机器人辅助与传统单孔腹腔镜手术在妇科领域的应用

随着腔镜技术不断发展和妇科医生腔镜手术技能的不断提高,妇科手术越来越微创化,使得以前必须开腹的手术而现在腹腔镜下就能达到同样的治疗效果,甚至由于腹腔镜的优势,该手术效果会更好.随着腹腔镜技术不断发展,腹腔镜手术变得越来越微创化,由传统的腹腔镜逐步发展到单孔腹腔镜(Laparoendoscopic single-site,LESS),再发展到经自然腔道腹腔镜手术(Natural orifice transumbilical endoscopic surgery,NOTES).妇科常用的手术是经阴道自然腔道腹腔镜手术(Transvaginal natural orifice transumbilical endoscopic surgery,vNOTES),医疗技术的每一次进步总是建立在良好的手术效果之上,需要妇科医生更高的手术技能.近年来,机器人技术已广泛应用于妇科腹腔镜手术,其优点包括:高清3D手术视野,机械臂及手腕更加灵活、稳定、精准,操作更舒适,可以进行远程手术.本文对妇科传统单孔腹腔镜手术(Laparoendoscopic single-site,LESS)和机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术(Robot-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site,R-LESS)的研究进行综述,从而为妇科医生在临床工作中选择合适的手术方式提供参考.     

国产手术机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的初步应用

目的:探讨国产“图迈”手术机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科手术中的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾性分析2022年2月—2022年5月在南京医科大学附属克州人民医院泌尿外科行机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术的6例患者的临床资料,观察患者的性别、年龄、既往手术史、术前诊断、手术方式、合并症、手术时间、术中出血量以及术后住院时间等指标。结果:所有手术均顺利完成,其中2例精索静脉曲张高位结扎术,1例肾盂输尿管切开取石术,1例肾囊肿去顶减压术,1例膀胱切开取石术,1例肾部分切除术。所有患者平均手术时间为(93.33±33.12)min,术中出血量为(42.50±30.65)ml,术后住院时间为(3.33±1.49)d。术后1个月随访,所有患者伤口愈合良好。结论:“图迈”手术机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的应用是安全、有效的,但仍需更大样本量的临床研究加以验证。     

国产手术机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的初步应用

目的：探讨国产“图迈”手术机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科手术中的安全性及可行性。方法：回顾性分析2022年2月—2022年5月在南京医科大学附属克州人民医院泌尿外科行机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术的6例患者的临床资料,观察患者的性别、年龄、既往手术史、术前诊断、手术方式、合并症、手术时间、术中出血量以及术后住院时间等指标。结果：所有手术均顺利完成,其中2例精索静脉曲张高位结扎术,1例肾盂输尿管切开取石术,1例肾囊肿去顶减压术,1例膀胱切开取石术,1例肾部分切除术。所有患者平均手术时间为（93.33±33.12）min,术中出血量为（42.50±30.65）ml,术后住院时间为（3.33±1.49）d。术后1个月随访,所有患者伤口愈合良好。结论：“图迈”手术机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的应用是安全、有效的,但仍需更大样本量的临床研究加以验证。     

机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的发展与展望

近年来,单孔腹腔镜技术一直是外科领域迫切需要但难以攻克的微创难点技术之一。机器人手术系统作为现阶段微创外科领域最先进的技术已广泛应用于临床,与此同时机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术也发生了巨大的飞跃。目前,机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术在临床的应用还处于快速成长阶段,其中也存在诸多的挑战。本文通过对国内外相关文献进行综合分析,介绍了机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科领域的发展现状,并进一步展望机器人辅助单孔手术在泌尿外科的发展前景。     

机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜治疗输尿管中下段狭窄的初步体会

目的：探讨机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜治疗输尿管中下段狭窄的可行性和有效性。方法：回顾性分析2020年11月—2021年9月收治8例输尿管中下段狭窄患者的临床资料,其中4例为结石手术后引起的继发性输尿管狭窄,2例为盆腔手术后引起的继发性输尿管狭窄,1例为输尿管多发息肉引起的继发性输尿管狭窄,1例为先天性巨输尿管症。左侧6例,右侧2例,中段4例,下段4例。2例患者术前行肾穿刺造瘘术。输尿管狭窄平均长度为（2.31±0.65）cm。8例患者中4例行机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜下输尿管狭窄段切除并端端吻合术,4例行机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术,均为经脐单孔入路。结果：8例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放,手术时间为（98.13±18.41）min,术中出血量为（29.38±9.04）ml,平均住院天数为（5.75±1.28）d。围手术期无明显并发症发生,术后平均随访6个月,患者肾积水均较术前明显减轻,患肾功能明显好转。结论：机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术治疗输尿管中下段狭窄安全、有效。     

