P16蛋白在胆囊癌组织中的表达

目的　探讨P16基因在胆囊癌的表达。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法对 2 7例胆囊癌标本P16基因表达进行检测。结果　胆囊癌P16蛋白阳性表达明显低于胆囊良性病变 (χ2 =15 . 372 5 ,P <0 . 0 1;χ2 =6 .. 0 6 6 7,P<0 . 0 5 ) ;P16蛋白阳性表达与病理类型差异无显著性意义 (χ2 =0 0 189,P >0. 0 5 ) ;P16蛋白阳性表达与Nevin临床分期差异有显著性意义 (χ2 =9 1881,P <0 . 0 5 ) ,S1-2 P16蛋白阳性表达明显高于S3 、S4-5。结论　P16基因的突变与缺失在胆囊癌有重要意义。     

EBV相关胃癌组织中bcl-2和Ki-67蛋白表达的检测

①目的　探讨Epstein BarrVirus(EBV)相关胃癌 (EBVaGC)组织中bcl 2和Ki 6 7蛋白表达与EBV感染的关系。②方法　应用PCR Southern技术 ,检测 1 85例胃癌及相应癌旁组织中EBVDNA ,原位杂交技术检测PCR阳性标本EBV小RNA1 (EBER1 )的表达 ,确证EBVaGC。并选择EBV阴性胃癌 (EBVnGC)标本 ,应用免疫组化技术检测其bcl 2和Ki 6 7蛋白的表达。③结果　 1 85例胃癌组织中检测到EBVaGC 1 3例 ,阳性率为 7.0 3% ,1 85例癌旁组织均为阴性 ,胃癌组织和相应癌旁组织EBV阳性率比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =1 1 .0 77,P <0 .0 0 1 )。E BVaGC和EBVnGC组织中bcl 2表达率分别为 5 3.85 %和 4 8.89% ,二者比较差异无显著性 (χ2 =0 .0 99,P >0 .0 5 )。EBVaGC和EBVnGC组织中Ki 6 7指数 (KI)平均值分别为 2 8.2 5 4± 6 .2 84和 37.86 4± 1 4 .5 2 3,二者比较差异有极显著意义 (t′=2 .5 5 3,P <0 .0 1 )。④结论　EBV感染与部分胃癌的发生有一定相关性 ,EBVaGC的发生与bcl 2蛋白表达无明显相关性 ,与Ki 6 7蛋白表达有一定相关性。     

E-钙黏附素和CD44V6在结肠癌中的表达及其意义

①目的　研究E 钙黏附素 (E cad)和CD44V6在结肠癌中的表达 ,探讨其与结肠癌临床病理学特征的关系。②方法　采用免疫组织化学S P法检测 60例结肠癌和 1 0例正常结肠黏膜组织中E cad和CD44V6的表达。③结果　正常结肠黏膜上皮细胞中E cad均呈阳性表达 ,而CD44V6均阴性 ,结肠癌组织中E cad和CD44V6的阳性表达率分别为 43 .3 %和 63 .3 %。E cad阳性表达率与结肠癌淋巴结转移有关 (χ2 =4.67,P <0 .0 5) ,而与分化程度、Dukes分期及浸润深度无关 (χ2 =2 .1 1～ 3 .39,P >0 .0 5)。浸润至浆膜层和有淋巴结转移的结肠癌组织CD44V6阳性表达率明显高于浸润至肌层和无淋巴结转移者 ,其差别有统计学意义 (χ2 =4.34、6 .33 ,P <0 .0 5) ,CD44V6阳性表达率与结肠癌组织学分级及Dukes分期无关 (χ2 =2 .1 8、2 .71 ,P >0 .0 5)。④结论　E cad失表达和CD44V6高表达在结肠癌的浸润和转移过程中起重要作用     

