低浓度CO_2吸附过程中水对固态胺吸附性能的影响研究

目的研究水对固态胺材料吸附低浓度CO2性能的影响。方法通过比较无水和水存在时固态胺材料吸附0.4%(v/v)CO2的性能,考察水对固态胺材料的吸附性能的影响。结果当吸附气中水含量3.71~12.84 mg/L时,固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量从50.53 mg/g提高到69.83 mg/g,水含量在12.84~22.37 mg/L时,固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量从69.83 mg/g下降至~48 mg/g。吸附气水含量为8.5 mg/L时,水参与下固态胺材料的CO2吸附速率更大。结论实验所用固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量受到水的影响,适量水存在能提高固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量,但水含量达到一定程度后,固态胺材料的CO2平衡吸附量有下降趋势。在20℃吸附温度下,一定量的水含量(8.5 mg/L)不但能提高固态胺材料对CO2的吸附速率且并不影响固态胺材料的CO2脱附性能。     

固态胺二氧化碳去除系统中反应罐的设计

目的 设计一种能满足长期载人航天器内固态胺吸附／水蒸气解吸CO2控制系统要求的反应罐。方法 根据系统要求及固态胺本身特性,解决如下关键问题：（1）额定的阻力损失需要减少床高与吸附,浓缩需要增加床高的问题;（2）有限的解吸热量与一定解吸温度保持的问题;（3）微重力下如何适应固态胺的膨胀与收缩的问题。结果 成功地实现了CO2的吸附,解吸及浓缩,系统可控制座舱CO2浓度在0．5％以下,浓缩的CO2浓度＞95％,可直接进入CO2还原系统,系统阻力低于160mmH2O,解吸能耗降到650W以下,结论 设计的反应罐能满足微重力条件下固态胺二氧化碳去除系统的要求。     

基于固态胺的CO_2和湿度综合控制装置性能试验研究

目的研制一套以固态胺作为吸附剂的CO_2和湿度吸附去除装置,实现载人登月飞行器中CO_2和湿度的综合控制。方法通过监测舱内CO_2浓度变化、反应装置吸附、解吸前后重量变化、反应装置进出口温度变化,考察不同试验条件下装置吸附、解吸CO_2和水的性能,以及影响装置吸附性能的因素。结果该装置能够同时去除舱内的CO_2和水蒸气,温度对装置的吸附性能有显著影响,降低入口气流以及反应装置内部的温度有利于CO_2的吸附,水的存在影响固态胺材料对CO_2的吸附。结论后续装置优化改进的方向为吸附时及时将热量导出,解吸时提高热能利用率,节省能耗。     

不同结构萜类对盐酸普萘洛尔透皮活化能的影响

目的 研究不同结构萜类对盐酸普萘洛尔透皮活化能的影响.方法 测定不同温度下盐酸普萘洛尔透过离体鼠皮的渗透系数,根据Arrhenius方程计算透皮活化能.结果 由计算公式得到不同条件下的Arrhenius方程,方程变量间相关系数良好(r>0.97).由方程斜率计算得到,对照溶液中盐酸普萘洛尔的活化能为90.06 kJ/mol,而薄荷醇、薄荷酮和红没药醇存在下的活化能分别为69.42、106.14、124.39 kJ/mol.结论 盐酸普萘洛尔透过鼠皮需要较高活化能,除薄荷醇外,薄荷酮和红没药醇不能降低其透皮活化能.推断其原因可能为盐酸普萘洛尔与萜之间形成分子间氢键.     

可再生固态胺纤维PPAM对CO2的吸附性能

目的 以聚丙烯纤维为基体,制备一种对CO2具有良好吸附性能的固态胺纤维PPAM,并探究其吸附性能.方法 通过预辐照接枝制备PPAM,以红外、热重、元素分析及电子显微镜分析等手段表征PPAM的化学与物理结构及其稳定性.从胺化率、吸附温度等方面评价材料对CO2的吸附性能.结果 高胺化率有利于PPAM材料对CO2的吸附.该材料在30℃下能达到最高吸附容量4.72 mmol/g.经过5次循环再生吸附后,吸附容量仍能达到初次吸附量的99％.结论 PPAM具有良好的热稳定性,对CO2具有高吸附容量和优异的循环再生性能,是一种理想的固态胺吸附剂.     