机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜治疗输尿管中下段狭窄的初步体会

目的:探讨机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜治疗输尿管中下段狭窄的可行性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2020年11月—2021年9月收治8例输尿管中下段狭窄患者的临床资料,其中4例为结石手术后引起的继发性输尿管狭窄,2例为盆腔手术后引起的继发性输尿管狭窄,1例为输尿管多发息肉引起的继发性输尿管狭窄,1例为先天性巨输尿管症。左侧6例,右侧2例,中段4例,下段4例。2例患者术前行肾穿刺造瘘术。输尿管狭窄平均长度为(2.31±0.65)cm。8例患者中4例行机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜下输尿管狭窄段切除并端端吻合术,4例行机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术,均为经脐单孔入路。结果:8例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放,手术时间为(98.13±18.41)min,术中出血量为(29.38±9.04)ml,平均住院天数为(5.75±1.28)d。围手术期无明显并发症发生,术后平均随访6个月,患者肾积水均较术前明显减轻,患肾功能明显好转。结论:机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术治疗输尿管中下段狭窄安全、有效。     

胃癌的腹腔镜手术

近年来,随着腹腔镜技术的不断发展完善以及外科医生对微创理念的认识加深,腹腔镜技术在胃癌治疗中的应用越来越广泛.我们根据自身累积的经验和认识,就腹腔镜在胃癌治疗中的应用现状及进展作简要的论述.     

机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科中的应用

目的:探究机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科手术中的应用进展.方法:检索1985～2020年科学引文索引扩展数据库Web of Science中所有关于泌尿外科与机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术的文献.运用文献计量方法与工具对检索结果行统计学分析,明确机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科手术中的应用现状与进展.?结果:本研究共纳入119篇文献,泌尿外科领域内年平均发文量为7.24篇,每篇平均被引频次为28.43次.Kaouk J H发文量最多(29篇),H指数20,为领域内核心作者;European Urology,Urology,BJU International为领域内核心期刊;美国在泌尿外科与机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术领域处于国际领先水平,与国际合作密切.结论:医学科学研究的发展与技术革新密切系相关,有关机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术的长期随访数据或更大范围的随机前瞻性研究有待补充,但伴随技术的不断革新势必将继续推动泌尿外科手术向更微创、更精细的方向发展.     

机器人单孔腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科的发展现状及展望

随着微创观念在外科手术中的进一步深入,医生和患者都期待无瘢痕手术的实现。如今,机器人单孔腹腔镜(Robotic laparoendoscopic single-site,R-LESS)手术无疑是最接近此目标的方法之一,其不仅具有单孔腹腔镜手术微创、美观、少痛、恢复快等优点,同时具有机器人独有的3D手术视野、术者震颤消除等优点。单孔腹腔镜和机器人手术系统结合而生的R-LESS使得微创手术向前迈进了一大步。本综述以R-LESS的发展历史为切入点,总结国内外发展现状,分析其优势与不足,并对未来进行展望,旨在促进R-LESS在泌尿外科领域的发展。     

Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site (LESS) cosmesis: Patients perception of body image distortion after LESS surgery

BackgroundRelative to conventional laparoscopy, Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site (LESS) surgery has been associated with improved cosmesis. This study investigated preoperative and postoperative patient perceptions of LESS surgery and what factors may affect those perceptions.MethodsPatients undergoing LESS Surgery were queried before and after their operations. Body image and other factors were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively in 881unselected patients undergoing LESS surgery utilizing Likert scale questionnaires. Responses were collated and analyzed. Data are reported as median (mean ± SD), where appropriate.Results881 patients studied had a median age of 59 (57 ± 15.3) years and had a median Body Mass Index of 27 (28 ± 6.2) kg/m². 65% were women. 343 (39%) had undergone a previous abdominal operation(s). Prior to LESS surgery, patients reported neutral body image scores and rated their overall appearance satisfaction as 40% (37% ± 30.7) on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). 68% were unwilling to undergo LESS surgery if it involved more risk relative to traditional laparoscopy as safety was their number one concern. Postoperatively, patients reported a significant improvement in body image perception and safety was no longer their foremost concern.ConclusionPreoperatively, patients are most concerned with safety (e.g. risk) with secondary concerns of cost and pain but they were less concerned with their appearance. Postoperatively, safety is much, much less of an issue (because it has been achieved) and appearance is more paramount with significant improvements in their self-assessed appearance. With LESS surgery patients indicate a high level of satisfaction with cosmesis.     

Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site (LESS) versus Standard Laparoscopic Left Donor Nephrectomy: Matched-pair Comparison

Background

Laparo-Endoscopic Single Site (LESS) surgery is a recent development in minimally invasive surgery. Presented herein is the initial comparison of LESS donor nephrectomy (LESS-DN) and standard laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN).

Objective

To determine whether LESS-DN provides any measurable benefit over LLDN during the perioperative period and subsequent convalescence.

Design, setting, and participants

Between November 2007 and November 2008, 18 consecutive patients underwent LESS-DN (17 left DN, 1 right DN). A contemporary matched-pair cohort of 17 patients undergoing standard LLDN was selected for retrospective comparison.

Interventions

LESS-DN was performed through an intraumbilical novel multichannel port. The kidney was extracted through a slightly extended umbilical incision.

Measurements

All data were prospectively accrued in an institutional review board–approved database. Convalescence data included visual analog pain scores and questionnaires containing patient-reported time to recovery end points.

Results and limitations

One right-sided donor was converted to standard laparoscopy and excluded from analysis. Baseline demographics, operating time, blood loss, and hospital stay were comparable between groups. Compared to LLDN, patients undergoing LESS-DN had similar in-hospital analgesic requirements and mean visual analog scores at discharge. After discharge, patient-reported convalescence was faster in the LESS-DN group, including days on oral pain medication (20 vs 6; p = 0.01), days off work (46 vs 18; p = 0.0009), and days to 100% physical recovery (83 vs 29; p = 0.03). Mean warm ischemia time was longer in the LESS-DN group (3 vs 6.1 min; p < 0.0001); however, allograft function was immediate and comparable between groups. One allograft in the LESS-DN group thrombosed postoperatively. Regardless of laparoscopic approach, patients’ global satisfaction with kidney donation and willingness to recommend their procedure to others were favorable and equivalent between groups.

Conclusions

This retrospective matched-pair comparison between LESS-DN and LLDN suggests that the single-port approach may be associated with quicker convalescence. In this initial series, LESS-DN had longer ischemia time, yet early allograft outcomes were comparable.     

腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科手术中的应用(附28例报告)

目的探讨泌尿外科腹腔镜手术的技术和方法，评价腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科手术中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析了28例采用腹腔镜技术诊治的泌尿外科疾病患的临床资料。行肾囊肿去除减压术16例，精索静脉高位结扎术8例，隐睾症定位术4例。结果28例手术成功26例。平均住院4d，术中均未输血，术中术后未出现严重并发症。结论通过腹腔镜能顺利进行多种泌尿外科手术，具有损伤小、痛苦轻、术后恢复快和住院时间短等优点，有良好的临床应用前景。     

Upper Tract Urological Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery (LESS)

Background and Objectives:

Our objective is to report intermediate-term outcomes for patients who have undergone upper tract urologic laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) at a single institution.

Methods:

From January 1, 2008, through November 30, 2012, 107 cases treated with LESS were identified, including pyeloplasty (n = 30), ureterolithotomy (n = 32), nephrectomy (n = 35; simple = 31, partial = 4), and cyst decortication (n = 10). Perioperative data were reviewed, and conversion and complication rates were noted.

Results:

The median follow-up was 21.5 months for pyeloplasty, 20.5 for ureterolithotomy, 28.0 for simple nephrectomy, 14.0 for partial nephrectomy, and 19.0 for cyst decortication. Major complications were encountered in 8 patients, including 3 intraoperative complications (2 bowel injury with serosal tearing and 1 intraoperative bleeding), which were recognized and repaired with LESS or conversion to conventional laparoscopy (CL). During the intermediate postoperative period (30–90 days) major complications occurred in 5 patients: 4 ureteral strictures (Clavien-Dindo grade [CG] IIIb) and 1 urinoma formation (CG IIIa). During the early postoperative period (<30 days), the most common minor complications were flank pain (CG I) in 16 patients and urinary tract infection (CG II) in 11, followed by urinary leakage (CG I) in 8.

