通便胶囊对慢传输型便秘模型大鼠胃肠激素影响的研究

[目的]观察通便胶囊对慢传输型便秘(STC)模型大鼠胃肠激素的影响。[方法]SD大鼠60只,随机分为空白对照组10只,STC模型组50只,STC模型组大鼠再随机分为通便胶囊低、中、高剂量组、模型对照组、麻仁丸组各10只。造模后观察模型组与空白对照组大鼠血浆P物质(SP)、一氧化氮(NO)水平的比较;通便胶囊治疗2周后,观察模型组各组大鼠体内SP、胃动素(MTL)、NO水平的变化。[结果]造模后模型组较空白对照组SP水平降低、NO水平升高(P0.01);通便胶囊治疗2周后,对SP、NO、MTL水平的影响,低剂量组治疗效果差,疗效无统计学意义,中、高剂量组治疗疗效显著。麻仁丸组与高剂量组、中剂量组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),说明通便胶囊中、高剂量疗效确切。[结论]通便胶囊中、高剂量能够使STC大鼠模型体内SP、MTL的水平升高,NO水平降低;具有促进结肠蠕动,增加结肠动力的作用,其作用机制可能与调节胃肠激素水平有关。     

生物反馈联合莫沙必利治疗慢传输型便秘的疗效观察

目的观察生物反馈联合莫沙必利治疗慢传输型便秘(STC)的临床效果。方法 108例STC患者采取随机分组方式分为3组,其中治疗A组38例给予生物反馈+莫沙必利治疗,对照B组33例给予莫沙必利+虚拟生物反馈治疗,对照C组37例给予生物反馈+安慰剂治疗。3组均治疗4周后观察疗效。结果三种不同的治疗方案均可改善慢传输型便秘患者的临床症状,提高结肠排出率,治疗A组治愈11例、显效10例、有效13例、无效4例,对照B组依次为4例、7例、4例、18例,对照C组依次为5例、7例、8例、17例。治疗A组疗效高于对照B组和对照C组(χ2=12.914,P=0.002)。治疗A组治疗后结肠排出个数明显升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论生物反馈联合莫沙必利治疗慢传输型便秘的疗效优于莫沙必利或生物反馈的单一治疗,并且能有效促进结肠排空,值得临床推广及进一步研究参考。     

慢传输型便秘动物模型研究进展

慢传输型便秘（slowtransitconstipationSTC）是一种以结肠通过时间延长和结肠动力下降为特征的顽固性便秘，是功能性便秘中常见的类型。随着人们饮食结构、生活习惯以及精神心理等因素的影响，其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。美国一项回顾性研究发现STC占慢性便秘患者的42．0%，是慢性便秘常见的病理类型。国内流行病学调查显示，     

慢传输型便秘结肠动力学研究

随着社会人口老龄化的趋势 ,饮食结构的改变以及精神心理和社会因素等的影响 ,慢性便秘已成为影响现代人特别是老年人生活质量的重要病症[1] 。但对慢性便秘的发生机制迄今为止并非完全阐明 ,泻剂导致的泻剂性肠病已引起胃肠科医生的关注。本研究通过对结肠慢传输型便秘结肠动力学特点的评估 ,旨在为这类患者的诊断和治疗策略的选择提供理论和实验室依据。一、材料和方法(一 )研究对象 :5 0例功能性慢性便秘病人 (ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｎｓｔｉｐａｔｉｏｎ ,ＣＦＣ)来自我院胃肠动力中心 (1996～1999年 ) ,并符合以下条…     

慢传输型便秘的临床研究进展

在晚近胃肠动力学的研究中 ,医学界趋于将便秘分为慢传输型便秘 (Ｓｌｏｗｔｒａｎｓｉｔｃｏｎｓｔｉｐａｔｉｏｎ ,ＳＴＣ)、出口梗阻型便秘和两者的混合型便秘。对于出口梗阻型便秘是作为一个症状而存在于某种疾病当中的 ,它多与盆底疾病相关 ,应用排便造影、肛门直肠测压和电生理检查 ,可明确诊断。针对这些疾病的治疗 ,排便功能失调的解决 ,便秘症状可相应缓解。除了上述容易通过容积性泻药治疗的和可治性肛门直肠疾病 ,剩下的则就是怀疑结肠动力受损所引起的结肠传输功能异常 ,即结肠无力 ,使粪便在肠道停留时间过长的便秘 ,即ＳＴＣ…     

肠神经系统与慢传输型便秘

慢传输型便秘(STC)病因未明,多因素与其发病相关.肠神经系统(ENS)可独立调节肠道功能,其在慢传输型便秘中的改变具有重要意义.此文就此予以阐述,为STC临床治疗提供依据.     