微量有害气体对固态胺再生CO_2反应器性能影响模拟试验研究

目的研究载人密闭舱内空气中微量有害气体对固态胺再生CO_2反应器性能的影响。方法选取舱内6种典型微量有害气体,进行固态胺反应装置的吸附—解吸循环模拟试验,测试反应装置对二氧化碳吸附量的变化,以及对微量有害气体的吸附情况。并对循环试验后的固态胺材料进行红外光谱测试。结果经过30轮循环试验,结果表明固态胺反应器对6种微量有害气体有少量的吸附作用,但这对固态胺反应器吸附二氧化碳的性能基本没有影响,CO_2吸附量保持稳定。红外光谱测试结果也表明固态胺材料的官能团基本没有变化。结论座舱内微量有害气体对固态胺再生CO_2反应器的性能影响较小,正常情况下可以忽略。     

LiOH·H2O水合结晶与CO2的反应动力学

目的 研究LiOH·H2O水合结晶与CO2气体在密闭体系中的反应动力学规律.方法 在反应温度为273～323 K和CO2启动压力为40 kPa～100 kPa下,用Erofeev方程研究LiOH·H2O和CO2反应的动力学过程.结果 随着CO2启动压力的降低,LiOH·H2O和CO2的反应速率缓慢下降.当反应温度低于299 K时,LiOH·H2O的反应速率低且几乎不受反应温度的影响;当反应温度在300～323 K时,LiOH·H2O水合结晶开始脱水,脱出的结晶水和反应生成水因蒸发而脱离固体反应物,温度越高,LiOH·H2O水合结晶脱水速率越高,LiOH·H2O和CO2的反应速率也就越大;当反应温度高于323 K时,表现出无水LiOH晶体的反应动力学特征,可保持较高的反应速率.结论 提高反应温度,LiOH·H2O和CO2的反应速率显著增大,反应动力学过程服从Erofeev模型.     

载人航天器固态胺吸附动力学模型研究

目的研究固态胺吸附过程的动力学模型,为后续载人航天器固态胺系统的设计提供精确的理论分析方法。方法在分析多个动力学模型的基础上,选择分数阶动力学模型作为固态胺吸附模型;设计不同温度下吸附性能实验,利用热重仪,获得固态胺样品的吸附能力,辨识出分数阶吸附动力学参数k、m、n;采用其它吸附模型,并识别其参数,计算模型误差,获得最佳动力学模型。结果 H-S分数阶模型在各个条件下的误差均最低,与仿真曲线结果一致,能正确反映固态胺复杂吸附机理;温度升高,固态胺CO_2吸附性能呈线性显著下降趋势;浓度越高,吸附速率越快,吸附量也越大。结论 H-S分数阶是目前反映固态胺吸附动力学过程的最佳模型,能反映出多个工况下多个吸附阶段综合作用的结果,在固态胺系统仿真与设计时可采用此动力学模型作为理论依据。     

固态胺CO2控制系统试验结果与分析

目的考验固态胺CO2控制系统主要功能和性能指标是否达到设计要求,同时考核系统与舱内环境的匹配性及工作协调性。方法在逼近真实负荷条件下,在模拟试验舱内进行了15d连续试验,测量并定时记录直接反映固态胺CO2控制系统对舱内大气与环境影响及控制的主要因素,通过这些因素的变化评价系统的性能。结果系统解吸的平均功率500W,平均排湿量为46g／h,3名乘员生活的舱内CO2浓度最高不超过0．6％,在所定的温、湿度控制条件下,舱内温度维持在25℃、相对湿度在45％。结论系统的,性能基本达到了设计要求,流程改进方案合理,既实现了废热的合理利用,又满足了密闭舱内环境对系统的温、湿度的限制,系统无故障工作15d,已具有进行长时间工作的品质。     

长期载人航天废物燃烧中NOx和CO2的电化学控制

目的 研究长期载人航天任务中NOx和CO2同步还原生成尿素的潜在技术.方法 研究在不同温度、压力下,含0.02 mol/L KNO3及0.2 mol/L KHCO3电解液中Cu/Zn合金电极上CO2电化学还原的行为.结果 压力为0.7 MPa,电解电位为-1.7 V,常温时产生尿素的法拉第效率最大,为35.7%;温度为273 K,电解电位为-1.4 V,常压时产生尿素的法拉第效率最大,为50.7%.结论 长期载人航天任务时,电化学方法用于控制深空任务中固废焚烧产生的NOx和CO2是有效的.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.