好氧微生物处理模拟尿液废水驯化实验研究

目的针对再生式生命保障系统中尿液废水处理与回用的需求,初步建立用于尿液废水处理的好氧微生物工艺系统。方法设计并构建序批式好氧微生物处理试验系统,进行驯化实验,考察有机碳(TOC)和有机氮的转化过程。结果 86 d的驯化运行试验表明,系统中TOC降解、有机氮的氨化以及硝化等性能均在23 d内达到最佳水平,且系统对短期供氧故障具有良好的自我恢复能力;稳定运行期TOC的降解过程在3 h之内完成,出水TOC稳定低于10 mg/L,有机氮的氨化过程以及硝化过程持续进行至9 h;系统平均TOC去除率97.3%,平均有机氮氨化率96.5%,平均硝化率59.8%。结论构建好氧系统能较好地完成对1∶10浓度模拟尿液废水的驯化处理,所得结果可为尿液废水微生物处理系统好氧单元的设计提供依据。     

光动力药物血卟啉单甲醚HPLC-荧光检测法的建立及其药代动力学研究

目的建立测定血浆中血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)的HPLC-荧光检测法,并用以进行HMME在犬体内的药代动力学研究。方法血浆中的HMME采用乙酸乙酯液-液萃取,荧光素为内标。选用C18柱(4·6mm×150mm,5μm),0·02mol/L醋酸钠(用冰醋酸调pH6·0)-四氢呋喃(60∶40)组成为流动相,荧光检测器激发波长为395nm,发射波长为613nm。结果HMME血药浓度的范围为0·025~5·000μg/mL,采用两条标准曲线定量的方法,两条标准曲线的线性范围分别为:0·025~0·500μg/ml(r=0·9973)和0·25~5·00μg/ml(r=0·9999),提取回收率92·1%~99·2%,日内、日间RSD分别为3·3%~8·4%和3·8%~8·5%。静脉给药后,HMME在犬体内的药代动力学符合开放二房室模型。其主要药代动力学参数:T1/2α(分布半衰期)=(0·18±0·16)h,T1/2β(消除半衰期)=(14·24±3·41)h,Vd(中央室表观分布容积)=(6·37±3·70)L/g,CL(清除率)=(0·31±0·17)L·kg-1·L-1,AUC(0-tn)(血药浓度-时间曲线下面积)=(27·40±11·72)mg·h-1L·-1。结论HPLC-荧光检测法准确、灵敏,适用于HMME药代动力学研究。HMME在犬体内的药代动力学过程符合开放二室模型,其在犬体内可以迅速消除,可很好地消除光动力学疗法的主要副作用———正常组织的持久光毒反应。     

芳维A酸乙酯对小鼠多形核白细胞趋化活性的影响

1 材料与方法 1.1 动物分组 90只小鼠随机均分3组.空白对照组:根据体重每天用0.5ml左右的花生油灌胃;小剂量芳维A酸乙硝(arotinoid ethylester, AE)组:按7.4g/(kg·d)灌胃;大剂量AE组,按14.8g/(kg·d)灌胃.观察时相点:未灌胃时(0天)、灌胃后第1、2、4、6、8天.     

多巴胺对严重烫伤大鼠血清乳酸、一氧化氮水平的影响

大鼠预置心导管 ,3 0 %Ⅲ度烫伤后静脉复苏 ,观察多巴胺 [3 μg/(kg·min) ]持续给药后大鼠的血清乳酸、一氧化氮 (NO)水平的变化。结果显示 ,与对照组相比 ,多巴胺治疗能显著降低严重烫伤大鼠血清中的乳酸、NO水平 ,以伤后 3～ 12h明显。研究表明 ,多巴胺可降低严重烫伤大鼠休克期血清乳酸、NO水平。     

快速崩解阿莫西林片的人体相对生物利用度研究

8名男性健康志愿者交叉单剂量一次口服被试制剂和参比制剂阿莫西林 5 0 0mg ,用微生物法测定其血药浓度 ,用 3P87程序进行拟合计算药代动力学参数 ,NDST程序对AUC、Tmax、Cmax和T1/2 的实测值进行生物等效性检验。其结果分别为 :AUC(2 1.39± 3.81) μg/ (ml·h)和 (19.2 4± 4.2 2 ) μg/ (ml·h) ;Tmax(1.94± 0 .73)h和 (1.94± 0 .72 )h ;Cmax(7.5 9± 1.70 ) μg/ml和 (7.2 1± 1.94) μg/ml;T1/2 (1.47± 0 .45 )h和 (1.31± 0 .18)h。其主要动力学参数经配对t检验差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。说明受试与参比制剂具有完全生物等效性 ,生物利用度为 (113.0± 17.2 ) %     

肠外营养支持对红细胞免疫功能的影响

在肠外营养支持中,非蛋白热卡的主要能源物质之一是脂肪乳剂.有研究提示脂肪乳剂对机体细胞免疫功能有影响(Br J Surg,1986;73:843),但尚少脂肪乳剂对红细胞免疫功能影响的报道.我们选取了30例胃癌根治术的病人,将其随机分为静脉营养(TPN)组和非TPN组,前瞻观察了红细胞免疫功能的变化,报告如下.1 材料与方法1.1 一般资料:选择1994年1月至1995年12月择期胃癌手术病人30例,男28例,女2例;年龄40～79岁,平均59岁.均行胃癌根治术.术后随机分为:①静脉营养组(n=20),供能146～167KJ/(kg·d),供氮0.2g/(kg·d),其中 40%～50%非蛋白热卡由10%IntraliPid提供,其余的50%～60%由葡萄糖提供.②非TPN组(n=10),供能62～83KJ/(kg·d),由葡萄糖提供,供氮 0.2g/(kg·d).     

