冶炼工人体内镍、铬负荷与脂质过氧化关系的研究

[目的]研究冶炼工人体内镍(Ni)、铬(Cr)负荷与自由基代谢变化的关系。[方法]以212名冶炼作业人员为接触组,以106名无Ni、Cr接触史的健康人作为非接触组,分别测定两组人员血清中Ni、Cr的含量作为体内负荷,同时测定两组人员血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)水平,并将上述各项指标进行相关分析。[结果]接触组血清Ni、Cr平均水平分别为(O．15±0．04)和(0．26±0．03)μmol／L,血清SOD、GSH-Px和GST的活性分别为(161．22±29．26)、(116．42±20．16)和(38．36±10．06)U,MDA含量为(7．32±2．35)μmol／L;非接触组血清Ni、Cr平均水平分别为(0．07±0．05)和(0．08±0．04)μmol/L,血清中SOD、GSH-Px和GST的活性分别为(181．61±28．34)、(153．14±20．36)和(46．20±10．26)U,MDA含量为(4．35±1．26)μmol／L。对接触组与非接触组上述对应各项指标进行统计学分析,差异呈高度显著性(P<0．01)。将接触组人员以工龄分组比较,显示工龄≥10年组与工龄5～9年组比较,血清Ni、Cr平均水平和MDA含量均较高(P<0．05),而SOD、GSH-Px和GST活性均较低(P<0．05)。[结论]Ni、Cr具有增加体内脂质过氧化产物含量、降低机体的抗氧化能力的作用,增强Ni、Cr接触人群的氧化应激易感性。     

钍稀土混合粉尘作业工人血清抗氧化酶活力和丙二醛含量变化

目的 探讨钍稀土混合粉尘对作业工人血清某些抗氧化酶指标和丙二醛(MDA)的影响.方法 采用分光光度法分析血清MDA含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活力.结果 接尘组血清MDA含量[(9.74±3.60 )μmol/L]显著高于对照组[(6.90±2.87)μmol/L,P<0.001],抗氧化酶POD[(10.65±5.94)×103 U/L]显著低于对照组[(22.73±11.64) ×103 U/L,P<0.001],SOD和CAT与对照组比较差异无统计学意义.接尘组MDA含量与工龄呈正相关(r=0.248,P=0.038).结论 职业接触钍稀土混合粉尘者血清MDA水平升高,而POD活力下降.     

婴幼儿血镉含量与MDA含量和SOD活力的关系

目的从临床角度研究婴幼儿血镉水平及与MDA和SOD的关系。方法收集48名婴幼儿静脉血,采用原子吸收光谱仪测定血镉的含量,硫代巴比妥法测定血液中的丙二醛(MDA)含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。按血镉水平将48名受试者分为正常组、低镉组、高镉组。结果正常组血液中MDA含量为(6.57±5.00)μmol/L;低镉组、高镉组分别为(11.59±7.92)μmol/L和(15.45±7.32)μmol/L,与正常组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),并与血镉浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.53,P<0.01)。血液中SOD含量正常组为(93.44±14.28)U/ml;低镉组、高镉组分别为(80.03±16.09)U/ml和(72.35±19.88)U/ml,与正常组相比,差异均有统计学意义,(P<0.05,P<0.01),并与血镉浓度呈显著负相关(r=-.052,P<0.01)。结论血液中MDA含量或SOD活力的变化可作为临床上判断婴幼儿期镉损伤的重要指标之一。     

镍电解工人体内镍与脂质过氧化关系的研究

目的 研究从事镍电解工人体内镍负荷与自由基代谢变化的关系.方法 以100名镍电解作业人员为接触组,以80名无镍接触的健康者作为对照组,分别测定两组人员血清中镍含量作为体内负荷;同时测定两组人员中血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平,并将上述各项指标进行相关分析.结果 与对照组比较,镍作业组血清中MDA含量[(14.98±2.03)μmol/L]明显升高;SOD活力[(90.33±18.76)U/L]、GSH活力[(101.48±19.76)U/L]明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 镍具有增加体内脂质过氧化产物、降低机体抗氧化能力的作用.     

金属镉作业人群的脂质过氧化与抗氧化能力的观察

目的 观察金属镉接触作业人群体内的脂质过氧化产物和抗氧化酶的变化。方法 选取91名接触金属镉（Cd）的作业人员为接触组，并以79名不接触任何毒物的健康人作为对照组，测定血清中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）。结果 接触组的SOD、GSH-Px和GST的活性明显下降，而MDA明显增高（P〈0．05）。以工龄分组比较，显示长工龄组较短工龄组MDA高，SOD、GSH-Px和GST活性低（P〈0．05）。结论 Cd能增加体内脂质过氧化产物含量，降低机体的抗氧化能力，增加职业接触人群对氧化应激的易感性。     

