不同血液净化方法对肾衰合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者血清甲状旁腺激素水平的影响

目的探讨不同血液净化方法对慢性肾衰竭（CRF）合并继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）患者血清甲状旁腺激素水平的影响。方法将53例CRF合并SHPT患者随机分为血液透析（HD）组16例,血液透析滤过（HDF）组22例,血液灌流＋血液透析（HP＋HD）组15例,比较治疗前及治疗后6个月血清甲状旁腺激素（PTH）和钙、磷水平的变化。结果治疗后6个月与治疗前比较,HDF组、HP＋HD组PTH水平明显下降（P均〈0.01）,HP＋HD组血磷水平明显下降（P〈0.05）;三组治疗后血钙水平无明显变化。结论HP＋HD与HDF均能够使CRF合并SHPT患者PTH水平下降。     

Bio-intact parathyroid hormone and intact parathyroid hormone in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism receiving intravenous calcitriol therapy

Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) assay has been the most widely used for the diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and evaluation of vitamin D therapy. However, 1-84 PTH assay might be a better diagnostic tool since iPTH detects not only 1-84 PTH but also large C-terminal fragments, which would antagonize PTH action. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a newly developed immunochemiluminometric assay for 1-84 PTH, Bio-Intact PTH (BiPTH). Thirty-five uremic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism participated in the study. Intravenous calcitriol therapy was continued for 12 months. iPTH and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were monitored at each dialysis center to control the dose of calcitriol. Serum and plasma samples were collected from each center and both iPTH and BiPTH were measured using Allegro-Lite assay reagents from Nichols Institute Diagnostics (San Clemente, CA, USA). Intravenous calcitriol suppressed iPTH after 1 month as well as BiPTH. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase decreased after 3 months. A high degree of correlation between Nichols iPTH and BiPTH (y = 0.3913 x + 19.517, r = 0.9561) was demonstrated with a BiPTH/iPTH ratio of approximately 0.44. Significant correlation between BAP and iPTH, or between BAP and BiPTH was not observed. Our limited data failed to demonstrate the superiority of BiPTH to iPTH. Therefore, further investigations would be necessary to examine the relationship between BiPTH and bone histomorphometry.     

老年血液透析患者血脂水平与甲状旁腺激素的相关分析

目的检测老年维持性血液透析患者的血脂水平,并对其相关因素尤其是甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平进行分析讨论。方法对35例行血液透析的老年患者检测总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、PTH。随机选取40例无肾脏病的老年体检对象为对照组。结果血液透析组PTH、TG及LDL-C/HDL-C比值较正常组明显升高(P<0.05),HDL-C明显下降(P<0.05),LDL-C、TC在2组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。血液透析组PTH水平与TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C无明显相关(P>0.05),与LDL-C/HDL-C比值成正相关(P<0.05)。结论脂代谢异常及继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进是老年血液透析患者常见的并发症,高PTH水平可能与脂代谢异常有一定的相关性。     

成年血液透析患者矿物质及骨代谢紊乱调查

目的 调查江苏省昆山市第一人民医院维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者的慢性肾脏病矿物质及骨代谢异常（chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders,CKD-MBD）情况,比较分析老年和非老年患者CKD-MBD的特点,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 调查234例MHD患者的透析龄、透前肌酐、血小板、白蛋白、血色素、血钙、血磷、ALP及iPTH的水平及临床资料,与指南比较分析老年组和非老年组血钙、血磷、ALP及iPTH的特点.结果 我院MHD患者非老年组患病率高于老年组（P＜0.05）;透析龄、干体重、透前肌酐、白蛋白水平等指标两组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;血清钙、磷、iPTH达标率分别为83.76％、19.66％、40.17％.两组比较,老年组血清钙、磷、iPTH、ALP均不同程度的低于非老年组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 老年组MHD患者CKD-MBD指标低于非老年组,提示两组患者CKD-MBD发生机制存在差异,老年患者容易合并低转运骨病（akinesis bone disease,ABD）.     

