物理疗法在国外的临床应用

物理疗法在各种临床疾病的治疗和很多疾病的康复中发挥了巨大的作用，尽管目前物理疗法处于发展比较缓慢时期，但国外依然有一些新的物理疗法问世，另外，有关一些物理因子的生物效应的研究和一些物理疗法应用技术等方面都有一些进展，作在回顾近几年来部分国外理疗、康复医学献的基础上，分别对电疗法（直流电、低频电刺激、中频电疗法、高频电疗法）、光疗法、磁疗法、超声波疗法、冷疗法的国外临床应用进展作以介绍。     

现代康复中超短波疗法的应用与问题

超短波（ｕｌｔｒａｓｈｏｒｔｗａｖｅＵＳＷ电疗法是在医学领域应用较早的物理疗法，它对生物有很多特殊作用１。多年来，国内各级医院普遍开展此项疗法，并将此方法应用于现代康复中现就其应用与问题简述如下。１广泛应用的现状ＵＳＷ作用于人体后对各个系统和器官都可产生影响，它的适用范围甚广，用于多种疾病治疗，国内提出最多者３１２种，国外提出４４种２。在高频电疗法中，ＵＳＷ的应用最为广泛。由于它在国内生产年代较早，故早已普及于各级医疗单位。近年来，ＵＳＷ作为ＰＴ技术的一种，又广泛应用于多种疾病的康复中。如对突发…     

物理疗法治疗急性腰扭伤52例疗效观察

目的：观察物理疗法治疗急性腰扭伤效果。方法：83例急性腰扭伤患者随机分两组：治疗组52例。选用调制中频电疗法和超短波电疗法治疗。对照组31例，以按摩手法治疗。结果：物理疗法治疗对腰痛、腰部活动受限的改善均优于对照组，两者差异有显著性，（P〈0．01）。结论：物理疗法治疗急性腰扭伤效果好、见效快。     

电疗法对周围神经损伤修复的研究进展

近年来,周围神经损伤的修复和再生有了若干进展。本文分别从低频电疗法与直流电疗法、中频电疗法、高频电疗法（超短波、分米波与毫米波）等角度探讨国内外学者在电疗法对周围神经损伤修复方面的研究及进展。 由于周围神经对不同程度的损伤有不同的病理过程和不同的再生方式,因此,周围神经损伤后,电疗法的选择应按照神经恢复的不同阶段要求来调整治疗方法。但其作用机制仍有待进一步深入研究。     

肾移植与物理治疗

背景:选择正确的方案防治肾移植并发症有助于提高移植肾的近远期存活效果.目的:探讨肾移植术后并发症的物理治疗效果.方法:由作者应用计算机检索维普数据库中肾移植与物理疗法有关文献,检索时限为1998-01/2010-10.检索关键词:肾移植;并发症;物理治疗.纳入标准:①选取针对性强,相关度高的文献.②排除一些重复性研究或较陈旧文献.对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文.检索文献30篇,其中18篇文献符合标准.结果与结论:同种异体肾移植后大剂量免疫抑制剂的应用,降低了机体抵抗力,增加了各种疾病的感染因素.在药物综合治疗的基础上,采用传统的针灸疗法、紫外线照射、低能量氦-氖激光照射、高频电疗法等多种局部的物理疗法可控制感染、促进创面愈合、缩短病程、减少后遗症.     

肾移植与物理治疗

背景：选择正确的方案防治肾移植并发症有助于提高移植肾的近远期存活效果。目的：探讨肾移植术后并发症的物理治疗效果。方法：由作者应用计算机检索维普数据库中肾移植与物理疗法有关文献,检索时限为1998-01/2010-10。检索关键词：肾移植;并发症;物理治疗。纳入标准：①选取针对性强,相关度高的文献。②排除一些重复性研究或较陈旧文献。对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文。检索文献30篇,其中18篇文献符合标准。结果与结论：同种异体肾移植后大剂量免疫抑制剂的应用,降低了机体抵抗力,增加了各种疾病的感染因素。在药物综合治疗的基础上,采用传统的针灸疗法、紫外线照射、低能量氦-氖激光照射、高频电疗法等多种局部的物理疗法可控制感染、促进创面愈合、缩短病程、减少后遗症。     

