腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆道造影和胆总管囊肿根治切除、肝管空肠吻合术的可行性。方法:34例先天性胆总管囊肿患者行腹腔镜下胆道造影,胆囊和囊状胆管完全切除,经脐孔提出空肠行Roux-en-Y吻合和体内肝管空肠吻合手术。结果:胆道造影显示胆管囊状扩张24例,梭形扩张10例。33例腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,手术时间平均4.2h(3.5~6.5h);1例胰腺内胆总管远段囊肿中转开腹手术。4例合并肝管狭窄同时行胆管成形术。术后5~7d患者痊愈出院。31例获得随访,5~40个月未发生术后并发症。结论:腹腔镜下胆道造影简便实用,对指导镜下根治切除囊肿,避免损伤胆胰管连接部和处理肝内胆管狭窄有重要参考价值。     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术的手术体会及技术改进

目的 总结腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术的临床经验,并探讨其手术技巧和技术改进.方法 2010年11月-2012年11月,共实施腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术31例.采用4孔法,先游离胆囊,行胆道造影,然后扩大脐部切口提出空肠,完成Roux-Y吻合,还纳肠管后再切除囊肿,行胆肠吻合术.结果 31例患者,2例中转开腹,29例完成腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿根治术,手术时间为200 ～ 460 min,平均260 min;术后早期并发症3例(9.7％),其中胆瘘1例;术后腹壁切口出血1例;Roux-Y胆袢扭转1例.术后患儿均获得随访,随访时间为3～ 27个月,全部患儿肝功能正常,超声检查无结石形成,未见胆管狭窄及扩张.结论 腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术安全可靠,效果满意.     

肝总管直径≤5mm顿挫型胆总管囊肿行腹腔镜胆肠吻合的方法初探

目的:总结为肝总管直径≤5 mm的胆总管囊肿患儿行腹腔镜囊肿切除+肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术中胆肠吻合的临床经验。方法:回顾分析2018年1月至2019年4月腹腔镜胆总管囊肿根治术中发现的6例肝总管直径≤5 mm的顿挫型胆总管囊肿患儿的临床资料,其中男1例,女5例。患儿9个月～4岁,平均(25.5±14.7)个月。术前转氨酶升高5例,胆红素升高2例,囊肿感染2例,合并胰腺炎1例。肝总管与肠管后壁用5-0可吸收缝线连续缝合,前壁间断缝合,缝合完毕后依次打结。统计手术前后转氨酶、胆红素、淀粉酶等指标,观察术中胆肠吻合时间、术后胆漏、吻合口狭窄、胆管结石及肝管扩张情况。结果:6例患儿中2例肝总管直径4 mm, 4例5 mm,均成功完成肝总管空肠吻合,胆肠吻合时间20～30 min,术后无胆漏发生,随访17～34个月,平均(22.7±6.2)个月,患儿转氨酶、胆红素、淀粉酶均恢复正常。术后随访,B超检查示无吻合口狭窄、胆管结石及肝管扩张发生。结论:肝总管直径≤5 mm的顿挫型胆总管囊肿行腹腔镜根治手术时,采用可吸收缝线连续缝合肝总管后壁与空肠、间断缝合前壁,然后依次打结是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿的手术治疗

目的 探讨在腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、空肠切断及肠肠吻合、胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合的可行性、安全性、技术特点及优势.方法 自2008年6月至2013年2月期间,对24例胆管囊肿行腹腔镜下病变胆管切除、空肠切断及肠肠吻合、胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合.结果 24例患者均顺利完成手术.手术时间168 ～216 min,平均（168±24） min.术中出血40～ 120 ml,平均（60±33）ml.术后出现胆漏1例,无肠漏、无出血等.结论 腹腔镜下病变胆管切除、肠管切断及肠肠吻合、胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合是安全、可行的,与开腹手术相比,有明显优势.     

腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-Y吻合术治疗婴幼儿胆总管囊肿

目的 探讨腹腔镜下治疗婴幼儿胆总管囊肿的关键技术,介绍加用外固定肝脏拉钩应用的初步经验.方法 患儿42例,采用四Trocar加外置Nathanson肝脏拉钩外固定技术,腹腔镜下完成胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合胆道重建术.结果 本组患儿手术全部成功,无死亡,无中转开腹手术.手术平均时间为4.5h(3.5～7h),出血量10～50ml;术中发现合并美克尔憩室1例,肠旋转不良1例;切除阑尾5例;术后应激性溃疡并消化道出血2例,胆漏2例,胰漏1例,脐部伤口感染1例;术后平均住院时间6.5d(6～21d).术后随访1个月～5.5年,未发现胆囊炎、肠粘连梗阻和吻合口狭窄发生.结论 经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术是一种安全可靠的方法,腹腔镜下打结缝合技术和清晰宽敞的手术空间是该手术成功的关键与保障.     

