exercise testing is strongly suggested for high-risk lung cancer patients in addition to conventional pulmonary function tests, and both should be combined to assess cardiopulmonary function status.     

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BASIC RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT OF PEUTZ- JEGHERS SYNDROME

INTRODUCTION Peutz- Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is known as the combination of mucocutaneous pigmented macules and hamartomatous polyps of smooth muscles throughout the gastrointestinal tract. It was first described in 1896 by Hutchinson. The existence of familial hamartomatous polyps originally was described by Peutz 1921 and, then again in 1949 in a follow- up article by Jeghers. After that, numerous investigations and studies were carried out for PJS in both clinical and basic research …     

Peutz—Jeghers综合征3例报告并文献复习

目的：提高对Peutz-Jeghers综合征的认识。方法对我院诊断的3例P-J综合征的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果3例均发现黑色素斑,胃肠镜示胃及大肠多发息肉3例,胶囊内镜示胃及小肠多发息肉1例,1例有家族聚集现象,3例行内镜下治疗效果良好。结论 P-J综合征根据特殊部位黑色素斑沉着,结合胃肠镜检查,尽早确诊,内镜下治疗并加强随访是目前最好的治疗方法。     

P-J综合征9例临床分析

目的:探讨黑斑息肉病(Peutz-Jeghers综合征,PJS)的临床特征、诊断及治疗。方法:统计2000~2005年收治的黑斑息肉病患者9例,对其临床表现及治疗对策进行分析。结果:内镜检查发现9例均有结、直肠息肉;小肠造影提示2例同时伴有胃和小肠息肉,4例伴小肠息肉;病理检查均为错构瘤;其中1例患者出现癌变,2例患者合并有腺瘤;2cm以下息肉在内镜下分批行电凝、电切治疗,1例癌变转外科手术。结论:内镜治疗对PJS疗效满意,同时鉴于PJS与恶性肿瘤密切相关,长期监测、定期复查有利于恶性病变的早期发现与治疗。     

黑斑息肉综合征的CT诊断

目的总结黑斑息肉综合征的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾6例黑斑息肉综合征的CT表现,并结合文献进行复习。所有病例均经临床及病理证实。结果6例小肠、结肠腔内均见多发大小不一的肿块影。1例伴胃腔内肿块。6例中有2例小肠套叠且1例小肠套叠为二处套叠。1例结结型结肠套叠。3例有肠梗阻表现。结论结合家族史及临床表现,CT是诊断黑斑息肉综合征的一种较好的影像学检查方法。     

20例中国Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者STK11基因编码区突变分析

目的检测Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者STK11基因编码区序列,进一步明确STK11基因可能存在新的突变位点。方法收集空军总医院2009年1月~2010年10月期间收治的20例Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者的血液样本,采用PCR扩增技术及DNA测序方法检测STK11基因编码区序列,与STK11基因的正常序列比对分析。结果 20例Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者中有14例患者检测到STK11基因的编码区发生突变,1例患者携带2个突变位点,13例患者携带单一突变位点。测序发现1例患者在3号外显子第460位发现一错义突变(460C→G),在第154密码子处形成另一种新的氨基酸,为一新的突变位点。2个家系中4例患者在同一位点发生突变;同一家系患者的突变位点一致。其余6例患者STK11基因编码区未见突变位点。结论 STK11基因突变是Peutz-Jeghers综合征发生的主要病因,3号外显子第460位错义突变,即460C→G,是导致Peutz-Jeghers综合征发生新的突变位点。     

Peutz—Jeghers综合征致儿童反复性肠套叠临床分析

目的探讨黑斑息肉病（PJS）导致小儿反复性肠套叠的诊治。方法回顾性分析5例PJS继发反复性肠套叠病例资料。结果5例反复性肠套叠均经手术和病理组织学证实为PJS所致,术后恢复良好,随访无复发。结论PJS导致小儿肠套叠易复发,术中处理肠套叠同时切除息肉是有效的治疗方法,术后仍需长期监测、定期复查。     

38例Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者双气囊小肠镜治疗观察

目的探讨Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者的临床特征及双气囊小肠镜（double-balloon enteroscopy,DBE）在小肠多发息肉治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2004年11月至2008年10月收治的38例Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者的临床资料,同时应用DBE对该组患者行内镜下小肠息肉切除,主要观察指标包括小肠息肉切除的数量、大小以及与检查治疗相关的并发症等。结果本组38例患者共进行了72例次检查及治疗（经口47次,经肛25次）。本组患者均有小肠多发息肉。共成功切除小肠息肉516枚（直径5～10mm56枚、11～30mm274枚,直径30～60mm153枚,直径60～80mm33枚）。发现息肉癌变2例。术后3d发生慢性小肠穿孔1例,术中急性穿孔1例,3例术后出现消化道出血,导致血红蛋白较基础值下降2g/L以上,但经止血及输血治疗后,出血停止,无其他严重并发症发生。结论DBE是一种相对安全、可靠的切除Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者小肠息肉的方法,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

人工机械瓣膜替换术后早期并发症分析

1987年1月至2000年4月,共施行人工机械瓣膜替换手术700例,其中二尖瓣替换术398例,主动脉瓣替换术81例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣替换术213例,三尖瓣替换术8例.158例患者术中和术后早期发生并发症,发生率为22.6%,死亡44例,死亡率6.3%.死亡原因主要为低心排出量综合征、严重感染和心律失常等.     

冠心病介入治疗并发症的分析与防治

目的:探讨冠心病介入治疗(PCI)并发症的发生原因、临床表现和防治措施。方法:对612例行PCI的患者中49例出现并发症的病例作回顾性分析。结果:血肿20例,室颤6例,死亡1例,无再流4例,冠状动脉穿孔致心包填塞1例,心源性休克2例,迷走反射8例,支架内亚急性血栓2例,室速1例,房颤3例,过敏4例,腘动脉血栓形成1例,动静脉漏1例。结论:减少PCI并发症需重视术前预防,术中规范操作,术后严密监测,只要及时发现,正确处理,大多数并发症预后良好。     

系统护理干预对鼻内镜下治疗鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者的影响分析

目的:探讨围手术期系统护理干预对使用鼻内镜治疗鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者的影响,以提高临床护理工作水平。方法:将我院收治的230例鼻内镜下进行鼻窦炎鼻息肉的患者随即分为两组。对照组患者实施一般护理,实验组患者实施我院系统护理干预,比较两组患者的治疗效果和患者的手术前后焦虑状态。结果:实验组患者并发症发生3.33%;对照组患者并发症发生14.54%,实验组明显低于对照组,P<0.05;实验组患者手术前焦虑状态和手术后焦虑状态均低于对照组患者,P<0.05。结论:实施围手术期规范、系统的护理干预,能够便于护士给予患者更加优质的护理服务,促进患者更好地康复。