改良第一跖骨基底旋转截骨治疗重度拇外翻

目的：探讨第一跖骨基底旋转截骨,联合植骨治疗拇外翻的疗效。方法对于23例拇外翻患者（34足）行第一跖骨基底旋转截骨,并联合植骨矫正拇外翻畸形,通过对手术前后AOFOS评分,评价该术式疗效。结果对全部患者均随访8~24个月（平均18个月）,拇外翻角（HVA）由术前（45.0±3.5）°减小到（11.0±3.6）°（t=61.5, P〈0.05）,第一、二跖骨间角（IMA）由术前（20.1±3.5）°减小到（9.0±1.0）°（t=25.0, P〈0.05）。AOFAS评分由术前（38.0±6.0）矫正至术后（90.0±2.0）（t=58.0, P〈0.05）结论第一跖骨基底旋转截骨联合植骨治疗重度拇外翻对治疗重度拇外翻有显著疗效。     

医疗健康数据支持下的Scarf截骨术治疗不同程度拇外翻的效果

目的 探讨基于患者医疗健康数据支持下的Scarf截骨术用于治疗不同程度拇外翻患者的临床疗效及应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年7月收治的中重度拇外翻患者92例(103足),按照随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组，每组46例。对照组采用Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻，研究组则基于患者个人医疗健康数据分析后进行Scarf截骨术治疗。采用X线观察2组患者治疗前、后拇外翻角(HVA)、跖骨间角(IMA)及远端关节面固有角(DMAA)的改善水平；对比2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量等情况；采用美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)评分标准对各组患者术后临床疗效进行评估；对比各组患者术后并发症的发生率。结果 术后2组患者HVA、DMAA、IMA角度相比于术前均显著改善(P<0.05),除研究组与对照组中度拇外翻IMA值对比差异明显(P<0.05)外，其他指标在2组患者间相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但研究组中中、重度组HVA、DMAA、IMA角度均略低于对照组中中、重度组；虽然2组患者中重度拇外翻术后疗效对比无显著性差异(P>0.05),但研究组中重度患者术后疗效优的...     

三截骨术在重度拇外翻治疗中的临床研究

目的 探讨三截骨术治疗重度拇外翻的临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析25例(35足)重度拇外翻患者的手术治疗效果及术后并发症发生情况,比较分析手术前后AOFAS评分、HVA及IMA.结果 参照AOFAS足拇外翻疗效评定标准,35足愈后的优良率为94.3％；术后AOFAS评分(88.7±5.2)分,比术前(41.7±8.4)分显著增高(t=3.47,P＜0.05)；面术后HVA值[(10.2±2.1)°]及IMA值[(7.4±1.3)°]比术前HVA值[(55.7±14.2)°]及IMA值[(22.7±4.8)°]显著降低(t=4.31、3.38,均P＜0.05).35足中,术后前足内侧有麻木者8足,跖趾关节活动轻度受限者3足,余均未发生严重并发症.结论 三截骨术治疗重度拇外翻疗效确切,并发症少,值得在临床推广应用.     

Chevron截骨联合第一跖骨基底开放截骨治疗重度踇外翻的疗效分析

目的 对重度踇外翻应用Chevron截骨术配合第一跖骨基底开放截骨治疗的疗效进行分析。方法 2013年1月至2018年2月我院采用Chevron截骨联合第一跖骨基底开放截骨治疗重度踇外翻患者18例21足。对患者的踇外翻角(HVA),近侧关节固定角(DMAA),第一、二跖骨间角(IMA)分别在手术前和手术后进行比较。应用美国足踝外科学会(AOFAS)评分系统评估临床疗效。结果 本组18例术后全部获得随访,随访时间为2～7年,平均随访时间为(41.81±15.92)个月。AOFAS评分手术前为(48.71±14.30)分,手术后为(85.57±14.55)分;IMA由手术前(18.88±2.26)°矫正至IMA(9.45±2.94)°;HVA由手术前(46.34±4.83)°矫正至(16.12±10.01)°;DMAA由手术前(26.48±12.83)°矫正至(9.38±7.95)°;疗效评价为优11足,良7足,可1足,差2足,优良率为85.71%。结论 Chevron截骨术联合第一跖骨基底开放截骨术对重度踇外翻畸形的治疗效果是值得肯定的。     

改良第一跖骨远端V形截骨术治疗轻中度外翻

目的介绍并评价改良第一跖骨远端V形截骨术治疗轻中度外翻的临床疗效。方法选取采用改良第一跖骨远端V形截骨术治疗合并转移性跖痛的轻中度外翻患者18例（24足）。测量并比较手术前后外翻角（HVA）、第一、二跖骨间角（IMA1~2）、患足前足底压力/足底总压力、第1~5跖骨头下压力/前足底压力分布改变;使用AOFAS评分评价疗效。结果术后HVA、IMA1~2低于术前（11.8±1.8 vs 30.2±3.3,6.6±1.0 vs 13.8±1.9,P<0.05）, AOFAS评分高于术前（92.8±3.4 vs 58.2±8.6,P<0.05）。术后患足前足底及第1~5跖骨头下压力分布较术前明显接近正常值标准。术后第一跖骨长度平均短缩小于2 mm;术后截骨处平均愈合时间为12周,无一例患足出现截骨后不愈合或跖骨头坏死。结论改良第一跖骨远端V形截骨术可有效治疗合并转移性跖痛的轻中度外翻,矫形效果确切,并发症少,值得推广。     