低钙透析液对血甲状旁腺素及钙磷代谢的影响

目的:研究应用钙离子 1 .25mmol/L透析液进行透析 3个月对患者iPTH及钙磷水平的影响。　方法:维持性血液透析患者 6例,试验前用钙离子 1. 5mmol/L透析液每周透析 3次,每次透析 4h,均使用F6透析器(聚砜膜,面积 1 3m2 )。使用钙离子 1 25mmol/L透析液透析 3.个月,此期患者饮食中钙磷的摄入量稳定,用药不变。使用钙离子 1 25mmol/L透析液之前检测透析前血iPTH,透析前后血钙和血磷浓度。3个月后复查透析前血iPTH,透析前后血钙和血磷浓度,并检测使用钙离子 1. 25mmol/L透析液单次透析前、透析后及下一次透析前的血iPTH和血钙、血磷浓度。　结果:单次透析使用钙离子浓度 1 25mmol/L的透析液透析 4h,透后血钙浓度下降,透后血iPTH[ (219 .2±143. 3)ng/L]较透前[ (157. 5±107 .1)ng/L]明显升高 (P<0. 05),至下次透析前血钙浓度及血iPTH(157. 7±125 .3ng/L)基本恢复至上次透析前水平。使用钙离子 1 25mmol/L透析液透析 3个月后,iPTH水平较未使用时明显上升[ (157. 5±107 .1)ng/Lvs(82. 5±43 .7)ng/L,P<0 .05]。　结论:单次应用钙离子 1 .25mmol/L透析液进行透析, 透后血iPTH升高,但是至下一次透前血iPTH基本恢复至上次透前水平。长期应用 ( 3个月)钙离子 1 25mmol/L透析液进行透析,钙负荷减轻,血iPTH水平升     

61例慢性肾脏病维持透析的HIV/AIDS患者血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素水平调查研究

目的了解广西地区维持性血液透析HIV/AIDS患者矿物质代谢紊乱情况及可能相关影响因素。方法收集2011—2016年在南宁市第四人民医院维持性血液透析3个月及以上合并HIV感染的61例患者作为观察组,根据其治疗情况,分为高效抗反转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)组(51例)及非HAART组(10例),另选取30例非HIV感染维持血液透析大于3个月患者作为对照组。检测患者血钙、血磷及全段甲状旁腺激素(inact parathyroid hormone,i PTH)等矿物质代谢的评估指标,并对相关影响因素进行探讨。结果观察组中,血钙、血磷、i PTH的达标率分别为47.54%(29/61),24.59%(15/61)和21.31%(13/61);与对照组相比,在血钙、血磷、i PTH、HGB及ALB的平均值方面差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);在观察组中,HAART患者血钙、i PTH指标均高于非HAART患者,血磷指标低于非HAART患者(P均0.05)。结论广西地区维持性血液透析HIV/AIDS患者矿物质代谢异常有其独特的临床表现,对于该人群的透析方式、HAART方案、影响因素值得进一步研究。     

Effect of growth hormone releasing hormone on growth hormone secretion in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

Summary Growth hormone levels following an intravenous bolus injection of 1 g/kg body weight growth hormone releasing hormone were measured in 21 non-obese and 26 obese patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and in 13 control subjects. Growth hormone responses in non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients were not statistically different from control subjects. However, obese Type 2 diabetic patients had significantly decreased growth hormone responses to growth hormone releasing hormone when compared with non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients (p<0.02). In 9 Type 2 diabetic patients growth hormone releasing hormone tests were performed both during hyperglycaemia and after metabolic improvement by insulin treatment. Growth hormone responses before and after insulin treatment were not statistically different. Our data demonstrate that (1) growth hormone responses to growth hormone releasing hormone in non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients do not differ significantly from control subjects; (2) obesity blunts growth hormone responses to growth hormone releasing hormone in Type 2 diabetes mellitus; and (3) growth hormone responses following growth hormone releasing hormone administration in Type 2 diabetes mellitus are not influenced by the state of metabolic control.     