电针疗法对慢传输型便秘患者便秘症状、心理状态和结肠传输功能的影响

目的评价电针疗法对慢传输型便秘患者结肠传输功能、症状、心理状态及生活质量的影响。方法纳入符合罗马Ⅲ诊断标准的慢传输型便秘患者60例,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组使用电针刺激足三里穴和天枢穴,对照组口服枸橼酸莫沙比利片,治疗前后分别行结肠传输试验,记录排便困难症状评分表、抑郁焦虑评分表和生活质量评分表。结果 (1)治疗组和对照组治疗后,排便困难症状均明显改善(P<0.05);(2)通过治疗前后结肠传输试验的比较,治疗组72 h钡条残留总量明显减少(P<0.05),其中位于结肠区的钡条明显减少(P<0.01),对照组有同样变化(P<0.05);(3)与治疗前相比,治疗组患者SDS、SAS评分明显降低(P<0.05),对照组SDS和SAS评分无明显改变(P>0.05);(4)经电针治疗后,患者生活质量8个维度均明显改善(P均<0.05),其中活力、社会功能和精神健康3个维度的改善较药物治疗组明显(P均<0.05)。结论电针刺激足三里穴和天枢穴不仅可以改善慢传输型便秘患者排便困难情况,加快结肠的传输,还可以改善患者的心理状态,提高生活质量。     

老年慢传输型便秘的手术治疗

目的 探讨慢传输型便秘的手术治疗效果.方法 经少量钡餐法胃肠运输试验确诊为有胃肠道慢传输因素存在的老年便秘患者51例,其中结肠慢传输患者17例,全部行结肠次全切除术;全消化道慢传输患者9例,5例行全结肠切除,4例行包括结肠全切除的联合手术;结直肠混合型患者25例,9例行结肠次全切除,16例行包括结肠次全切除的联合手术.结果 全组治愈44例（86.3%）,好转7例,有效率（治愈＋好转）100%.25例结直肠混合型便秘患者,单纯结肠次全切除和联合手术的治愈率分别是44.4%（4/9）和93.8%（15/16）,两者的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.9例全消化道慢传输型便秘患者,结肠全切除和联合手术的治愈率分别是75%（3/4）和100%（5/5）.两者虽然有差异,但差异无统计学意义.51例中手术后发生肠梗阻3例,切口感染2例,无手术死亡病例.结论 结肠次全切除术或结肠全切除术是治疗慢传输型便秘的有效方法,结肠慢传输患者应选择结肠次全切除术,全消化道慢传输患者应选择全结肠切除术,对合并有盆底异常、直肠排空障碍和出口梗阻的慢传输便秘患者应选择联合手术.结肠部分切除疗效较差,应慎重考虑.     

Abnormalities of nerve fibers in the circular muscle of patients with slow transit constipation

Abnormalities of the enteric nervous system are thought to explain the pathophysiology of motility disorders. Our aim was to determine if particular classes of enteric neurons are affected in slow transit constipation (STC). Specimens were taken from the terminal ileum and ascending, transverse and descending colon of patients undergoing subtotal colectomy for STC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antisera to neuron-specific enolase, tachykinin, leu-enkephalin, choline acetyltransferase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, nitric oxide synthase, tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y. The density of nerve fibres labelled with these antibodies in each layer was compared with age-matched controls. The density of nerve fibres with tachykinin and enkephalin immunoreactivity was reduced in the colonic circular muscle of the 15 patients with STC, whereas innervation of all other layers was normal. This reduction of tachykinin-immunoreactive nerve fibres also occurred in nine of the 12 specimens of terminal ileum examined. No difference was detected in the density or distribution of nerve fibres using the other antisera. Excitatory nerve fibres are present in the circular muscle in STC but they are deficient in tachykinins and enkephalin. Accepted: 14 January 1998     

