肝小静脉闭塞症的超声征象及其鉴别诊断

目的：探讨肝小静脉闭塞症（hepatic veno-occlusive disease,HVOD）超声征象及其临床价值。方法回顾性分析19例经肝穿刺活检病理组织学检查诊断为HVOD患者的超声征象,观察肝脏灰阶征象、肝血流显像、胆囊、脾及腹腔积液量等。结果19例HVOD患者超声多表现为肝脏体积增大、尾状叶不大,肝区回声强弱不均,不同程度门静脉高压,肝静脉变细、肝动脉阻力指数增高、侧支循环形成,胆囊壁增厚呈双边影,脾大及不同程度的腹腔积液。结论超声征象可为HVOD早期诊断及鉴别诊断以及及时治疗提供重要的临床价值。     

超声与CT诊断肝小静脉闭塞病的对比研究

目的：探讨肝小静脉闭塞病（HVOD）的超声和CT影像特点,比较两者的诊断价值。方法：32例HVOD由肝穿刺活检病理证实（12例）和临床诊断（20例）。急性期16例,亚急性期10例,慢性期6例。所有病例均行超声和CT检查,比较两者诊断价值。结果：急性期16例超声和CT均表现典型,诊断一致;亚急性期10例中超声诊断正确8例,CT诊断正确6例,其中2例超声漏诊,而CT诊断正确;慢性期6例中超声诊断正确4例,CT全部漏诊。总体比较,超声诊断HVOD符合率为87.50%（28/32）,CT诊断符合率为68.75%（22/32例）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.2,P〉0.05）。结论：HVOD急性期两者诊断价值一致,亚急性和慢性患者超声影像优于CT扫描。超声为首选影像检查,CT可作必要的补充。     

肝小静脉闭塞症的MRI表现

目的：探讨肝小静脉闭塞症（HVOD）的特征性影像学表现。方法：纳入经临床诊断或病理学证实并具备完整MRI资料的HVOD患者30例,通过影像学特点及临床诊断标准分别作出诊断,比较两者之间的差异。结果：HVOD的典型影像学表现包括肝大、斑片状的信号异常;增强扫描动脉期见多发小结节高信号病灶,部分肝动脉迂曲;门脉期可见斑片状强化、肝静脉狭窄、下腔静脉肝段受压呈细条状、下腔静脉及门静脉周围晕状改变;延迟期强化范围增大。MRI对HVOD的诊断敏感度为0.845,优于西雅图标准的0.485,MRI对HVOD诊断特异度为0.801,低于西雅图标准的0.921。MRI与西雅图标准对HVOD的诊断符合率较接近,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：结合土三七服用史及特异性的影像学表现,有助于HVOD的临床诊断,避免肝脏穿刺带来的风险。     

彩色多普勒超声对肝小静脉闭塞症的诊断价值

目的:探讨肝小静脉闭塞症(hepatic veno-occlusive disease,HVOD)的超声影像特点及其诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析6例HVOD患者11次灰阶及彩色多普勒超声图像,观察肝、肝静脉、门静脉、肝动脉、下腔静脉、胆囊、脾和腹水量.结果:6例HVOD治疗前均有不同程度的门静脉高压表现:灰阶超声示6例肝大,5例胆囊壁增厚呈双边影及腹水,4例脾大.彩色多普勒示门静脉血流速度减慢,1例出现反流,1例附脐静脉开放;4例患者肝静脉内径变窄,频谱呈门脉样;2例患者肝动脉阻力指数增高(>0.65).经过系统的抗HVOD治疗后4例患者上述超声表现得到了不同程度的改善.结论:灰阶及彩色多普勒超声对HVOD具有重要的辅助诊断及鉴别诊断价值.     

肝小静脉闭塞病的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨肝小静脉闭塞病(HVOD)的诊断、鉴别诊断,特别是与布-加综合征相鉴别,以提高对该疾病的认识.方法 收集2005年1月-2011年12月15例HVOD患者,所有患者均有服用中药土三七(350～1000g)史.临床表现为不同程度的肝区疼痛、肝肿大、黄疸、腹水,病程1～6个月.分析土三七所致患者的临床、影像学和病理学资料.结果 经内科药物治疗,治愈4例,好转6例,死亡5例.15例经多种影像学检查提示肝小静脉闭塞而3支肝静脉主干和下腔静脉肝段无闭塞,CT,MRI动态增强扫描显示全肝呈典型的“地图状”、斑片状增强区和低灌注区.6例病理表现为肝小静脉血管内膜急性水肿,而非血栓性阻塞、小叶扩张淤血、肝细胞坏死.结论 结合服用土三七病史和具备典型影像学表现者,应考虑为HVOD,确诊仍依靠病理活检.早期明确诊断,合理内科治疗,大多数患者预后良好.     