腹腔镜辅助治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠吻合术根治胆总管囊肿的手术方式及效果。方法对2008年1月至2010年8月间18例在腹腔镜辅助下行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术的病例资料进行回顾性分析。手术中均行胆囊造影,了解胆总管扩张情况及肝内胆管、胰腺管情况,同时行腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除,扩大脐部切口,将空肠提出腹壁外,腹腔外空肠吻合,腹腔镜下肝总管空肠端侧吻合。结果均完全在腹腔镜辅助下完成,手术时间3．5～4．0h。无中转开腹,术后近期无胆漏、肠漏等并发症,术后6～8d出院。结论腹腔镜辅助下行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux—Y吻合术效果可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快,是治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的较好术式。     

完全腹腔镜成人胆总管囊肿切除术的技术改进

目的探讨改进的腹腔镜下解剖分离技术以及胆肠吻合技术在完全腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术中的应用价值。方法 2013年10月~2016年10月,对10例成人先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、胆囊切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合。腹腔镜下超声刀锐性分离结合吸引器冲洗钝性解剖法游离并完整切除胆总管囊肿和胆囊,用"一点法"全程全层连续缝合技术行肝管空肠端侧吻合,用腔镜下直线切割吻合器行空肠侧侧吻合。结果全组均成功完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹。手术时间150~310 min,平均184.3 min,其中"一点法"肝管空肠吻合时间18~45 min,平均22.7 min。术中出血量30~120 ml,平均50.5 ml。术后第1天疼痛评分1~4分,平均2.0分,肛门排气时间1~3 d,平均2.0 d,术后住院时间5~11 d,平均6.0 d。1例术后少量胆漏,余无围手术期并发症。10例均获得随访,随访时间2~36个月,平均17.2月,1例术后21天因饮食因素导致空肠吻合口炎,保守治愈,无反流性胆管炎、吻合口狭窄等。结论完全腹腔镜下应用超声刀锐性分离结合吸引器冲洗钝性解剖法切除成人先天性胆总管囊肿是安全、有效的。"一点法"全程全层连续胆肠吻合技术能够简化操作及降低腹腔镜下缝合难度,有助于腔镜术式的开展。     

腹腔镜肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗52例3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿的疗效。方法2001年4月～2007年3月,采用腹腔镜技术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿52例,其中囊状扩张44例,梭形扩张8例。12例（23%）患儿合并肝门部肝管狭窄,行肝管扩大成形术;采用四孔技术和3～5 mm手术器械完成胆道造影、胆囊和胆总管囊肿壁全层彻底切除;延长脐部切口提出空肠,直视下行Roux—en—Y空肠吻合,然后还纳肠管;经结肠后上提空肠的肝支,镜下将肝管与空肠连续吻合。结果52例在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开放手术,平均手术时间226 min（160～455 min）,手术中出血量5～10 ml,无手术中需要输血者。1例肝门胆管狭窄的患儿术后胆漏,持续腹腔引流26 d,自然愈合。术后1～2 d进食,无并发症患儿住院3～6 d。52例术后随访3～72个月,平均32.6月,肝功能正常,无并发胆管狭窄和胆管炎,无结石和胰腺炎发生。结论腹腔镜胆总管囊肿彻底切除肝管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合手术治疗3岁以内婴幼儿先天性胆总管囊肿安全、可靠,镜下放大的手术视野有利于精确的手术操作。     

完全腹腔镜胆总管切除肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术五例经验

目的探讨完全腹腔镜胆总管切除肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术的方法和优缺点。方法2003年4月至2004年11月,5例患者接受了完全腹腔镜胆总管切除肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术,其中先天性胆总管囊肿4例,胆总管中段癌1例。结果4例顺利完成手术,出血10～150ml,手术时间255（220～300）min,1例同时行疝囊高位结扎术。3例放置了胆道支架管,术后40～50d拔出。术后平均住院时间10d。1例有疤痕体质患者因术后轻微胆瘘给予保守治疗,停留肝下引流管21d后痊愈出院,并于术后4个月因肝肠吻合口狭窄行腹腔镜吻合口狭窄松解成型术,余3例患者术后已经随访21～35个月,无复发等并发症发生,情况良好（胆管癌术后已生存35个月）。1例2岁小儿患者术中分离胆总管囊肿后壁时出血中转为开腹手术。结论经过选择的患者进行腹腔镜胆总管切除肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术技术上是可行的,具有微创、恢复快,术后腹壁疤痕小、腹腔粘连少等优点,值得进一步探讨。     

