L-精氨酸对接振家兔外周血管功能保护作用的研究

目的探讨L-精氨酸对后肢接振家兔外周血管功能的保护作用及意义.方法将家兔随机分为单纯接振组(A组),L-精氨酸组(B组)和对照组(C组),并进行接振试验.从试验第11天起,每隔2d给予B组L-精氨酸20mg/kg,分别测定各组血浆一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)浓度进行测定分析.结果试验前及试验后第10天、20天、30天,A组NO浓度分别为(172.400±12.350)μmol/L、(167.915±7.879)μmol/L、(150.088±7.453)μmol/L、(132.313±8.747)μmol/L,ET浓度分别为(43.575±8.166)μg/L、(46.213±5.448)μg/L、(53.788±6.037)μg/L、(66.613±9.485)μg/L;B组浓度分别为(172.850±13.323)μmol/L、(167.788±10.531)μmol/L、(164.125±8.380)μmol/L、(161.813±7.639)μmol/L,ET浓度分别为(43.513±4.901)μg/L、(47.175±7.481)μg/L、(47.025±5.026)μg/L、(47.600±4.883)μg/L.随接振时间延长,A组NO浓度有明显降低、ET浓度有明显升高趋势(P<0.01);B组也有类似变化,但变化幅度较小. 结论 L-精氨酸可通过影响接振家兔血管内皮活性物质而保护外周血管功能.     

手术前后结肠癌患者的血清NO变化及临床意义

目的　研究一氧化氮 (NO)在结肠癌患者手术前后血清中的浓度变化及其临床意义 ,探讨在结肠癌肿瘤免疫方面的作用。方法　采用硝酸还原法测定 31健康人和 4 3例结肠癌患者血清NO水平。结果　结肠癌患者术前血清NO含量 (116± 10 5 ) μmol/L显著高于健康人 (5 1 4 3± 16 2 ) μmol/L ,两者比较为P <0 0 5 ,结肠癌者术后 3天的血清NO含量为 (6 8 1± 5 4 3) μmol/L ,与术前组相比明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但术后 7天 (10 9 2± 79 8) μmol/L上升到接近术前水平 (P >0 0 5 ) ,有淋巴结转移组 (87 0± 6 5 8) μmol/L ,低于无淋巴结转移组 (10 8 9± 6 8) μmol/L(P <0 0 5 )。结论　NO可能在分子水平参与结肠癌的发生和发展。     

低分子量肝素对不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆内皮素、一氧化氮的影响

目的 :观察低分子量肝素 (LMWH)对不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)患者血浆内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮(NO)水平的影响 ,探讨LMWH治疗UA的机理。方法 :UA患者在常规治疗基础上腹部皮下注射低分子量肝素 75 0 0IU ,12h 1次。用放射免疫法及化学比色法分别测定其血浆ET、NO水平。结果 :UA患者血浆ET水平明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,NO水平明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,经LMWH治疗后ET水平由治疗前(91.4 2± 2 6 .12 )ng/L下降至 (6 7.2 8± 17.94 )ng/L(P <0 .0 1) ,NO水平由治疗前 (37.89± 9.2 3) μmol/L升高至 (48.5 6± 11.74 ) μmol/L(P <0 .0 1) ,治疗前、后ET与NO水平均有显著性差异 ;治疗后与对照组相比ET、NO水平均差异无统计学意义。结论 :LMWH可改善血管内皮功能 ,使ET合成下降、NO合成增加 ;通过扩张血管、抑制血小板聚集、抗血栓形成而发挥其抗心绞痛的作用     

针刺对拟痴呆大鼠中枢一氧化氮活性和胆碱能系统功能的影响

目的探讨针刺对拟Alzheimer’sDisease(AD)大鼠大脑一氧化氮 (NO)活性和皮质、海马胆碱能系统功能的影响。方法用迷宫试验观测针刺对拟AD大鼠学习记忆能力的影响 ;采用硝酸还原酶法测定NO含量 ;应用巯基比色分析法、免疫组化法测定大鼠海马区乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AchE)和胆碱乙酰化酶(ChAT)活性变化。结果针刺组走完迷宫全程时间 ( 15 0 .2 2± 12 .47)秒与模型组 ( 2 3 2 .0 0± 15 .5 6)秒比较 ,存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;针刺组走迷宫走错次数 ( 3 .0 0± 0 .2 4)次与模型组 ( 4 .3 8± 0 .2 6)次比较 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;针刺组大脑皮质NO含量 ( 64 .75± 6.0 1) μmol/L比模型组 ( 111.80± 8.90 ) μmol/L显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;针刺组AchE活性 ( 3 .73± 0 .2 2 ) μmol/ml比模型组 ( 2 .3 5± 0 .3 3 ) μmol/ml明显增强 ( P <0 .0 1) ,针刺组ChAT活性 (PU值 2 0 .0 0± 1.0 0 )与模型组 (PU值 13 .86± 1.0 4)相比明显升高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论针刺可减少中枢NO的合成 ,从而减轻对大脑的神经毒作用 ;同时可提高中枢胆碱能系统功能 ,缓解拟AD大鼠的学习记忆障碍。     