常规血液透析和血液透析滤过对骨代谢标记物的影响

目的:分析不同透析方式[常规血液透析(HD)与血液透析滤过(HDF) ]对HD患者骨代谢的影响探讨可能的原因.方法:入选30例维持性血液透析患者,随机分为HD组((n=15)和HDF组(n=15),15例健康体检者作为正常对照组.比较入组时、透析10个月后及单次两组患者透析前后血骨钙素(BGP),β-Ⅰ型胶原C-末端肽(β-CTX),I型前胶原氨基端前肤肽PINP),甲状旁腺素(PTH)的变化,并比较各组间是否存在差别.结果:入组时两组BGP,β-CTX,PINP及PTH水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),10个月后HD组患者透析前BGIβ-CTX,PINP及PTH均高于HDF组(P＜0.05),同时两组均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).透析后HD组患者β-CTX明显下降(P＜0.05),但PTH无明显变化.HDF组患者透析后BGP,β-CTX,PTH均有显著下降,其下降幅度大于HD组.两组患者透析前后PINP均无变化.结论:采用HDF可降低透析患者的骨转运指标,尤其对高PTH患者代谢指标改善效更佳.     

Effect of glycemic control on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease

Aims/Introduction

Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are closely related. A huge number of reports has addressed the effect of periodontal intervention therapy on glycemic control, but no reports have addressed the effect of glycemic intervention therapy on periodontal disease in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of improved glycemic control by glycemic intervention therapy on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods

A total of 35 patients underwent intervention therapy to improve glycemic control without periodontal treatment. Glycohemoglobin (HbA_1c), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and intraoral community periodontal index (CPI) codes of the World health Organization (WHO) were examined at baseline, and 2 and 6 months after the intervention therapy to improve glycemic control.

Results

After the improvement of glycemic control, BOP lesions improved, but deep PPD lesions and WHO CPI codes did not improve. Subanalyses showed that effective glycemic control (average HbA_1c reduction 1.8%) improved BOP lesions, but did not affect deep PPD lesions and WHO CPI codes. In addition, high BOP lesions at baseline responded more effectively to glycemic intervention. Further analysis of CPI codes in all individual periodontal sites independent of WHO CPI codes in 35 patients showed that only gingival inflammation without a deep periodontal pocket improved after glycemic intervention.

Conclusions

Effective glycemic control improves BOP lesions in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis through ameliorating inflammation at the gingival sites of periodontal tissue. This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (no. UMIN000007670).     

血糖控制对2型糖尿病病人骨转换的影响

目的 探讨血糖控制对２型糖尿病（ＤＭ）骨转换的影响。方法 测定４３例２型ＤＭ患者血骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（ＢＡＰ）、尿脱氧吡啶酚（ＤＰＤ）和血尿钙、磷、镁水平,并与正常组比较。结果 ２型ＤＭ患者血ＢＡＰ、尿ＤＰＤ以及钙、磷高于正常对照;治疗后ＢＡＰ、ＤＰＤ降低。ＢＡＰ和ＤＰＤ变化水平与糖化血红蛋白、尿糖和尿钙、磷变化水平正相关。结论 控制血糖能使２型ＤＭ患者骨转换降低。     

肾功能正常冠心病患者及高危人群中甲状旁腺激素与大动脉僵硬度关系的研究

目的探讨肾功能正常冠心病患者及冠心病高危人群血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)与大动脉僵硬度的关系。方法选取2007年8月至12月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院心脏科77例具有冠心病危险因素的住院患者,根据无创中心动脉脉压(CPP)是否大于40mmHg将病例分为大动脉僵硬度增高组(35例)和对照组(42例)。所有患者测定全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、钙、磷、高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)等指标,并行冠状动脉造影。结果(1)与对照组比较,大动脉僵硬度增高组平均年龄大、血尿酸增高;入选患者中44例确诊为冠心病,大动脉僵硬度增高组冠心病患者(23例)血清iPTH较对照组(21例)显著增高(P0.05)。(2)血清iPTH与CPP呈正相关(r=0.262,P=0.022)。(3)多因素Logistic回归分析表明,在调整了年龄、BMI、hsCRP和男性4个因素后,血清iPTH(OR=1.065,95%CI:1.005～1.127,P=0.032)是大动脉僵硬度增高(CPP40mmHg)的独立危险因素。结论大动脉僵硬度增高的肾功能正常冠心病患者血清PTH增高。血清PTH与大动脉僵硬度呈正相关,并且是大动脉僵硬度增高(CPP40mmHg)的独立危险因素。     