经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿根治术并发症的探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后并发症和预防。方法 2001年7月～2006年6月,经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿根治术66例（65例为2个月～14岁,中位数3岁9个月,另1例28岁）。囊肿型61例,直径2.5～18cm;梭形5例,直径1.2～2.2cm。其中9例合并肝门部肝管狭窄,行肝管扩大成形术。结果 66例均在腹腔镜下成功完成手术,平均手术时间3.8h（2.6～9.5h）,术后平均住院时间4.5d（3～8d）。早期并发症：胆漏2例,1例腹腔引流后自愈,另1例因腹腔引流不畅行开腹手术,术中见吻合口漏,重新吻合后愈合;1例术后7h高血钾（10.8mmol/L）心跳停止,复苏成功后于术后第3天死于肾功能衰竭;应激性溃疡2例,自行缓解。无腹腔和伤口感染。远期并发症：术后6个月突发肠梗阻1例,开腹探查见空肠肝支肠管粘连梗阻坏死,行肠切除吻合手术。无吻合口狭窄和胆管炎,65例存活者随访6～56个月,中位数21个月,行B超检查未见胆石发生,肝功能正常。结论 经腹腔镜行先天性胆总管囊肿切除肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是复杂的高风险手术,有与开腹手术类似的胆漏、应激性溃疡和肠梗阻并发症。高钾血症是该手术特殊的严重并发症,可能与长时间的CO2气腹有关,术后必须常规监测血钾变化。     

复合型胆总管囊肿的腹腔镜手术治疗

目的 总结腹腔镜手术治疗复合型(Ⅳ-A)胆总管囊肿的经验.方法 回顾性分析2002-2009年间腹腔镜手术治疗65例胆总管囊肿患儿的临床资料.其中16例为Ⅳ-A型,切除肝外囊肿及肝门部胆管成形后行肝管空肠扩大吻合术.结果 16例复合型胆总管囊肿均顺利完成腹腔镜手术.8例合并肝总管狭窄,予以狭窄段切开或切除后扩大肝管空肠吻合;4例左右肝管汇合处狭窄,于分叉水平向左右肝管切开行双管-空肠吻合;2例合并右肝管开口隔膜狭窄,经肝门胆管将其切开;2例合并左肝管囊肿下游狭窄,自肝门向左肝管切开扩大成形后行肝管-空肠斜形吻合.2例出现术后并发症,1例暂时性胆漏自愈,1例吻合口狭窄再手术后解除.随访观察肝内囊肿明显减小直至消失.结论 腹腔镜提供的视野放大效果有利于囊肿根治性切除及肝门胆管狭窄矫治.对于复合型胆总管囊肿,腹腔镜肝门部或肝内胆肠吻合安全有效.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize our experience of laparoscopic surgery for complex choledochal cysts (type Ⅳ-A). Methods The clinical data of 65 children of choledochal cyst undergoing laparoscopic choledochal cyst resection were retrospectively reviewed from 2002 to 2009 in our institute.Among those type Ⅳ-A cyst was found in 16 patients. Hepaticojejunostomy was performed using a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop after extrahepatic cyst excision and ductoplasty. Results Laparoscopic procedures were successfully performed in 16 patients with type Ⅳ-A cysts. The stenotic segment was splited or excised and a wide hepaticojejunostomy was completed at the porta hepatis in 8 patients with a stricture extending to the level of common hepatic duct. The constrictive confluence of the bilateral hepatic duct was incised and the bi-ductal cystojejunostomy was achieved at the bifurcation in 4 cases. A septum was found at the orifice of right hepatic duct and was excised through the hilar stoma in 2 cases. A downstream stricture of the left hepatic duct was incised from the hilum to the dilated segment along the lateral wall in 2 patients, so that a long intrahepatic cystojejunostomy was completed in an oblique course. Postoperative complications developed in 2 cases including temporary bile leakage in one case and anastomotic stricture in another. The intrahepatic cysts were remarkably reduced in size during the follow-up. Conclusions With the magnified laparoscopic view, the radical resection of extrahepatic cyst and correction of the intrahepatic bile ductal stenosis can be easily performed. Laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy and/or intrahepatic cystojejunostomy is effective and safe for children with type Ⅳ-A choledochal cysts.     