血脂康对老年陈旧性心肌梗死患者氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白及血管内皮功能的影响

目的 :探讨血脂康对老年陈旧性心肌梗死 (OMI)患者血氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)水平和血管内皮功能的影响。方法 :老年OMI患者及健康老年人 (对照组 )各 32例 ,空腹 12h后查血清脂质总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、OX LDL、内皮素 (ET 1)和一氧化氮 (NO)水平 ,老年OMI患者给予血脂康 0 .6 g ,每日 2次 ,8周后复查OX LDL、ET 1和NO水平。 结果 :与对照组相比 ,老年OMI患者治疗前血清中脂质水平差异无显著性 ,血清中OX LDL和ET 1水平升高 [(1171.1± 5 0 4.2 )对 (4 14.9± 10 7.8) μg/L和 (10 4.48± 32 .30 )对 (6 4.40±18.0 4) pg/ml) ],NO水平低于对照组 [(4 4.78± 15 .40 )对 (77.78± 2 5 .79) μmol/L],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;经血脂康治疗后 ,老年OMI患者OX LDL和ET 1水平较治疗前下降 [(874.2± 30 5 .0 )对 (1171.1± 5 0 4.2 ) μg/L和 (89.15± 2 0 .78)对(10 4.48± 32 .30 ) pg/ml],NO水平升高 [(5 6 .6 0± 13.6 2 )对 (4 4.78± 15 .40 ) μmol/L],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论 :血脂康具有抑制脂质过氧化反应 ,减低OX LDL水平 ,保护老年OMI患者血管内皮功能的作用。     

淫羊藿苷对家兔阴茎海绵体的舒张作用及机制

目的　观察淫羊藿苷 (ICA)对家兔阴茎海绵体平滑肌的舒张效应及机制。方法　采用离体平滑肌张力记录法。结果　①淫羊藿苷、西地那非 (sildenafil,Sil)、罂粟碱 (Pap)及氨力农 (amrinone ,Amr)均可浓度依赖性地引起舒张效应 ,EC50 分别为 0 2 ,11 2 ,31 6和 5 0 1μmol/L。②NO合酶抑制剂N 硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯 (L NAME ) 5μmol/L可将ICA引起的最大舒张效应由 6 0 %降低到 9% ,而NO前体左旋精氨酸 (L Arginine) 2 0 μmol/L ,可部分恢复ICA的最大舒张效应到 4 0 % (P <0 0 5 )。③ICA (1,10 μmol/L)增强Ach引起的舒张效应 ,最大效应由 6 0 %分别升高到 6 7%和 80 % (P <0 0 5 )。④ICA (3,10 μmol/L)能使高K (2 0～ 12 0mmol/L)去极化引起的最大收缩反应分别降低到 88%和 81% (P <0 0 5 )。⑤在经 1μmol/L阿托品和 5 μmol/L胍乙啶预先处理的标本上 ,电场刺激可以引起海绵体平滑肌频率依赖性的舒张效应。ICA (1、 10 μmol/L)能增强电场刺激引起的舒张效应 ,最大效应由对照水平的4 1%分别升高到 5 9%和 6 3% (P <0 0 5 )。结论　ICA可以直接舒张阴茎海绵体平滑肌 ,其壮阳作用机制与影响NO cGMP信号通路有关。     

血中内皮素、一氧化氮水平与妊高征的关系研究

目的　探讨内皮素 (ET)和一氧化氮 (NO)在妊高征发病中的作用。方法　采用放射免疫法和硝酸还原酶法检测 31例妊高征患者 (妊高征组 )与 2 7例正常足月妊娠妇女 (正常妊娠组 )的血浆ET和血清NO水平。结果　妊高征组血浆ET水平为 10 5 .78± 2 2 .77ng/L ,明显高于正常妊娠组 (6 8.38± 13.2 3ng/L) (P <0 .0 0 1) ,病情越重 ,其值越高 ;妊高征组血清NO水平为 2 1.96± 13.40 μmol/L ,明显低于正常妊娠组 (86 .76± 2 6 .72 μmol/L) (P <0 .0 0 1) ,病情越重 ,其值越低 ;正常妊娠组ET和NO相关不显著 ,妊高征组ET和NO呈负相关关系 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　ET和NO在妊高征的发病中起重要作用 ,ET/NO比值越大 ,病情越重。     