Conclusions:

Intermediate-term functional outcomes of this single-center study confirm that upper tract LESS is a challenging procedure that can be safe and effective when performed by an experienced team. Prospective studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to investigate the safety of LESS in the treatment of various upper urinary tract conditions.     

Laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) splenectomy with a conventional laparoscope and instruments

Background and Objectives:

We present 2 cases of laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) splenectomy performed with a conventional laparoscope and instruments, and the use of a novel internal retraction device.

Methods:

One patient underwent LESS splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), and a pediatric patient with sickle cell disease underwent LESS splenectomy and cholecystectomy. In each case, a 2-cm vertical incision was made within the confines of the umbilical ring, and a SILS port (Covidien, Norwalk CT) inserted. A 5-mm, 30-degree laparoscope and standard 5-mm instruments were used. After isolation of the splenic hilum, one 5-mm trocar of the SILS port was upsized to 12mm, and a laparoscopic stapler was used to divide the splenic artery and vein. An internal retractor consisting of a laparoscopic bulldog clamp with a hook attachment was used to retract the gallbladder, and to secure the specimen retrieval bag during splenic extraction, which eliminated the need for a fourth trocar.

Results:

Total operative time was 160 minutes for the LESS splenectomy, and 216 minutes for the LESS splenectomy and cholecystectomy. Both procedures were successfully completed with conventional instrumentation and a SILS port, without the need for additional incisions or trocars. No complications occurred, and both patients had an uneventful recovery.

Conclusions:

LESS splenectomy is a feasible procedure that can be performed safely. Although articulating instruments and laparoscopes may offer advantages, they are not necessary for performing LESS splenectomy.     

腹腔镜下腹壁无切口直肠癌切除术

目的 探讨无切口腹腔镜下直肠癌切除术的临床应用价值.方法 对37例直肠癌患者行无切口腹腔镜下直肠癌切除术行回顾分析总结.结果 37例手术均成功,平均手术时间120 min,平均术中出血70 ml,术后平均胃肠蠕动恢复时间为38 h,平均住院时间为7d,无明显并发症.结论 无切口腹腔镜下直肠癌切除术安全可行,无腹部切口手术损伤小、恢复快,值得推广应用.     

Laparoscopic surgery in the pediatric patient post Fontan procedure

We present two case reports describing laparoscopic surgery in patients who have undergone previous Fontan surgery and discuss the theoretical implications of laparoscopic surgery in these patients. A brief discussion of the late complications of Fontan surgery is included.     

Laparoscopic surgery to treat ureterosciatic herniation after ureteral stent failure

We report on a patient who presented with left flank pain for 6 months. Computed tomography and intravenous urography revealed left ureterosciatic herniation with severe hydronephrosis. Antegrade placement of the ureteral double-J stent was performed and her symptoms subsequently subsided. These symptoms recurred after the removal of the stent 1 year later with persistent hydronephrosis and herniation. We performed laparoscopic ureterolysis, ureteral fixation to psoas muscle, and sciatic hernia repair with hyaluronan-containing mesh. The result was encouraging and the follow-up image at 6 months showed no hydronephrosis and no ureteral herniation.     

Comparison of Gas-less laparoscopy-assisted surgery, hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery and pure laparoscopic surgery for radical nephrectomy

BACKGROUND: We report our experience with Gas-less laparoscopy-assisted surgery (Gas-less LAS), hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) and pure laparoscopic surgery (LS) for renal carcinoma and compare the characteristics and usefulness of these methods. METHODS: Seventeen, 14 and 16 patients were subjected to Gas-less LAS, HALS and LS, respectively. The study started with Gas-less LAS and then gradually shifted to HALS and LS. We evaluated the operative and postoperative parameters for each group. The learning curve effect was evaluated based on data from the first 10 cases of each group, which were operated on by the same surgeon and operation team. RESULTS: The learning curve of operation times in the LS group demonstrated that the operation time for this procedure is acceptable even in early-stage cases. Differences in mean operative time between the three surgical groups, excluding the conversion cases, were not statistically significant; however, there was a significant difference in blood loss volume between the groups (P 相似文献