胃癌、结肠癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达

目的　研究血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在胃癌、结肠癌中的表达及意义。　方法　应用免疫组织化学技术 ,检测 35例胃癌、2 1例结肠癌中VEGF的表达。　结果　 35例胃癌、2 1例结肠癌组织中 ,VEGF表达总阳性率 6 7.86 % (38/5 6 ) ,有淋巴结转移者VEGF表达阳性占 75 .6 1% (31/4 1) ,无淋巴结转移VEGF表达阳性占 4 6 .6 7% (7/15 ) (χ2 =4 .35 ,P <0 .0 5 )。癌组织浸润至浆膜层及浆膜外者VEGF表达阳性占 77.5 0 % (31/4 0 ) ,浸润至肌层及粘膜层者VEGF表达阳性占 4 3.75 % (7/16 ) (χ2 =6 .71,P <0 .0 1)。　结论　VEGF促进胃癌、结肠癌的生长、侵袭与转移 ,可作为肿瘤的预后指标之一     

胃癌组织中PTEN和p53基因的表达

①目的　探讨抑癌基因PTEN和p5 3在胃癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌发生发展、临床病理特征之间的关系。②方法　应用免疫组织化学链霉亲和素方法 (SABC) ,检测PTEN和突变型p5 3基因在 6 5例胃癌组织、2 6例不典型增生胃黏膜、10例浅表性胃炎和 30例正常胃黏膜组织中的表达。③结果　胃癌组织中PTEN、突变型p5 3基因的阳性表达率分别为 4 8%、6 5 % ,不典型增生胃黏膜中PTEN、突变型p5 3基因的阳性表达率为 85 %、31% ,突变型p5 3基因在正常胃黏膜和浅表性胃炎组织中不表达 ,PTEN基因在正常胃黏膜和浅表性胃炎组织中全部呈阳性表达。胃癌组织中PTEN基因、p5 3基因的表达与其在正常胃黏膜组织、不典型增生胃黏膜、浅表性胃炎组织中的表达差别有显著性 (uc=2 .6 1～ 4 .5 2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;随临床分期、胃癌分化程度降低、浸润深度加深、淋巴结的转移 ,突变型p5 3基因的阳性表达率逐渐上升 (χ2 =4 .388～ 8.76 4 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,PTEN基因的阳性表达率逐渐降低 (χ2 =5 .4 91～ 8.0 2 0 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;PTEN基因表达阳性的胃癌组织中突变型p5 3基因的阳性表达率显著低于PTEN基因表达阴性的胃癌组织 (χ2 =9.81,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　PTEN和p5 3基因的异常表达与胃癌的发生有关 ;PTEN和p5 3基因可以作为判断胃癌生     

P57Kip2和PCNA在乳癌中的表达及其与预后关系

①目的　探讨有丝分裂抑制因子 (P5 7Kip2 )、增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)蛋白表达与乳癌预后的关系。②方法　以免疫组化S P法检测 138例乳癌组织P5 7Kip2 和PCNA蛋白的表达水平。③结果　在 138例乳癌组织中P5 7Kip2 蛋白阳性 5 5例 (39.86 % ) ,其中低表达 39例 (70 .91% ) ,高表达 16例 (2 9.0 9% )。PCNA低指数表达 6 3例 (45 .6 5 % ) ,PCNA高指数表达 75例 (5 4 .35 % )。P5 7Kip2 蛋白的表达与乳癌组织腺管形成、细胞核多形性、核分裂象计数和组织学分级呈负相关 (χ2 =5 .11～ 11.0 1,P <0 .0 1) ;单因素预后分析显示P5 7Kip2 蛋白高表达组生存期长于低表达组 (χ2 =6 .93,P <0 .0 1) ,PCNA高指数表达组生存期短于低指数表达组 (χ2 =5 .13,P <0 .0 5 ) ;P5 7Kip2 阳性并PCNA低指数表达组、P5 7Kip2 阳性并PCNA高指数表达组、P5 7Kip2 阴性并PCNA低指数表达组和P5 7Kip2 阴性并PCNA高指数表达组生存期依次缩短 (χ2 =7.32 ,P <0 .0 1)。④结论　P5 7Kip2 和PCNA的联合检测有利于更准确地判断细胞增殖活性和预后 ;P5 7Kip2 在乳癌中的不同表达水平可能与不同的调控方向有关。     