土三七致肝小静脉闭塞症的CT影像分析

目的 分析土三七致肝小静脉闭塞症(HVOD)的CT特点,对疾病严重程度进行分级.方法 收集37例服用土三七经病理或临床诊断为HVOD患者的资料,分析其影像特征.根据临床表现和结局,将患者分为轻度、中度、重度3组,根据CT增强后肝脏异常斑片状强化程度进行影像学评估.结果 37例均有腹水、肝脏斑片状强化、下腔静脉肝段狭窄、肝右静脉狭窄或闭塞.肝大30例(81.0％,30/37),胆囊壁增厚27例(77.1％,27/35),主肝静脉周围正常肝实质强化形成三叶草样表现19例(51.3％,19/37).肝脏异常斑片状强化程度与临床严重程度有统计学相关(Kappa=0.558).结论 腹水、肝脏斑片状强化、下腔静脉肝段狭窄和主肝静脉狭窄是土三七致HVOD主要影像表现.肝脏异常斑片状强化程度与临床严重程度相关.     

肝移植治疗肝小静脉闭塞病1例

肝小静脉闭塞病(Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, HVOD)是一种罕见病,诊断困难且疗效差,我院于2008年3月对1例HVOD患者施行肝移植手术治疗,效果良好.     

动态增强CT对肝小静脉闭塞症的诊断价值

目的：探讨肝小静脉闭塞症的MSCT表现及CT动态增强扫描对本病的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析12例经病理、临床证实的肝小静脉闭塞症患者的CT影像资料,总结其CT表现。结果：CT平扫：12例患者肝脏体积增大,肝实质呈局限性或弥漫性密度减低。增强扫描动脉期：10例（10／12）肝总动脉及左右分支增粗,肝内出现紊乱的网状血管;2例（2／12）同平扫相比无异常强化改变。门静脉期：9例（9／12）肝实质呈斑片状或地图状不均匀强化,肝内小静脉未显示,肝段下腔静脉改变（其中5例肝段下腔静脉呈明显逗号状,4例管腔变窄呈短条状）,下腔静脉远端未见明显扩张及侧支形成;3例（3／12）肝内静脉显影较淡,管径明显变细。实质期：肝脏改变与门脉期相似。结论：肝小静脉闭塞症的多层螺旋CT表现有一定特征性,结合临床表现和病史可提高影像诊断准确性。     

超声对造血干细胞移植后肝静脉闭塞症的诊断价值

目的探讨血液病患者造血干细胞移植(hemopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)治疗后并发肝静脉闭塞症(hepatic venoocclusive disease,HVOD)的声像图特点及其诊断价值。方法对45例HSCT患者进行常规腹部超声检查,并对其中9例并发HVOD患者进行密切追踪观察,以未发生HVOD患者(36例)为对照组,分析发生HVOD患者的声像图变化特征。结果HVOD患者出现肝大、肝静脉纤细、胆囊壁增厚、脾大、腹水等变化的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论密切追踪超声检查能为HSCT患者移植后并发HVOD的诊断提供可靠依据。     

肝静脉造影测压在肝小静脉闭塞病中的应用价值

 目的 探讨肝静脉造影下检测肝静脉楔压(WHVP)、肝静脉自由压(FHVP)和肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)在诊断肝小静脉闭塞病(hepatic veno-occlusive disease,VOD)中的应用价值. 方法我科从2003年8月～2006年8月共收治6例VOD患者,3例服用过"土三七",2例服用过"不明中药",1例病因不明.病程18 d～5个月.6例均有肝大和大量顽固性腹水,血清学检查肝炎标记物阴性,肝功能异常,心脏多普勒超声及肝静脉、下腔静脉造影检查无明确支持依据.因患者均有大量腹水而行肝穿活检.为明确诊断,对该6例行肝静脉造影及WHVP和FHVP检测,并以此计算出HVPG.结果 6例经肝静脉造影后测压,WHVP值为29.4～39.0 mmHg平均36.0 mmHg;FHVP值为:16.1～22.0 mmHg,平均为19.4 mmHg; HVPG值为:13.2～19.2 mmHg,平均16.4 mmHg.结论 对可疑VOD患者经静脉插管测定WHVP、FHAP和HVPG检测有助于VOD的明确诊断,且经济、方便、可靠性强,值得推广.     

