螺旋CT对肠扭转的诊断价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT对肠扭转的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析11例术前CT明确诊断并经手术证实为肠扭转的临床及影像资料。结果：11例肠扭转CT均正确诊断,其中6例为360°肠扭转,4例为270°肠扭转,1例为180°肠扭转。除全部11例都有通常的肠梗阻征象外,主要征象还有“漩涡征”（9／11）、“靶环征”（4／11）及“鸟喙征”（10／11）,肠系膜血管也可以形成“漩涡征”（11／11）。结论：螺旋CT对肠扭转具有重要的临床价值,尤其是肠系膜血管的“漩涡征”。     

成人肠扭转MSCT的诊断价值

目的 探讨成人肠扭转多层螺旋CT(MSCT)征象.方法 回顾性分析72例经手术病理确诊为成人肠扭转患者的16层MSCT腹部检查影像资料.结果 有血管的漩涡征70例、肠管的漩涡征58例、靶环征35例、鸟喙征37例.结论 MSCT检查对成人肠扭转的诊断、治疗具有重要指导作用,肠系膜血管的“漩涡征”是诊断肠扭转的特异性征象.     

多层螺旋CT对肠扭转的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对肠扭转的诊断价值。方法收集急腹症MSCT双期增强扫描病例80例,其中10例患者图像经多平面重组(MPR)及肠系膜血管最大密度投影(MIP)处理,诊断为肠扭转。结果MSCT诊断10例肠扭转,主要征象有肠系膜血管“漩涡征”10例,肠管“漩涡征”5例,靶环征或双晕征5例,肠系膜上动脉、静脉(SMA、SMV)换位征3例,鸟喙征4例,SMV血栓形成2例,腹水征10例。诊断均经手术证实。结论MSCT双期增强扫描及多平面重组(MPR)与肠系膜血管最大密度投影(MIP)对肠扭转的诊断有重要价值。     

超声在诊断小儿肠旋转不良并中肠扭转中的应用

目的:探讨肠旋转不良并中肠扭转的超声表现。方法:回顾性分析我院2012年8月至2013年12月经手术证实的30例肠旋转不良并中肠扭转患儿的超声声像图。结果:超声疑诊肠旋转不良并中肠扭转30例,手术证实均为肠旋转不良伴肠扭转,其中肠管坏死穿孔1例,合并肠重复畸形1例,合并十二指肠隔膜1例。结论:"漩涡征"可作为超声提示肠扭转的依据,CDFI示漩涡征中心为动脉样频谱,周围见由内向外顺时针旋转的血流信号。腹部彩超是诊断肠旋转不良合并中肠扭转的首选检查方法。     

肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转的CT诊断

目的：研究CT对肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转（volvuhus in intestinal malrotation,VIM)的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析6例手术证实的VDIM的CT表现。男5例,女1例,年龄7～25岁,平均13岁。结果：6例均表现为肠系膜根部类团块影,其中4例见典型“漩涡征”,2例呈类“靶征”,但增强扫描亦出现“漩涡征”。毗邻部肠袢扩张,肠系膜静脉不同程度淤积扩张,2例伴受累系膜、肠壁重度水肿。6例均见系膜根部肠系膜上动脉（superior mesenteric artery,SMA）、肠系膜上静脉（superior mesenteric vein,SMV)血管正常排列迷失。结论：“漩涡征”伴系膜根部SMA、SMV正常排列迷失为本病的特征性CT表现。     

成人中肠未旋转的MSCT诊断价值

目的 探讨MSCT对成人中肠未旋转的诊断价值.方法 选取并分析明确诊断的16例成人中肠未旋转(其中3例合并中肠扭转)患者的CT图像及临床资料.结果 16例患者CT扫描均显示小肠(十二指肠水平段、空肠、回肠)聚集于右侧腹腔,盲肠及回盲部位于左侧腹腔,肠系膜血管"换位征"阳性,肠系膜血管"旋涡征"5例,其中3例合并中肠扭转...     

成人肠旋转不良及Ladd带致中肠扭转与十二指肠梗阻:病例报告与文献复习

目的探讨成人肠旋转不良及Ladd带致中肠扭转与十二指肠梗阻的临床表现、影像特征及鉴别诊断。方法分析1例成人肠旋转不良及Ladd带致中肠扭转与十二指肠梗阻病人的临床及影像资料,并复习相关文献。结果 CT平扫示胃及十二指肠上段、降段扩张,水平段管腔局部狭窄。CT血管成像示局部肠系膜及肠管围绕肠系膜上动脉顺时针旋转,呈"漩涡征"。手术证实为成人肠旋转不良及Ladd带致中肠扭转与十二指肠梗阻。结论成人肠旋转不良及Ladd带致中肠扭转与十二指肠梗阻为一种罕见疾病,其临床表现缺乏特异性,术前误诊率较高,影像检查具有一定提示作用,大多需手术证实。     