An adult choledochal cyst—the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings: Report of a case

We herein report an unusual adult patient with a congenital choledochal cyst. A 28-year-old woman presented with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. Abdominal ultrasonography showed fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct without any obstruction. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were performed to make a precise diagnosis. No abnormal pancreatobiliary junction was detected on ERCP. The MRCP images more clearly defined the type and extent of the choledochal cyst as observed at surgery. The cyst and gallbladder were excised and a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed. We also reviewed the relevant English literature and concluded that MRCP offers diagnostic information that is equivalent or superior to that of ERCP for the evaluation of type I choledochal cysts in adults and because this modality is noninvasive, it should therefore be the preferred imaging technique for an examination of adult patients with choledochal cysts.     

Laparoscopic resection of congenital choledochal cyst, hepaticojejunostomy, and externally made Roux-en-Y anastomosis

The authors present a 3-month-old patient with a congenital choledochal cyst, which was asymptomatic until treatment. On laparoscopy, a type I choledochal cyst was confirmed and excised laparoscopically. A Roux-en-Y anastomosis was constructed after exteriorization of the small bowel via the infraumbilical trocar incision. A laparoscopic end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy was carried out. The operation lasted 4½ hours, without intraoperative problems. Oral food intake was started on day 2 and well tolerated with bile stained stools. Symptoms of bowel obstruction occurred on day 8. On minilaparotomy, the Roux-en-Y anastomosis was found to be adherent to the mesenterium of the colon, leading to obstruction. After mobilizing the loop, the postoperative course was uneventful. We conclude that laparoscopic resection of congenital choledochal cyst and choledochojejunostomy was feasible in the youngest patient operated on so far. However, adhesive small bowel obstruction can also occur, as after conventional operation, when the bowel is exteriorized for Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.     

Forme fruste choledochal cyst

Four patients had the characteristic features of choledochal cyst except for the cystic component. All patients had stenosis of the distal common bile duct, a "long common channel" secondary to a proximal junction of the common bile and pancreatic ducts, cholecystitis and the classic pathological microscopic features of choledochal cyst in the wall of the common bile duct. Three children had coexisting intrahepatic duct cysts and/or stenosis and one had intrahepatic choledocholithiasis. The clinical presentations were cholangitis (2), pancreatitis (1) and biliary obstruction (1). In all cases the common bile duct was resected and biliary reconstruction was carried out by choledochojejunostomy (Roux-en-Y). Morbidity was minor except in one patient with ductal disease extending far into the intrahepatic ducts. This child developed an anastomotic stricture requiring revision of the anastomosis and long-term "U" tube stenting. Forme fruste choledochal cyst appears to be another variation in the spectrum of pancreaticobiliary malformations of choledochal cyst. Treatment is identical, that is, excision of all malformed ductal tissue.     

Laparoscopically assisted extrahepatic cyst excision and left hemihepatectomy for a type IV-A choledochal cyst

Some studies have reported on laparoscopic excision for treating the choledochal cyst, yet there are no reports on laparoscopic surgery for treating type IV-A choledochal cysts that require a liver resection. In this paper, we report on a case of laparoscopic cyst excision combined with left hemihepatectomy and laparoscopy-assisted Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for treating a type IV-A choledochal cyst. A 51-year-old female was admitted with symptoms of jaundice and cholangitis. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was done preoperatively for controlling the cholangitis. The imaging studies revealed a type IV-A choledochal cyst with an associated stricture of the left main intrahepatic duct. After the resolution of the cholangitis, total laparoscopic cyst excision and left hemihepatectomy were performed by using the four-port technique, and then a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was done by a laparoscopy-assisted method. The total operation time was 420 minutes. The estimated blood loss was 300 mL, and no perioperative transfusion was needed. The tubogram, which was performed through the PTBD on postoperative day 5, showed good patency of the bilioenteric anastomosis and no biliary leakage. The patient was discharged at postoperative day 7 without any complications. This case shows the feasibility of performing laparoscopic surgery for treating a type IV-A choledochal cyst that requires a liver resection. We believe that laparoscopic cyst excision with a liver resection can be one of the treatment options for selected patients with type IV-A choledochal cysts.     

先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因分析及治疗

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因及治疗方法.方法 对41例先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术患者的临床资料进行总结分析.结果 按先天性胆总管囊肿Todani分型,41例中Ⅰ型32例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型5例(其中1例呈弥漫性左右肝分布).既往有1次胆道手术史者30例,2次者8例,3次者3例.41例中合并有胆管结石40例,胆道感染33例,肝门部胆管狭窄7例,原胆肠吻合口狭窄6例,囊肿癌变5例.本次行切除肝外胆管囊肿、肝管空肠Boux-en-Y吻合术者32例,其中2例囊肿癌变者同时行肝十二指肠韧带骨骼化和区域淋巴结清扫术;行肝叶切除联合胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术者8例;行胆肠吻合口狭窄切开成形、胆肠内引流重建术1例.41例术后均获随访,随访时间3个月至10年,平均53.7±32.1个月,随访期内发生胆道感染4例,无吻合口狭窄或结石复发等并发症发生.结论 胆总管囊肿术式选择不当及诊断失误导致的多种并发症是导致再手术的主要原因,肝内外胆管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术可取得较为满意的疗效.     