低浓度光气作业工人的氧化应激反应初探

为探讨低浓度光气接触对人体氧化应激的影响,选择179名光气作业人员为接触组,153名不接触任何职业病危害因素的健康人群为对照组,测定其血清丙二醛(MDA)含量。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力。结果显示,接触组MDA含量及SOD活力均高于对照组(P<0.01);接触组GSH-Px活力低于对照组,但仅在30岁以下人群中,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。     

焊工体内重金属负荷与氧化应激损伤

目的研究焊工接触多种重金属与其体内氧化应激损伤的关系。方法采用横断面流行病学调查方法,以123名焊工和82名非焊工为研究对象,以石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法检测血清铅、镉和锰含量,采用超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)评价体内氧化应激水平。结果焊工血铅(115.49±79.22)μg/L和血镉(3.67±3.19)μg/L含量高于对照组;焊工GSH-Px活力(185.4±31.8)U低于对照组,MDA含量(391.0±128.2)μg/L高于对照组。焊工血铅与GSH-Px水平成负相关,与MDA呈正相关;血锰与MDA成正相关。焊工血铅与GSH-Px和MDA的剂量效应关系拟合曲线分别为y=-0.1353x+212.35和y=0.0059x+4.6407。结论氧化应激水平升高是焊工体内过量铅和锰导致神经行为功能改变的机制之一。     

铅对接噪工人听力损伤协同作用的观察

目的观察铅对接触噪声工人听力损伤的协同作用及可能机制。方法选择年龄、工龄及接触噪声强度相近的观察组和对照组工人,测定两组工人的单耳单频听阈、血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时测定两组工人血中铅含量,并比较两组数据差异。结果观察组的单耳听阈在4和6 k Hz,明显高于对照组,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组和对照组的血中铅浓度分别为(1.9±0.7)和(0.8±0.2)μmol/L,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);观察组和对照组的血清中SOD含量分别为(67.2±15.3)和(64.7±13.6)U/ml,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组和对照组的血清中MDA含量分别为(7.31±3.36)和(6.53±2.78)μmol/L,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论铅对接触噪声工人听力损伤具有协同作用,自由基损害可能是其机制之一。     

橡胶作业男工脂质过氧化水平和免疫功能指标的研究

[目的]探讨从事橡胶生产作业对工人的血清免疫系统及脂质过氧化水平的影响。[方法]以77名从事橡胶生产作业的男工作为观察组,以100名从事食品加工包装作业的健康男工作为对照组。分别测定该两组工人血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）的活力和丙二醛（MDA）及免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM的水平。[结果]观察组SOD和GST的活力分别为（69.29±7.63）U和（16.04±9.73）U,MDA水平为（5.11±2.06）μmol/L;对照组SOD和GST的活力分别为（64.38±11.65）U和（24.55±7.40）U,MDA水平为（3.98±1.48）μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA：观察组分别为（10.96±3.46）、（1.53±0.52）、（1.92±0.91）g/L;对照组分别为（11.05±3.64）、（1.59±0.61）、（1.90±0.89）g/L,两组差异无统计学意义。按工龄分为3组,工龄〉8年的SOD与对照组比较及其余各工龄组的GST、MDA与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;免疫球蛋白各组差异均无统计学意义。[结论]橡胶生产作业可以引起暴露男工的脂质过氧化损伤,它在由橡胶生产作业所引起的健康损害中可能具有重要作用;未发现对免疫球蛋白有明显影响。     

低浓度甲苯和甲醇及二甲基甲酰胺接触者氧化功能的变化

目的 探讨长期接触低浓度甲苯、甲醇、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作业人员氧化功能的变化.方法 对某化工厂112名工人依据毒物的职业接触史分成DMF组、甲苯组、甲醇组,与50例对照组同期进行问卷调查和健康检查,并进行一氧化氮(NO)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、符胱甘肽(GSH)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、对氧磷脂酶1(PON1)活力等氧化指标的检测.结果 各组被检者均无头痛、头晕、乏力及上呼吸道刺激症状,无恶心、食欲缺乏、腹胀、腹痛等消化系统症状和体征,无视网膜及视神经病变;无相关造血系统疾病及脾功能亢进等.甲苯组、甲醇组、DMF组SOD活力分别为(122.9±16.94)、(118.9±19.01)、(130.9±17.28)U/ml,明显高于对照组[(109.9±8.83)U/ml],甲苯组、甲醇组、DMF组GSH含量分别为(140.4±11.28)、(140.2±9.23)、(141.1±11.87)mg/L,PON1活力分别为(127.8±8.10)、(124.6±9.44)、(124.3±9.34)U/ml,明显低于对照组[分别为(153.4±6.56)mg/L、(152.9±12.79)U/ml],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);与对照组比较,甲醇组NO和MDA含量明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).以连续工龄为协变量进行协方差分析发现,受连续工龄影响的指标有GSH、MDA、PON1(P<0.01).结论 长期接触低浓度甲苯、甲醇、DMF,可使接触工人体内脂质过氧化反应增强.     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.