肠扭转的CT表现

目的 提高螺旋CT诊断肠扭转的正确率。方法 对9例术前CT明确诊断为肠扭转，并经手术证实病例的CT资料进行分析。主要重组方法有多平面重组法（MPR）及滑动薄层块最大强度投影法（STS-MIP）。结果 9例肠扭转诊断均正确，主要征象有肠管的“漩涡征”（6例）和血管的“漩涡征”（9例）、“靶环征”（2例）、“鸟喙征”（6例）。结论 肠系膜血管的“漩涡征”是诊断肠扭转的特异性征象，“靶环征”及肠壁强化减弱、腹水是提示绞窄性梗阻的可靠征象。螺旋CT扫描及重绢对肠扭转的诊断具有莺要价值。     

64层螺旋CT在小肠扭转中的诊断价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT在小肠扭转中的诊断价值。资料与方法对7例术前CT诊断为小肠扭转,其中5例经手术证实的病例资料进行回顾性分析。主要重组方法为多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及容积再现(VR)。结果7例均正确诊断,主要征象有肠管的漩涡征(4例)、血管的漩涡征(6例)、靶环征或双晕征(6例)、鸟喙征(4例)、缆绳征(7例)、肠系膜水肿(7例)、腹腔积液(4例)。结论肠系膜血管的漩涡征是诊断肠扭转的特异性征象。64层螺旋CT扫描及重组图像对小肠扭转显示更直观、明确,具有重要的诊断价值。     

肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转的CT诊断

目的 评价CT对肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转(volvulus in intestinal malrotation, VIM)的诊断价值.方法 对12例术前CT明确诊断并经手术证实的VIM患者的临床CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果肠系膜根部"漩涡征"12例,"鸟喙征"9例,"靶环征"3例,3例合并肠管淤张积液、肠系膜水肿及腹水.结论 VIM具有特异性CT征象,CT检查对诊断VIM具有重要价值.     

腹内疝伴肠扭转的螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT对腹内疝及伴发肠扭转的诊断价值.方法:对10例手术证实的腹内疝病例的CT资料进行回顾性分析,CT检查采用平扫及双期增强,并进行VR、MPR及M1P等后处理.结果:10例腹内疝中,8例有腹部手术史,10例均表现为肠梗阻,8例显示疝口,并有肠聚集、移位、肠系膜血管走形异常.伴发肠扭转7例,显示肠管和血管的“漩涡征”,5例见“鸟喙征”,3例见“同心圆征”,4例出现肠绞窄,表现为肠管强化减弱、肠壁水肿、腹水.结论:螺旋CT增强扫描和多种方法重组对腹内疝伴发肠扭转具有重要的诊断价值,及时诊断对患者的预后具有重要的作用.     

Small bowell volvulus - combined radiological findings]

PURPOSE: We retrospectively evaluated the radiological findings observed at plain abdominal film, abdominal sonography and abdominal CT performed in 66 patients with surgically proven small bowel volvulus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-six patients (35 women and 31 men, ranging in age 38-77 years) with surgically proven small bowel volvulus were submitted to plain film, sonography and CT of the abdomen. Abdominal plain film was performed in the upright position (postero-anterior view) in 46 cases, and in the supine position in 20 cases. On plain abdominal film we evaluated the following findings: bowel loops dilatation, air-fluid levels and site of obstruction. At abdominal US, performed with 3.5 e 7.5 MHz probes, we retrospectively searched for: bowel loop dilatation, bowel wall thickening, peristalsis alteration, extraluminal fluid. CT was performed with a helical unit (thickness 4 mm, reconstruction interval 4 mm, pitch 1.5), after intravenous contrast agent (120 ml) infusion (3 ml/s, 55 s acquisition delay from bolus starting) and using a power injector. The following CT findings were searched for: whirl sign, beak sign, extraluminal fluid, bowel loop dilatation, bowel wall thickening, bowel wall or mesenteric alterations. RESULTS: Plain abdominal film showed the following findings: air-fluid levels (92.4% of cases), bowel loops dilatation (71.2%), site of obstruction (42.4%). Abdominal sonography demonstrated bowel loop dilatation (48.5%), extraluminal fluid (48.5%), peristalsis alteration (27.3%), bowel wall thickening (27.3%). The most frequent CT findings were: bowel loop dilatation (95.5%), bowel wall thickening (78.8%), beak sign (69.7%), mesenteric alterations (66.7%), extraluminal fluid (54.5%), whirl sign (13.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Air-fluid levels and bowel loop dilatation were the most frequent radiological findings in our series. Plain abdominal film allowed us to identify signs of obstruction, whereas signs of bowel wall necrosis were accurately shown by abdominal CT.     