Improvement of glycemic control after periodontal treatment by resolving gingival inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease

Aims/Introduction: Chronic inflammation aggravates glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An increase or decrease in the release and activities of various inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and C‐reactive protein (CRP), are presumed to be responsible for inducing insulin resistance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment incorporating topical antibiotics on glycemic control and serum inflammatory mediators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Periodontal inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction were evaluated by bleeding on probing (BOP) and the probing pocket depth (PPD), respectively. A total of 41 patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis received periodontal treatment with the topical application of antibiotics four times within a 2‐month period. A periodontal examination, including PPD and BOP, and venous blood sampling were carried out at baseline and at 2 and 6 months after periodontal treatment. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c), and serum levels of high‐sensitivity (hs)‐CRP, TNF‐α and IL‐6 were analyzed. Results: A generalized linear model showed significant associations between the change in the HbA_1c values at 6 months after periodontal treatment, and the change in the BOP, baseline TNF‐α levels and the baseline mean PPD. Conclusions: As BOP is a marker of total gingival inflammation, these results suggest that non‐surgical periodontal therapy with topical antibiotics in patients with mild periodontitis might improve glycemic control by resolving periodontal inflammation. Such treatments might be insufficient for the amelioration of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients with severe periodontitis. This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (no. UMIN000006693). (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00209.x, 2012)     

不同透析膜对维持性血液透析患者微炎症状态的影响

目的:探讨不同透析膜对维持性血液透析患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法:选取维持性血液透析患者60例,随机分成铜仿膜(CUP)组、血仿膜(HE)组、聚砜膜(F6)组,各20例。另选取尿毒症非透析患者20例作为非透析组,20例健康体检者为正常对照组,监测透析前、后血炎症因子CRP、IL-6、TNF-α的水平。结果:非透析组及透析组透析前患者血CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于正常对照组(P0.01),CUP组透析后CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平较透析前明显上升(P0.05或P0.01),HE组及F6组透析后CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平与透析前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尿毒症患者体内存在微炎症状态,血液透析会进一步加重炎症反应,与透析膜的生物相容性直接有关。     

雌激素对维持性血透妇女患者骨质疏松的影响

探讨雌激素水平在维持性血透(MHD)妇女骨质疏松发生中的作用.选择年龄18～45岁的妇女120例,其中MHD(≥3个月)妇女60例为对照组,MHD(≥3个月)且罹患骨质疏松60例妇女为观察组.两组研究对象均检测血浆雌二醇、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)及血钙水平,同时用定量CT法(QCT)测定骨密度.观察组雌二醇水平低于对照组(P<0.05),TNF-α水平观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),PTH和血钙水平两组间无显著差异(P=0.567和P=0.588);直线相关分析示,观察组雌二醇与骨密度呈正相关(r=0.865,P<0.01);观察组经多元线性回归分析示,雌二醇、血钙浓度与骨密度值呈正相关、TNF-α、PTH与骨密度呈负相关(F=140.32,P<0.01),且雌二醇对骨密度的影响较大(t=5.386,P<0.01).血浆低雌激素水平是MHD妇女骨质疏松发生的一个主要因素,且可以通过调节TNF-α水平而促进骨质疏松的发生.     

Low magnesium level as an indicator of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with complications

AimAlteration in the metabolism of magnesium have an influence on different metabolic and signaling pathways involved in development of diabetes and its progression. Reduced magnesium level was associated with diabetes related complications. The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of magnesium in diabetic patients having different complications and the association of magnesium with status of glycemic control.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted among 88 type 2 diabetic patients, subdivided into two groups according to diabetic complications (with complications n = 55; without complications n = 33) and biochemical variables were measured.ResultsThe serum magnesium level was decreased in diabetic patients having any complications (P = 0.039) or independent complication (nephropathy, P = 0.437; retinopathy, P = 0.038; neuropathy, P = 0.012 and macrovascular complication, P = 0.039), also decrease with increase in number of diabetic complications. Serum magnesium showed an inverse relation with glycemic parameters (HbA1c (r = −0.323; P = 0.002) and fasting blood glucose (r = - 0.321; P = 0.002)).ConclusionThe low levels of magnesium in diabetic complications, indicates the poor glycemic control in diabetic patients. Hence, maintaining the sufficient level of magnesium can control glycemia, thereby prevent the development of diabetic complications.     