腹腔镜下先天性胆总管囊肿切除肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术

背景Ⅰ型胆总管囊肿的腹腔镜手术治疗由于难度、风险大,少有中心开展。近日我们顺利完成了1例巨大Ⅰ型胆总管囊肿的全腔镜手术治疗。方法采用5孔法,囊肿的显露采用将胆囊与腹壁暂时缝合来完成,用电凝钩顺利完成囊肿的全部分离和切除。肝总管空肠重建方法如下：上提空肠,结肠前距离屈氏韧带25cm处与肝总管行端侧吻合,用4-0的可吸收线连续一层缝合。空肠袢的长度约60cm。结果手术300min,术中出血100ml,未输血。术后5d口服流质饮食,术后7d出院。结论I型胆总管巨大囊肿的全腔镜手术治疗是安全和有效的。     

完全腹腔镜下胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的应用：附25例报告

目的:探讨和总结完全腹腔镜下胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的手术技巧及技术改进。方法:回顾性分析2011年10月—2014年10月期间行改良完全腹腔镜下胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的25例患者临床资料。其中先天性胆总管囊肿(I型)10例,胆总管结石合并下段炎性狭窄2例,胰头癌6例,胆总管下端癌5例,壶腹周围癌2例。结果:全组患者均成功完成手术,无中转开腹。先天性胆总管囊肿手术时间(194.5±20)min,炎性狭窄及恶性肿瘤导致梗阻性黄疸手术时间(120±23.5)min;胆管空肠吻合时间为(18.4±3.3)min,空肠空肠吻合时间为(17.4±2.3)min;平均术中出血(38.8±35.8)m L,下床活动时间(2.0±0.9)d,排气时间(2.48±0.7)d,术后住院时间(7.96±1.9)d。术后1例发生少量胆汁漏,经延长腹腔引流时间痊愈。24例(96.0%)获得随访1~36个月,1例患者术后出现反流性胆管炎,经抗感染等治疗后痊愈;所有患者均未出现黄疸复发。结论:完全腹腔镜下胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是安全、有效、可行的,通过技术改进,能降低手术难度,简化手术流程,缩短手术时间。     

成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的临床分析

目的:探讨成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的诊断及治疗。方法:回顾性分析1996年1月—2012年5月收治的53例成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症患者的临床资料。结果:53例患者均行手术治疗,Ia,Ib,Ic型39例和II型4例行囊肿完整切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,另3例Ia型行囊肿大部分切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;IVa型1例行肝左外叶切除、囊肿完整切除、胆管成形、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,另1例行囊肿完整切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;V型1例行左肝内胆管囊肿切除术;2例癌变患者,其中1例行癌变囊肿切除、局部转移淋巴结清扫术,1例行囊肿切除、左肝内胆管肿瘤切除术。53例手术患者中获随访42例,随访时间为6个月至3年,良性患者情况良好;2例癌变患者,1例术后生存26个月,死于肿瘤复发,多系统器官功能衰竭,1例术后26个月肿瘤复发,肝转移,再次手术行左半肝切除、S5(第V段肝脏)切除、肝肠吻合术,术后2个月出现肿瘤进展,死于多系统器官功能衰竭。结论:成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的手术方式选择与治疗效果密切相关,不同的临床分型应选择不同的手术方式。     

Choledochal cyst. Etiological considerations and surgical management in 22 cases

In a 14-year period from 1962 to 1976, there were 22 cases of choledochal cyst treated by two different approaches: choledochocystenterostomy to the duodenum in three and to the jejunum in a Roux-en-Y operation in four cases, and excision of the cyst with hepaticojejunostomy in 14 and with end-to-end anastomosis of the common bile duct in one case. There was one death in each group. In five cases, direct cholangiography, either operative or endoscopic, demonstrated a reflux of the contrast material from the biliary system to the pancreatic duct. In four cases, the amylase level of the cystic content was elevated, ranging from 182 to 50,820 Somogyi units. A reflux of the pancreatic juice into the biliary system was thought to be a possible cause of choledochal cyst. Excision of the cyst with hepaticojejunostomy in a Roux-en-Y operation seems to be the treatment of choice from the aspects of cholangitis, malignant change, and termination of the pancreatic reflux to the biliary system.