窒息新生儿血浆NO、NOS水平及对预后的影响

目的　探讨新生儿窒息时一氧化氮 (Nitrogenmonoxide ,NO)、一氧化氮合成酶 (Nitrogenmonoxidesyntase ,NOS)水平的变化及其对判断预后的指导意义。方法　采用比色等方法测定 32例窒息新生儿及 30例正常新生儿血浆一氧化氮、一氧化氮合成酶活性水平。结果　正常对照组NO、NOS水平分别为 (72 .84± 1 2 .35) μmol/L和 (0 .2 0 3± 0 .0 5)U/mg ,窒息组为 (1 2 9.80± 32 .66) μmol/L和(0 .352± 0 .1 2 4 )U/mg ;其中轻度窒息组为 (1 0 5 .65± 36 .30 ) μmol/L和 (0 .2 89± 0 .0 9)U/mg ;重度窒息组为 (1 4 4 .55± 2 6 .32 ) μmol/L和 (0 .364± 0 .0 1 0 )U/mg。窒息新生儿NO、NOS水平较正常新生儿明显升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,重度窒息患儿较轻度窒息患儿升高 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　NO、NOS水平高低与窒息新生儿脑损伤程度和预后有关 ,可作为判断新生儿窒息及其所致新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)病情及预后的指标之一     

谷氨酰胺预防化疗致肠道损伤及其毒副作用的临床研究

目的　观察口服谷氨酰胺对胃肠肿瘤术后化疗致肠道损伤的影响 ,为临床上预防化疗所致的肠道损伤提供一种新方法。方法　选择胃肠道肿瘤手术后准备行化疗的 34例患者随机分成观察组和对照组 ,对照组(n =17)化疗时不口服谷氨酰胺 ,观察组 (n =17)化疗同时口服谷氨酰胺颗粒 (30g/d) ,分 3次服 ,连续 7d ,两组患者均行 5 -FU CF化疗方案 ,连续 5d ,观察两组患者化疗前后血浆中谷氨酰胺浓度、尿中乳果糖 /甘露醇浓度(L/M)比值、化疗毒副反应的变化。结果　血浆中谷氨酰胺浓度 :对照组化疗后较化疗前明显降低 ,为 (5 35 4 2±5 3 75 ) μmol/Lvs (5 6 5 6 8± 5 5 39) μmol/L(P <0 0 1) ;观察组化疗后较化疗前明显增高 ,为 (6 11 15± 88 2 3) μmol/Lvs(5 92 4 2± 83 0 9) μmol/L(P <0 0 5 ) ;观察组口服谷氨酰胺后较对照组明显增高 ,为 (6 11 15± 88 2 3) μmol/Lvs(5 35 4 2± 5 3 75 ) μmol/L(P <0 0 1)。尿中乳果糖 /甘露醇浓度比值 :对照组化疗后较化疗前明显增加 ,为 (0 0 4 5 3±0 0 0 78vs 0 0 4 2 2± 0 .0 0 79(P <0 0 5 ) ;观察组化疗后较化疗前明显降低 ,为 (0 0 331± 0 0 0 6 1)vs (0 0 374±0 0 0 78) (P <0 0 1) ;观察组口服谷氨酰胺后较对照组明显降低 ,为 (0 0 33     

急性心肌梗死后溶血磷脂酸水平与心肌重塑的关系

目的　研究急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后溶血磷脂酸 (LPA)水平的变化及其与左室重塑的相关关系 ,及LPA在AMI后心肌重塑中的作用。方法　选择AMI患者 86例 ,分别于入院即刻及第 4天测定患者血浆溶血磷脂酸和Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白的水平 ,并于入院即刻和发病第 8～ 10天对患者进行心脏彩色超声的检查 ,测定左室舒张末期直径 (LVDEd)和左室射血分数 (EF) ,并计算心肌梗死占左室面积的百分比。正常对照 4 0例 ,测定其血浆溶血磷脂酸和Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白的水平。根据入院第 4天所测得的LPA水平把患者分为两组 :LPA水平较低组 (LPA <6 0 μmol/L)为A组 ,4 5例 ;LPA水平较高组(LPA≥ 6 0 μmol/L)为B组 ,4 1例 ,比较各组参数的差异性 ,分析它们的相关关系。 结果 (1)AMI后患者血溶血磷脂酸水平较正常对照明显升高 (5 1μmol/L± 1 1μmol/L和 6 4 μmol/L± 1 3μmol/Lvs 2 5μmol/L± 1 1μmol/L ,P =0 0 0 0 1) ;(2 )溶血磷脂酸水平较高组患者与溶血磷脂酸水平较低组患者相比其左室舒张末期直径较大 (5 4 0mm± 3 3mmvs 5 1 1mm± 2 7mm ,P <0 0 5 ) ,心肌梗死面积占左室总面积的百分比较高 (114 %± 6 %vs2 6 %± 12 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ,PCⅢ水平高 (136 μg/L± 10 μg/Lvs113μg/L± 12 μg/L ,P <0     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.