Survivin和NF-κB在肝细胞癌中的表达

①目的　探讨凋亡抑制因子Survivin和核因子NF κB在肝细胞癌 (HCC)组织的表达情况及与临床病理特征的关系。②方法　采用免疫组化方法检测 4 1例HCC中Survivin和NF κB蛋白的表达情况 ,以相应癌旁肝组织、肝硬化组织 (10例 )、肝血管瘤旁正常肝组织 (11例 )作对照 ,并分析其与病理特征的关系。③结果　Survivin蛋白在HCC组织阳性表达率为 4 8.8% ,在对照组中不表达 ,二者比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =37.5 3,P <0 .0 1) ;门静脉浸润者的阳性表达率显著高于无门静脉浸润者 (χ2 =5 .5 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ;肿瘤呈多发者的阳性表达率显著高于单发者(χ2 =3.98,P <0 .0 5 )。NF κB蛋白在HCC组织的阳性表达率为 6 8.3% ,显著高于对照肝组织 (χ2 =4 1.12 ,P <0 .0 1)。NF κB的表达与Suvivin的表达呈正相关 (r=0 .0 6 5 6 ,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　Survivin、NF κB在HCC组织中的高表达参与了肝癌的发生、发展 ,可能的机制是抑制了肝细胞的凋亡。     

肺癌病人血管内皮生长因子表达与临床预后的关系

①目的　探讨肺癌病人血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)表达与预后的关系。②方法　应用SABC免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF在 71例肺癌组织标本中的表达情况。③结果　肺癌组织VEGF表达阳性率为 76 .0 6 % ,明显高于肺良性病变的 2 0 .0 0 % (χ2 =2 1.2 1,P <0 .0 1) ;低分化癌VEGF阳性表达率显著高于高分化癌 (χ2 =4.146 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,有淋巴结转移者显著高于无淋巴结转移者 (χ2 =5 .2 2 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期癌显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期癌 (χ2=5 .42 0 ,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　VEGF是判断肺癌病人预后的重要指标之一。     

p57kip2在膀胱癌的表达及意义

目的 :探讨细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制因子 p5 7kip2 蛋白在膀胱癌的表达及临床意义。方法 :采用免疫组化技术检测p5 7kip2 蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)在 5 0例膀胱癌和 14例正常膀胱黏膜中的表达。结果 :p5 7kip2 蛋白阳性表达率在膀胱癌组织中为 4 6 % (2 3/ 5 0 ) ,显著低于正常膀胱黏膜组织 78.6 % (11/ 14 ) (χ2 =4 .6 6 0 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,并与膀胱癌组织病理分级、生存率显著相关 (χ2 =8.5 92 ,P <0 .0 5 ;χ2 =4 .5 4 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,但与临床分期无关 (χ2 =0 .5 73,P >0 .0 5 )。PCNA阳性表达率在膀胱癌组织中为 6 0 % (30 / 5 0 ) ,显著高于正常膀胱黏膜组织的 0 % (0 / 14 ) (χ2 =15 .812 ,P <0 .0 1) ,并与膀胱癌组织病理分级 ,临床分期和生存率显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。p5 7kip2 和PCNA蛋白的表达呈负相关 (r =- 0 .4 4 3,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :p5 7kip2 的低表达与膀胱癌的发生发展密切相关 ,可以作为判断膀胱癌不良预后的参考指标。     

胰腺癌组织中Kail蛋白的表达及其临床意义

①目的　了解Kail蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其意义。②方法　应用免疫组织化学方法 ,检测 12例正常胰腺和 4 7例胰腺癌组织中Kail蛋白的表达。③结果　正常胰腺组织中Kail蛋白阳性表达率为 83.3% ,明显高于胰腺癌组织中Kail蛋白阳性表达率 (χ2 =4 .0 8,P <0 .0 5 )。Kail蛋白阳性表达率与胰腺癌淋巴结和肝转移密切相关 (χ2 =5 .4 7、4 .83,P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与胰腺癌的侵袭能力、组织学分级和病人 1年生存率无关 (χ2 =3.14～ 3.5 8,P >0 .0 5 )。④结论　Kail蛋白异常表达在胰腺癌的转移中起重要作用     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.