七味白术散与酵母菌联用对菌群失调腹泻模型小鼠肠道乳酸杆菌多样性的影响

目的为七味白术散与酵母菌的临床联合运用提供微生态学依据。方法给抗生素造模菌群失调腹泻小鼠,分别灌胃25%超微七味白术散[0.04g/(kg·d)]+25%酵母菌[0.25×10~(10)个酵母/(kg·d)]、50%超微七味白术散[0.08g/(kg·d)]、全量传统七味白术散[0.16 g/(kg·d)]、无菌生理盐水0.16g/(kg·d),采集回肠的肠道内容物,提取微生物宏基因组DNA,用乳酸杆菌特异引物PCR扩增后进行ARDRA分析。结果 25%超微七味白术散+25%酵母菌组的OTUs(分类单元)数为5,Shannon指数为2.3219,Brillouin指数为1.3814,与正常组和50%超微七味白术散组数据相同,高于全量传统七味白术散组和模型组;从主成分分析来看,25%超微七味白术散+25%酵母菌组累积贡献率低于正常组,高于50%超微七味白术散组、全量传统七味白术散组和模型组。结论 25%超微七味白术散+25%酵母菌对乳酸杆菌多样性的调控作用优于50%超微七味白术散组和全量传统七味白术散组,更有利于腹泻的治疗。     

痛风饮中橙皮苷 儿茶素和芒果苷在大鼠体内药代动力学实验

目的研究痛风饮中有效成分橙皮苷、儿茶素和芒果苷在大鼠体内药代动力学。方法采用HPLC法,测定SD大鼠灌胃给予痛风饮后不同时间橙皮苷、儿茶素和芒果苷的血药浓度,采用DAS 2.0软件计算3种成分的药物代谢动力学参数。结果橙皮苷在0.13².67μg·ml^-1呈线性关系,药动学参数:C_max为（22.40±0.22）μg·ml^-1,T_max为1 h,AUC_0-t为（155.11±1.36）mg·L^-1·h;芒果苷在0.17³.44μg·ml^-1呈线性关系,药动学参数:C_max为（12.13±0.18）μg·ml^-1,T_max为2 h,AUC_0-t为（181.84±1.51）mg·L^-1·h;儿茶素在0.08¹.65μg·ml^-1呈线性关系,药动学参数:C_max为（18.00±0.26）μg·ml^-1,T_max为10 h,AUC_0-t为（248.66±1.55）mg·L^-1·h。结论大鼠单次灌胃痛风饮后,橙皮苷、儿茶素和芒果苷体内过程均呈二室模型。     

注射用紫杉醇纳米乳剂和紫杉醇注射液在比格犬体内的药代动力学比较

目的:建立高效液相-质谱联用法测定比格犬血浆中紫杉醇的浓度,评价和比较注射用紫杉醇纳米乳剂和市售紫杉醇注射液在比格犬体内的药代动力学性质.方法:采用随机、双周期、自身交叉实验设计,比格犬分别匀速静脉滴注40 mg/犬注射用紫杉醇纳米乳剂和紫杉醇注射液.高效液相-质谱联用法测定血浆中药物浓度,并测定药代动力学数据.结果:分别静脉滴注紫杉醇两种制剂后, 比格犬的血药浓度速率下降较快, 两种制剂均为二室模型.注射用紫杉醇纳米乳剂与紫杉醇注射液两种制剂的主要药代动力学参数如下:t1/2z 为(5.07±1.30)和(4.62±0.976)h;Clz为(15.1±2.43)和(10.1±2.35)h·L-1;Vz为(111±38.8)和(65.8±16.4)L;Cmax为(1 416±162)和(2 231±519)μg·L-1;AUC0-680 min为(2 442±535)和(3 753±771)μg·h·L-1; AUC0-∞为(2 725±559)和(4 163±922)μg·h·L-1.结论:两种制剂主要药代动力学参数中AUC,Clz,Vz和Cmax间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),紫杉醇纳米乳剂与紫杉醇注射液的平均AUC之比(纳米乳剂/紫杉醇注射液)为0.665±0.146.     

谷氨酰胺双肽对全胃切除术后机体蛋白合成的影响

 目的探讨全胃切除术后给予含谷氨酰胺双肽的肠外营养对机体蛋白合成的影响.方法72例行全胃切除的胃癌患者,随机分为对照组36例和实验组36例.两组患者均接受等氮[0.2g/(kg·d)]、等能量[30kcal/(kg·d)]的肠外营养7d,实验组同时补充谷氨酰胺双肽,相当于谷氨酰胺[0.34g/(kg·d)].在术前和术后第1、8天取外周血测定视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TEN).结果术后第8天,实验组RBP、PA、TEN均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论全胃切除术后给予含谷氨酰胺双肽的肠外营养可促进机体蛋白质的合成,降低蛋白质分解,改善营养状况.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.