Does the CT whirl sign really predict small bowel volvulus?: Experience in an oncologic population

The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of the CT "whirl sign" for the diagnosis of small bowel volvulus in patients who present with a clinical suspicion of intestinal obstruction. Between January 2002 and September 2004, 1,493 CT scans performed in 1,213 patients suspected of having small bowel obstruction were retrospectively reviewed by one attending radiologist with gastrointestinal subspecialization and one senior radiology resident. Multislice helical CT scans were performed after oral and intravenous contrast administration. All CT scans showing a combined vessel and bowel whirl appearance were identified. Other features recorded included the number of degrees of whirl rotation, direction of rotation, presence of bowel obstruction, and signs of ischemia. Diagnoses were determined at either surgery or clinicoradiographic follow-up. Surgical follow-up was available in 174 of the 1,213 patients. There were 460 males and 753 females ranging in age from 1 to 95 years (mean 59 years). A whirl sign was found in 33 of the 1,493 CT scans by reader 1 and in 13 of the 1,493 CT scans by reader 2. In 11 patients, surgery revealed small bowel volvulus (0.9%). Reader 1 detected 7 of the 11 volvuli (sensitivity 64%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 21%, negative predictive value 99.7%). Reader 2 detected 3 of the 11 volvuli (sensitivity 27%, specificity 99%, positive predictive value 23%, negative predictive value 99.5%). The CT scans of the four remaining patients with volvulus not initially recognized by either reader were re-reviewed and were felt to contain whirl signs. Most patients with small bowel volvulus can be identified on CT through detection of a whirl sign. However, most whirl signs detected on CT will not prove to be indicative of small bowel volvulus.     

Computed tomography features of small bowel volvulus

A case of small bowel volvulus in an adult is presented. The established CT signs of small bowel volvulus are discussed. These include an abnormal orientation of the superior mesenteric artery to the superior mesenteric vein; the whirl sign, the triangle sign and the beak sign.     

Cecal volvulus: CT findings and correlation with pathophysiology

The purpose of this study is to report the computed tomography (CT) features of cecal volvulus and to determine the accuracy of CT in distinguishing the three pathophysiological types of cecal volvulus. The CT studies of ten patients with surgically confirmed cecal volvulus were reviewed. For each patient, CT findings were looked for and recorded. The precise location of the cecum within the abdomen, the presence of an ileocecal twist, and the clockwise or counterclockwise direction of the whirl sign were specifically analyzed. All these results were confronted to the surgical diagnosis retrospectively correlated with the three types of cecal volvulus. According to our classification based on the analysis of the location of the cecum within the abdomen and the presence or the absence of a whirl sign on CT scans, the cecal volvulus was defined as the axial torsion type in four (40%) patients, loop type in four (40%) patients, and cecal bascule type in two (20%). For each patient, the result was in full accordance with the type of cecal volvulus diagnosed at surgery. CT is not only a valuable diagnostic technique in diagnosing cecal volvulus and its complications, but it is also useful in distinguishing the three pathophysiological types of cecal volvulus.     

Trapped on the “whirl”: diagnostic sign on emergency CT

The “whirl sign” is an uncommon finding on emergency CT. However, it is easy to overlook if not kept in mind. Its recognition is of capital importance, being most of its causes potentially lethal. Surgical treatment is also mandatory when signs of complication are found. The whirl sign is usually found associated to midgut, cecal and sigmoid volvulus, small-bowel volvulus and closed-loop obstructions, and post-surgical mesenteric windows (including retroanastomotic hernias). CT is an optimal imaging technique to depict the so-called sign and associated CT features suggesting complication (circumferential wall thickening, pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumoperitoneum, mesenteric fat stranding, free intraperitoneal fluid, mesenteric haziness). Radiologists must be able to recognize the whirl sign and seek associated findings that strongly support the diagnosis of a spectrum of entities, some of them lethal if no treatment is established.     

64层螺旋CT在肠道急腹症病因诊断中的价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT在肠道急腹症病因诊断中价值。方法：对46例经手术或临床证实的肠道急腹症病例资料行64层螺旋CT平扫加增强扫描,并进行回顾性分析。主要重组方法为多平面重组（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）及容积再现（VR）。结果：46例病例中,肠道肿瘤22例、肠道炎性病变11例、憩室5例、淋巴瘤2例、肠系膜上静脉血栓1例、肠坏死1例、麻痹性肠梗阻伴全内脏转位1例、单纯性肠扭转1例、腹壁疝及闭孔疝各1例;其中64层螺旋CT准确诊断（定位定性）40例,诊断符合率87.0%,4例结肠癌误诊为炎性病变,漏诊脂肪瘤及肠穿孔各1例。结论：64层螺旋CT扫描及重组图像对肠道病变显示直观、准确,对肠道急腹症的病因诊断具有重要的诊断价值。     

Whirl sign as CT finding in small-bowel volvulus

In three patients with ileus CT showed a whirl sign in which the bowel and mesenteric folds encircled the superior mesenteric vein in a whirl-like pattern. Two patients were confirmed surgically to have small-bowel volvulus arising from postoperative adhesions. The whirl sign is useful in decision-making about the need for surgery. A CT examination should be performed for patients with ileus of unknown cause. Correspondence to: K. Fujimoto