关于使用超低频交流电疗法的建议

超低频交流电离子导入法简称超低频电疗法,是物理疗法分类命名中首次提出的,因此可以称是一种新疗法,但它与一般概念的新疗法又有所不同,它是在直流电离子导入疗法的基础上发展而成的,直流电离子导入疗法临床应用已有百年历史,积累了极为丰富的经验和比较完整的理论基础,其中绝大部分可为低频电疗法吸收利用。近几十年来国内外许多理疗学者在用低频电（指交流型）进行药物导入问题上进行了大量探索,但由于未能突破传统低频电频率的限制而未能推广。超低频电疗法的“新”在于它突破了传统低频电的频率界限,采用了介乎传统低频电与直…     

规范疗法名称提高学科水平

近年来，我国物理医学与康复学科发展迅速，传统疗法的应用获得新经验，新技术的应用取得进展，反映在我们的期刊上，来稿中多数有较好的新颖性、科学性和实用性。但是，在前进中不可避免地会存在一些问题，我们必须找出问题，加以克服，以推动前进，提高学科水平。本文仅就有关物理因子治疗的少数稿件在科学性和规范化方面所存在的关于物理疗法分类和名称、     

介绍一种电疗与温热疗法结合的装置

直流电疗法、低频电疗法及中频电疗法均为常用物理疗法。但在应用过程中，尤其是在寒冷季节患者往往因接触皮肤的湿衬垫迅速降温而感不适。为此，我们设计了一种电疗与温热疗法相结合的装置取得较满意效果，现介绍如下。1 基本构造材料：变压器、场效应带、保险管、开关、聚乙烯薄膜等，见图1。220V交流电经变压后输出电压分别为36V、27V和21V，场效应带的电阻值为25。另外将电疗机的电极板采用柔软的铜丝网替代铅板，外包以2 ～6层绒布套。2 使用方法使用时，将温热的湿绒布衬垫电极置于治疗部位，将套有聚乙烯薄膜的效应带分别覆盖于…     

安德森中频电流疗法的临床应用

安德森 (Ａｎｄｏｓｏｎ)电流疗法是国外近年来新开展的一种中频电疗法 ,我们应用该疗法治疗腰肌劳损、腰间盘突出症、退行性骨关节病、肩周炎等疾病共 2 32例 ,收到满意效果。资料和方法　　 2 32例患者中 ,男 137例 ,女 95例 ;年龄 18～80岁 ;腰肌劳损 5 4例 ,腰间盘突出症 18例 ,退行性骨关节病 4 4例 ,肩周炎 68例 ,急慢性扭挫伤 2 7例 ,良性关节炎 8例 ,坐骨神经痛 13例。采用我科根据国外报道研制的ＡＤＳ - 1型安德森电流治疗机 ,该机由双路ＬＣ正弦波振荡器 ,双路电压和功率放大器 ,双路电流指示电路和直流稳压电路等组成 ,该机输出…     

Prostate cancer gene therapy

With the advance in genetic engineering, tumor biology and immunology, gene therapy has been recognized as a promising new treatment option for cancer including prostate cancer. Several clinical trials of prostate cancer gene therapy are currently underway, using therapeutic genes which include suicide genes, immunomodulatory genes, tumor suppressor genes and anti-oncogenes. Although the gene therapy for prostate cancer as a clinical alternative is still early stage which requires several technological breakthrough, some information obtained from clinical trial indicates full potential of prostate cancer gene therapy. Concordant progress both in the basic research and gene therapy technology will make prostate cancer gene therapy ready for wide scale of practice in the future. In this report, general concept and current progress in prostate cancer gene therapy are summarized.     

Prostate cancer gene therapy

With the advance in genetic engineering, tumor biology and immunology, gene therapy has been recognized as a promising new treatment option for cancer including prostate cancer. Several clinical trials of prostate cancer gene therapy are currently underway, using therapeutic genes which include suicide genes, immunomodulatory genes, tumor suppressor genes and anti-oncogenes. Although the gene therapy for prostate cancer as a clinical alternative is still early stage which requires several technological breakthrough, some information obtained from clinical trial indicates full potential of prostate cancer gene therapy. Concordant progress both in the basic research and gene therapy technology will make prostate cancer gene therapy ready for wide-scale of practice in the future. In this report, general concept and current progress in prostate cancer gene therapy are summarized.     