针刺治疗老年慢传输型便秘60例临床观察

目的 观察针刺治疗老年慢传输型便秘的疗效及对肠动力的影响.方法 随机将60例老年慢传输型便秘患者分为两组,其中,实验组：30例老年患者运用针刺治疗,每日1次,每次30分钟.对照组：30例给予口服莫沙必利治疗,每次5mg,每日三次.两组均共治疗2周.结果 实验组30例,痊愈14例（46.67％）,有效15例（50％）,无效1例（3.33％）,总有效率96.67％;对照组30例,痊愈8例（26.67％）,有效16例（53.33％）,无效6例（20％）,总有效率80％,实验组疗效优于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 针刺治疗老年慢传输型便秘具有较好的临床疗效,并能有效促进肠蠕动.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic total colectomy for slow transit constipation

Purpose Current medical treatments for slow transit constipation (STC) are often ineffective, and total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis has been the procedure of choice for selected patients with refractory STC. Today, minimally invasive approaches are being utilized in a greater number of procedures as surgeons become more familiar with the techniques involved. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and utility of hand-assisted laparoscopic total colectomy for STC. Method From January 2002 to December 2005, 44 women presented with complaints of intractable constipation and failed to respond to medical treatment. Slow transit constipation was diagnosed after a series of examinations, including a colonic transit test, anal manometry, balloon expulsion test, and barium enema. All eligible patients underwent a hand-assisted laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. Main outcome measures included the operative time, conversion to open procedure, blood loss, time to return of flatus, length of postoperative hospital stay, and complications. Result The mean operative time was 197 min (range, 125–295 min). The mean estimated blood loss was 113 ml (range, 100–300 ml). The mean day of first time to flatus was 2 days, and the mean hospital stay was 7.6 days. There was no conversion to an open procedure and no surgical mortality. In the following period, two patients developed intestinal obstruction, which underwent exploratory laparotomy. However, some 39 patients (88.6%) expressed excellent or good in satisfaction. Conclusion Hand-assisted laparoscopic total colectomy could be a safe and efficient technique in the treatment of STC.     

慢传输型便秘患者结肠中五羟色胺受体亚型的表达及意义

目的:研究主要5-HT受体亚型在慢传输型便秘(slowtransitconstipation,STC)患者结肠中的表达,探讨其在慢传输型便秘发病机制中的作用.方法:采用免疫组化EnVision法,检测20例STC患者和20例对照组结肠组织中5-HT1A,5-HT3和5-HT4受体的分布及表达水平,并采用IMS计算机辅助图像分析系统进行半定量分析.结果:5-H1A受体分布于黏膜下层、肌层,肌间神经丛5-HT1A受体的表达在STC组和对照组间无显著差异(P=0.548).5-HT3受体分布于黏膜下层和肌层,肌间神经丛STC组阳性指数显著低于对照组(65.2±15.9vs94.3±20.1,P<0.01).5-HT4受体分布于黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层.在黏膜层和肌间神经丛,STC组5-HT4受体阳性指数均显著低于对照组(57.8±10.9vs78.5±12.9,P<0.01;77.5±19.9,119.2±26.9,P<0.01).STC组中,5-HT3受体表达水平与结肠传输试验第5天体内残留标志物数量无关(P>0.05);但5-HT4受体表达水平与第5天体内残留标志物数量呈负相关(r=-0.782,P<0.01).结论:STC患者结肠中存在5-HT3和5-HT4受体亚型的表达下调,两者可能参与了STC的发病机制.     

Decreased interstitial cells of Cajal in the sigmoid colon of patients with slow transit constipation

Background and aims Slow transit constipation (STC) is a colonic motor disorder that is characterized by measurably delayed movement of materials through the colon. Although abnormalities in the neuronal networks of the colon have been demonstrated in patients with STC, the etiology of STC remains unclear. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) have been shown to be the pacemaker cells of the intestine and have been implied in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal motility dysfunctions, including idiopathic STC. This study aimed to determine the normal distribution of ICC within the colon of the Chinese and also to determine if ICC are decreased in Chinese STC patients.Patients and methods Twelve patients with STC and eight age-matched normal controls were studied. Specimens of sigmoid colon were obtained immediately after resection. ICC were identified with a monoclonal antibody to c-kit by an indirect immunofluorescence method. Immunostained tissues were examined with a laser scanning confocal microscope and the area occupied by ICC was calculated with an image analysis system.Results ICC were located in the external muscle layers including myenteric plexus (MP) and submucosal border (SMB). Two types of Kit-positive ICC were observed: bipolar cells characterized by one or two long processes and multipolar cells characterized by long stellate processes extending in various directions. A higher percentage of ICC was present in the MP regions and circular muscle (CM) layers compared with the SMB and longitudinal muscle (LM) layers. Tissues from STC patients showed a considerable decrease in the number of ICC located in the four regions (ICC-LM, ICC-MP, ICC-CM, ICC-SMB), especially the ICC-SMB, in which ICC almost completely disappeared.Conclusions Similar distribution of ICC was observed in the normal sigmoid colon of the Chinese. Decreased area of c-kit+ ICC may play an important role in the pathophysiology of STC. It remains to be determined whether the loss of ICC is primary or secondary to another lesion.     