聚合物可降解支架对维持性血液透析合并急性冠状动脉综合征患者的疗效

目的探讨聚合物可降解药物洗脱支架(DES)治疗维持性血液透析(MHD)合并急性冠状动脉综合征患者的疗效。方法入选2008年1月至2013年7月沈阳军区总医院血液透析科100例MHD合并急性冠状动脉综合征的患者进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),将患者随机分为两组,置入EXCEL支架(聚合物可降解DES)组50例,置入FIREBIRD支架(普通DES)组50例。其中男61例,女39例,年龄43~74(58.4±9.2)岁。常规行PCI,术后EXCEL组患者服用阿司匹林(100 mg,每日一次)和氯吡格雷(75 mg,每日一次)双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)6个月,随后长期服用阿司匹林(100 mg,每日一次);FIREBIRD组患者应用阿司匹林(100 mg,每日一次)和氯吡格雷(75 mg,每日一次)12个月,随后长期服用阿司匹林(100 mg,每日一次)。观察术后12个月患者主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)和出血事件的发生情况。结果两组患者入院时临床及造影基线资料差异无统计学意义(P0.05),住院期间未发生MACCE。术后12个月内两组患者MACCE发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),未发生支架血栓。术后12个月内EXCEL组主要出血1例,为消化道溃疡所致;FIREBIRD组主要出血2例,均为脑出血。FIREBIRD组总出血事件显著高于EXCEL组(P0.05)。结论聚合物可降解DES治疗MHD合并ACS患者有效,应用6个月的DAPT是安全的。     

左旋卡尼汀在维持性血液透析患者中的应用

目的探讨静脉补充左旋卡尼汀对慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析患者肉碱缺乏症的治疗效果并评价其药物不良反应。方法将78例维持性血液透析患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组患者在血液透析结束后接受左旋卡尼汀1.0 g,静脉注射,每周2~3次,疗程12周。对照组注射生理盐水。结果静脉注射左旋卡尼汀可显著提高维持性血液透析肉碱缺乏患者的血浆游离肉碱水平(P<0.01);治疗组患者精神状态、食欲、透析中肌痉挛和低血压等症状的改善率明显高于对照组(P<0.01);与对照组比较,疗程结束后治疗组患者血红蛋白、血浆总蛋白、白蛋白和转铁蛋白升高更为显著(P<0.05)。结论维持性血液透析患者静脉补充左旋卡尼汀可明显改善患者的营养不良状况,纠正贫血,降低透析中肌痉挛和低血压的发生率;不良反应轻微,安全可靠。     

维持性血液透析患者透析相关性低血压的防治

目的 分析透析相关性低血压发生的病因,探讨针对主要病因进行个体化透析治疗在降低低血压发生率中的重要性.方法 对血液透析过程中发生低血压的21例患者进行自身前后对照分析,前1个月收集低血压患者的病因资料,第2个月为调整分析期,运用柏拉图分析法结合鱼骨图解析,找出低血压主要病因,针对主要病因进行宣教及调整治疗方案;第3个月再次统计低血压发生率及具体病因,比较干预治疗前后低血压发生率及病因的变化.结果 低血压主要病因是脱水量/干体重＞5％、糖尿病、透析过程中进餐、透析前不合理服用降压药物等,21例患者干预前后2个月共行血液透析534例次,干预后低血压发生率明显下降,干预前后低血压发生率分别为7.7％ (39/260)和3.3％(9/274),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).透析相关性低血压多出现在透析后3小时.结论 对不同患者寻找低血压病因,针对主要病因进行重点宣教及个体化透析,可明显降低血液透析过程中低血压的发生率.