Akin 截骨术联合 Scarf 截骨术治疗中重度 外翻

摘要： 目的 评价 Akin 截骨术联合 Scarf 截骨术治疗中重度 外翻的效果。方法 选取中重度 外翻患者 39 例（58 足）, 其中 12 例（16 足）中度 外翻患者采用单独 Scarf 截骨术, 27 例（42 足）中重度 外翻患者采用 Scarf 联合 Akin 截骨术。手术前、 后均行患足 X 线片检查, 测量 外翻角 （HVA）、 第一二跖骨间角 （IMA） 和胫侧籽骨位置, 记录患者术前术后美国足踝外科学会足功能评分系统 （AOFAS） 评分。结果 手术均顺利完成。每足手术时间 45~78 min, 平均 （55.0±6.8） min, 术中出血 3~20 mL, 平均 （11.0±5.4） mL。除 1 例 （1 足） 重度 外翻患者 Akin 截骨处愈合较慢以外, 其余患者 Scarf 及 Akin 截骨处均愈合良好。手术切口 2 例 （2 足） 出现红肿, 后自行消退。2 例 （2 足） 出现趾背内侧麻木, 考虑为神经损伤, 经 3~5 个月好转。本组患者均获得随访, 未见 外翻复发病例。术后 HVA （14.1°± 5.3°）、 IMA （7.7°±3.8°） 和胫侧籽骨位置 ［（2.58±0.61） 级］ 均低于术前 ［分别是 （39.6°±6.8°）、（18.7°±5.4°） 和 （4.87±0.59）级］, AOFAS 评分高于术前 （分： 84.4±8.7 vs. 37.3±9.5, P＜0.05）。结论 Akin 截骨术联合 Scarf 截骨术治疗中重度外翻疗效肯定, 矫形效果满意, 并发症少, 外翻复发率低, 值得临床推广应用。     

改良McBride手术治疗中重度足拇外翻的疗效分析

<正>足拇外翻是骨科门诊的一种常见病。拇外翻并不是一个单一的病变,就诊时往往已发展为中重度畸形,需要手术治疗。自2011年10月至2014年8月期间,我科运用改良McBride法手术治疗中重度足拇外翻畸形共15例24足,均取得良好疗效,报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:本组15例24足,其中男性2例,女性13例,年龄38~72岁,平均年龄54岁。术前X线片测量分析:拇外翻角(HVA)27°~45°,平均     

改良Keller手术治疗老年拇外翻的疗效分析

目的:探讨改良Keller结合软组织手术矫治拇外翻的方法,并分析其疗效。方法:根据术前与术后对拇外翻畸形的评估,从酌情减少近节趾骨的截除量,结合跖趾关节内侧软组织成形术以及术后早期康复干预三方面改良Keller手术。自1998年5月～2004年5月,对24例(37足)拇外翻患者行改良Keller手术。所有病例均获得完整资料并随访。对畸形矫正程度、疼痛症状及行走功能等三方面评估疗效。患足均于手术前后摄负重位X线片。结果:本组中优20足,良16足,差1足,优良率为97.3%。术前、术后负重位X线片测量,HVA术前(46.47±9.15)°(27°～65°),术后(14.66±2.53)°(10°～23°),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);IMA术前(14.53±3.46)°(10°～20°),术后(10.12±1.84)°(8°～14°),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良Keller手术可明显地减少增大的第一跖趾角;软组织成形术又可使第一二跖间角相应缩小。改良Keller结合软组织成形术能有效地改善足部症状、矫正外翻畸形,因此是一个有效的、可靠的手术方式。通过早期康复干预可有效的恢复行走功能、控制并发症。     

拇外翻的治疗进展

拇外翻是临床的一种常见病，发病率很高，特别是女性，在有些国家可高达50％。桂鉴超等认为拇外翻主要是指第一序列的异常（足部第一序列是指跖楔关节、第一跖骨、跖趾关节、近远节趾骨以及趾间关节），而不仅仅表现为跖趾关节的异常。穿高跟尖头鞋是拇外翻形成的主要因素之一，另外还与遗传，各种炎症有关。在X线表现方面，正常的第一、二跖骨间角（IMA）不大于9°，拇外翻角（HA）不大于15°。据此将拇外翻分为三种：轻度畸形（拇外翻角大于正常而小于20°，跖骨间角小于11°）、中度畸形（拇外翻角在20°～40°，跖骨间角在11°～18°）和重度畸形（拇外翻角大于40°，跖骨间角大于18°）。     

跖骨远端双平面chevron截骨治疗中度拇外翻的临床疗效及矫正效果

目的 评估跖骨远端双平面chevron截骨治疗在中度拇外翻患者治疗中的临床治疗疗效和矫正效果。方法 对2018年1月至2020年1月本院诊治的80例中度拇外翻患者（80只患足）实施数据分析,全部患者均接受跖骨远端双平面chevron截骨治疗,分析临床手术治疗效果及术后并发症发生情况,对比手术之前与手术之后12个月拇外翻角度测量数值、第一跖骨之间角度测量数值、第一跖骨远处关节面角度测量数值、足部功能评定数值,评定患者对手术治疗效果的主观十分满意及较为满意比例。结果 全部患者术后均愈合,愈合时间（5.96±1.10）周,术后均无明显并发症情况;手术之后12个月拇外翻角度测量数值、第一跖骨之间角度测量数值、第一跖骨远处关节面角度测量数值[（5.81±1.30）°、（6.10±1.45）°、（6.73±1.50）°]小于手术之前测量指标数据,数值测定结果之间差异有统计学意义（t=55.054、15.090、26.134,P <0.05）;手术之后12个月足部功能评定数值[（86.20±4.17）分]大于手术之前测量指标数据,数值测定结果之间差异有统计学意义（t=56.029,P=0.05...     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.