慢传输性便秘结肠阿片受体的病理生理改变

目的 为了更加深入地了解慢传输性便秘的发病机理和病理生理改变。方法 应用放射配体结合分析检测了患结肠mu、Kappa阿片受体含量变化。结果 与正常对照组比较,STC患结肠壁肌层ma、Kappa阿片受体含量增加。结论 STC患内源性阿片肽活性增加,肠道运动受抑制,提示阿片受体拮抗剂可能是治疗STC的一个新途径。     

慢传输型便秘结肠次全切除术后盲肠直肠吻合方式的探讨

目的探讨慢传输型便秘行结肠次全切除术后更合理的盲肠直肠吻合方式。 方法对兰州军区兰州总医院连续收治并进行手术治疗的34例STC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,男性3例,女性31例;年龄36～75岁,平均60.5岁。所有患者均选择行结肠次全切除盲肠直肠吻合,手术在常规开腹或是腹腔镜辅助下进行,盲肠直肠吻合方式采用回盲瓣对侧的盲肠侧壁与直肠残端进行端侧吻合。 结果传统开腹施行手术18例,腹腔镜辅助手术16例。术后1～3天开始排便,6～20次/d,术后第5-6天时排便次数逐渐减少。22例患者在术后10天时大便次数减少至8次/d以内;10例患者术后出现稀水样便伴肛门疼痛,经口服易蒙停、思密达等对症处理后好转。术后发生吻合口瘘1例、切口感染5例、尿潴留2例、炎性肠梗阻2例。30例患者得到随访2月至8年,大便次数保持在1-6次/d。2例患者7年后诉肛门坠胀,排便不净感。1例患者于术后4.5年时出现不完全性肠梗阻,经保守治疗后痊愈。27例患者术后立即感觉治疗效果满意,占80%;随访过程中,所有患者自觉症状均较术前改善明显,对手术治疗满意。无围手术期死亡。 结论对于确实需要手术治疗的STC患者,结肠次全切除盲直端侧吻合可以作为术式选择之一。     

胶质细胞源性神经生长因子与慢传输性便秘

慢传输型便秘(STC)至今病因未明。肠神经系统(ENS)可独立调节肠道功能,其在慢传输型便秘中的改变具有重要意义。胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)不仅可促进多种神经元的存活与分化,而且对多种原因造成的神经损伤具有明显的保护作用。此文主要从肠神经系统的功能变化和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子的营养作用这两方面来阐述与功能性便秘之间的相关性。     

5-HT与慢传输型便秘相关性的研究

目的通过建立大鼠慢传输型便秘模型,检测便秘大鼠结肠5-HT的表达情况,探讨5-HT与慢传输型便秘是否存在相关性。 方法SD大鼠48只随机分为4组：空白组,模型组,莫沙必利治疗组,麻仁丸治疗组。空白组大鼠用生理盐水灌胃,便秘模型组和治疗组大鼠用复方地芬诺酯灌胃,建立大鼠慢传输型便秘（STC）模型。模型建立后,治疗组大鼠分别用莫沙必利、麻仁丸灌胃,观察各组大鼠大便粒数及大便湿重。治疗结束后将大鼠集体处死,取大鼠近端结肠标本,用免疫组织化学的方法检测各组大鼠结肠5-HT的表达情况。使用彩色病理图像分析系统对阳性表达的平均光密度值（MD）进行半定量分析。4组数据之间的比较采用方差分析。 结果免疫组化结果显示：便秘组结肠5-HT的MD值（0.453±0.028）大于空白对照组（0.148±0.011）、莫沙必利治疗组（0.316±0.012）及麻仁丸治疗组（0.291±0.010）,t值分别为34.209、15.307、18.296,P均<0.001,差异有统计学意义;莫沙必利治疗组（0.316±0.012）和麻仁丸治疗组（0.291±0.010）的MD值均大于空白对照组（0.148±0.011）,t值分别为35.983、31.919,P均<0.001,差异有统计学意义。 结论便秘大鼠结肠5-HT的表达增高,可能影响肠神经传导功能,从而导致便秘的发病。