烟雾病的MRI、MRA诊断价值

 目的探讨MRI、MRA对烟雾病(Moyamoya病)的诊断价值.方法对11例Moyamoya病患者行MRI和MRA检查,MRI包括横轴位和矢状位T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR;MRA采用3D TOF法,3例行增强MRA.结果MRI表现为:(1)Moyamoya血管:双侧3例,单侧8例;(2)脑梗死和脑软化灶11例;(3)局部脑萎缩3例.MRA表现为3例双侧颈内动脉狭窄,双侧大脑中、前动脉闭塞,大脑后动脉形成异常血管网;6例右侧颈内动脉、大脑中动脉狭窄;2例左侧颈内动脉、大脑中动脉狭窄.结论MRI能良好的显示脑内病变,MRA能较完整的显示异常血管,MRI与MRA相结合可作为烟雾病诊断的首选检查方法.     

The value of ultrasound in the preoperative diagnosis of muscle herniation: A comparison with magnetic resonance imaging

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinic value of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of muscle herniation.MethodsThis retrospective study was performed on 26 patients with muscle herniation confirmed by surgery. All patients were examined by US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively. The final histopathologic findings were retrospectively compared with the results of US and MRI.ResultsThe accuracy of ultrasonography and MRI were 92.3%(24/26) and 84.6%(22/26) respectively. There was no significant difference between two methods (χ² = 0.25, P > 0.05).ConclusionsUS can be used to observe the shape, size, location, internal echo and fascial defect of the mass of muscle herniation in a dynamical way. Ultrasound is a convenient method with high accuracy, it can be used as the first choice of imaging modality for the diagnosis of muscle herniation.     

Subungual keratoacanthoma: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings

Subungual keratoacanthoma is a rare, squamoproliferative neoplasm arising at the nail bed. It may cause erosion of the underlying bone. We report a case of subungual keratoacanthoma of the right thumb in a 63-year-old man. Radiographs showed cortical erosion of the distal phalanx of the right thumb. Ultrasonography showed a mixed echoic tumor. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tumor showed intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and mixed intermediate and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images with peripheral thin rim enhancement.     

Fetal brain tumors: Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicion of brain tumors during pregnancy. However, the definitive diagnosis is only confirmed after birth by histology. The purpose of this mini-review article is to describe the general clinical aspects of intracranial tumors and describe the main fetal brain tumors.     

平山病的MRI诊断

目的：探讨平山病（hirayama disease）的MR影像学表现,提高对该病的认识。方法通过查阅相关文献,回顾性分析2例临床已确诊的平山病MR自然位和过屈位影像表现,观察其低位颈髓的动态变化,并与健康自愿者的同条件扫描影像相比较,总结平山病的MR影像学表现。结果①自然位：曲线多有异常,下段颈髓萎缩,髓内可有异常信号,有失连接现象;②过屈位：所有患者均出现颈髓前移、变扁,硬脊膜后有月牙形、集簇状异常信号影;③2例患者强化检查示过屈位脊膜后异常信号影有强化;④志愿者自然位扫描显示颈椎曲度自然,颈髓粗细均匀,不存在失连接现象,过屈位脊膜后无异常信号影。结论MR颈椎检查特别是过屈位扫描能够显示出平山病的特征性影像学改变,对于平山病的早期诊断具有重大价值。     

Identification of occult breast lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging with targeted ultrasound: A prospective study

Objective

To verify the capacity of targeted ultrasound (US) to identify additional lesions detected on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but occult to initial mammography, US and clinical examinations.

Methods

This prospective study included 68 additional relevant breast lesions identified on MRI of 49 patients. As an inclusion criterion, breast US and mammography were required and performed up to six months before MRI. These lesions were then subjected to targeted “second-look” US up to 2 weeks after MRI, performed by one or two radiologists with expertise on breast imaging. Lesions were evaluated according to the established Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon.

Results

Targeted US identified 46/68 (67.6%) lesions revealed by MRI. No significant associations were observed between US identification and the type of lesion, dimensions, morphological characteristics and enhancement pattern according to MRI findings. Targeted US identified 100% of BI-RADS category 5 lesions, 90% of category 4 lesions, and just over 50% of category 3 lesions (p < 0.05). There was significant agreement (p < 0.001) between MRI and US BI-RADS classification for all three categories.

Conclusion

Targeted US can identify a large proportion of the lesions detected by breast MRI, especially those at high risk of malignancy, when performed by a professional with experience in both breast US and MRI.