Recent progress and prospective view of chronic hepatitis C research

Hepatitis C is a major public health problem because of the high incidence of its related hepatocellular carcinoma. With the progress in molecular biology, the mechanisms of persistent infection, chronic inflammation, and hepatocarcinogenesis have been described in terms of virus, host, and virus-cell interactions. On the other hand, clinically, some recent studies using a large number of subjects with long-term observation after interferon therapy showed that improving hepatic inflammation might be associated with regression or retardation of fibrosis. However, current therapy for hepatitis C, although effective in some patients, is problematic even though the efficacy of combination therapy, interferon plus ribavirin, or PEG-interferon has been reported. Here we review the progress and discuss the prospective view of hepatitis C virus research from a point of view of both basic and clinical aspects.     

皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤局部用药和物理治疗的研究进展

皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(cutaneous T cell lymphoma，CTCL)大多属于惰性淋巴瘤，病情进展缓慢，患者确诊时多处于疾病早期。局部用药和物理治疗在CTCL治疗中占重要地位，包括局部外用皮质类固醇激素、免疫抑制剂、维A酸，放疗及光疗等。近年来，有研究对CTCL传统局部用药和物理治疗方法的有效性和安全性进行了重新评估。同时，新型CTCL局部用药和物理治疗策略也不断涌现，如局部外用他扎罗汀、瑞喹莫特，紫外线A联合新型光敏剂的光化学疗法和光动力治疗等。本文对CTCL局部用药和物理治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

循证物理治疗的推动者：物理治疗证据数据库PEDro

物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)是一个免费、基于web的数据库，主要纳入物理治疗相关的随机对照试验报告、系统综述和基于证据的临床实践指南。PEDro每年被全球用户检索数百万次。PEDro的应用推广对中国循证物理治疗发展十分重要。     

Mechanisms and consequences of phagocyte adhesion to endothelium.

Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium is essential for the development of an appropriate immune-inflammatory response. The vital importance of leukocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions in host defense and homeostasis is illustrated by the clinical manifestations of patients with congenital defects of leukocyte adhesion functions. However, under some circumstances leukocyte adhesion to endothelium may instead lead to vascular and tissue damage. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the understanding of the molecular basis of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, and this knowledge has led to a new approach to immunomodulation in human disease, ie 'antiadhesion' therapy. This review focuses on cell adhesion molecules mediating adhesion of circulating phagocytes to vascular endothelium, on congenital defects of phagocyte adhesion in man, and on the current status of antiadhesion therapy directed towards phagocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules. We will also consider markers of phagocyte activation, which may provide a means to identify those patients who would benefit most from antiadhesion therapy.     

Dendritic cell-based cancer therapy

Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy has been shown to be safe and feasible. In clinical pilot studies, DCs primed with tumor antigens have successfully been used to induce tumor-specific immunity and obtain some clinical responses in cancer patients. Even though many advances have been achieved over the past years, we are still far from a unifying therapy concept. This review will discuss the current research driving the rapidly growing field of DC-based cancer immunotherapy and highlight some recent progress related to critical issues such as DC preparation, choice and loading of antigen, and the route of administration.     

靶向生长抑素受体的神经内分泌肿瘤核素诊断与治疗

神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine neoplasm, NEN)是以神经内分泌分化为主要特征的一组不同类型的肿瘤。多数NEN细胞表面有生长抑素受体(somatostatin receptor, SSTR)高表达, 为核医学分子影像诊断及多肽-受体介导的放射性核素治疗(peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, PRRT)提供了重要靶点。这一方向近年来已成为国内外的研究热点, 且临床转化和应用进展迅速, 不断出现新的突破。本文系统介绍靶向SSTR的核医学分子影像和PRRT治疗的现状与进展, 以及在NEN诊疗中的主要优势和重要价值, 为相关专业临床诊疗决策提供参考。     

Advances in the treatment of tuberculosis

The current 6-month tuberculosis (TB) therapy is suboptimal with significant side effects and a poor patient compliance problem that frequently selects drug-resistant organisms. The increasing drug-resistant TB problem highlights the need to develop new and more effective drugs. Significant progress has been made recently with several new drug candidates currently in clinical trials. Improved understanding of persister biology and development of persister drugs are likely to be important for developing a more effective therapy.     

Breakthroughs in cancer gene therapy

OBJECTIVES: To give oncology nurses an overview on the vectors and selected approaches used in the current clinical trials involving gene transfer to cancer patients. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed scientific papers, review articles, and book chapters. CONCLUSION: Significant progress has been made in the field of cancer gene therapy. Different phases of clinical protocols derived from new generations of vectors and novel approaches are being tested for use in the treatment of patients with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nurses need to be familiar with current advances in the field of cancer gene therapy to expand their role as health care professional, patient educator, and advocate for the treatment of patients with cancer.