早期高压氧治疗对急性创伤性脊髓损伤患者疗效的影响

【目的】探讨早期高压氧（HBO）治疗对急性创伤性脊髓损伤（SCI）患者疗效的影响。【方法】将86例急性脊髓损伤患者随机分为早期HBO组（A组）28例、晚期HBO组（B组）32例及对照组（C组）26例。C组采取常规处理（包括脱水剂、皮质激素、神经营养药物、胃黏膜保护药物、康复训练、针灸以及对症支持治疗等）,A组患者在此基础上于SCI发生12h以内辅以HBO治疗,B组患者在此基础上于SCI发生3d以后辅以HB0治疗,于治疗前及治疗3个月后分别采用美国脊髓损伤协会（ASIA）评分、改良Barthel指数（MBI）及功能独立性评定量表（FIM）对患者进行测评。【结果】三组患者ASIA感觉、运动功能评分及MBI、FIM分值均较治疗前显著改善（P〈0．01）,组间治疗后ASIA感觉功能评分比较有显著差异（P〈0．01）,治疗后ASIA运动功能评分比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。治疗后各组间MBI及FIM分值比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。【结论】HBO能显著改善急性SCI患者脊髓功能、日常生活活动能力及独立能力,且越早开始治疗效果越好。     

水中平板步行训练对脊髓损伤患者康复疗效的初步观察

目的观察水中平板步行训练对脊髓损伤患者的康复疗效。方法对11例外伤性不完全性脊髓损伤患者进行水中平板步行训练等康复治疗，记录水中平板步行训练前后的ASIA运动评分、ASIA感觉评分。以及训练时的行走距离、最大步速和训练前后的日常生活活动能力（ADL）评分变化。结果经水中平板步行训练后，患者的ASIA感觉评分提高（P〈0．05），ASIA运动评分、行走距离、最大步速及ADL评分明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论在常规康复治疗基础上进行水中平板步行训练可改善不完全性脊髓损伤患者的运动、感觉功能及生活自理能力。     

重复经颅磁刺激对不完全性脊髓损伤患者的干预效果

目的 观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对不完全性脊髓损伤患者运动功能的影响.方法 22例T5~T12节段脊髓损伤患者(ASCI C级)随机分为rTMS 组和对照组.12例rTMS组患者于Cz部位给予磁刺激,并接受康复训练;10例对照组患者仅进行康复训练.治疗前后比较ASIA运动评分、轻触觉评分、针刺觉评分,抗重力体位双下肢主动关节活动度(ROM),脊髓损伤步行指数Ⅱ(WISCIⅡ)和功能独立性评定(FIM).结果 rTMS组和对照组患者治疗前临床评价指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组治疗后ASIA运动评分、双下肢ROM、FIM评分均有改善(P<0.05);rTMS组治疗后WISCIⅡ也有改善(P<0.05),且ASIA运动评分高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 rTMS可促进不完全性脊髓损伤患者的运动功能改善,提高步行功能.     

影响脊髓损伤患者出院日常生活活动能力的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响脊髓损伤（SCI）患者出院时日常生活活动（ADL）能力的相关因素。 方法对105例SCI患者进行分析,入选时收集每位患者病史,记录一般情况如性别、年龄、病因、损伤水平、损伤分级、受伤（发病）时间、手术时间、入院和出院时间等,并记录出院和入院时的改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分、美国脊髓损伤协会（ASIA）SCI积分,对影响患者出院时ADL能力的因素进行线性回归分析。 结果出院时,SCI患者ASIA运动评分、ASIA针刺觉评分、ASIA轻触觉评分和MBI评分均有改善,与入院时比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;多因素分析显示,SCI分级、入院时ASIA运动评分、入院时ASIA针刺觉评分等3个因素与出院时MBI评分密切相关,康复介入时间、康复疗程、入院时ASIA运动评分等3个因素与出入院MBI差值密切相关。 结论通过康复训练,各年龄阶段、不同损伤平面、不同损伤程度的SCI患者的ADL能力都可得到改善。入院时运动能力较好、康复疗程足够长、康复介入时间早的患者改善幅度也相对较大。     

美国脊髓损伤协会损伤分级与脊髓运动损伤程度的相关性研究

目的:探讨和比较美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)损伤分级与脊髓运动损伤程度的关系。方法:对43例脊髓损伤患者分别进行ASIA损伤分级、按肢体运动功能分级和ASIA运动评分,比较分级结果,并对ASIA损伤分级、按肢体运动功能分级和ASIA运动评分间的关系作等级相关分析。结果:ASIA-A级(完全性脊髓损伤)患者的按肢体运动功能分级存在差异。ASIA损伤分级与按肢体运动功能分级及ASIA运动评分的等级相关系数为0.578—0.809(P<0.01),而按肢体运动功能分级与ASIA运动评分的等级相关系数为0.970—0.999(P<0.01),相关程度存在差异。结论:ASIA损伤分级不能够完全反映脊髓运动损伤水平。     

磁刺激对脊髓损伤后运动功能障碍的疗效观察

目的:观察经颅磁刺激(TMS)联合经脊髓受损下端神经根磁刺激对不完全性脊髓损伤(SCI)患者运动功能障碍的治疗效果。方法:40例美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)损伤分级B~C级SCI患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。对照组接受常规康复治疗;观察组在此基础上加用磁刺激治疗。2组患者在治疗前后分别比较ASIA残损分级、ASIA运动评分、SCI步行指数Ⅱ(WISCIⅡ)和运动诱发电位(MEP)的潜伏期和波幅值。结果:治疗前后2组ASIA残损分级比较,差异均无统计学意义。治疗后,2组ASIA运动评分、WISCIⅡ分级均较治疗前明显提高(P0.05);观察组更优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后MEP检查结果显示,2组潜伏期与治疗前相比均明显缩短(P0.01,0.05),且观察组优于对照组(P0.05);治疗后2组波幅与治疗前相比均无显著统计学差异。结论:TMS联合经脊髓受损下端神经根磁刺激与康复训练可进一步促进不完全性SCI患者的脊髓运动功能的恢复,效果优于单纯康复训练。     

促红细胞生成素联合甲泼尼龙治疗急性脊髓损伤的临床研究

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)联合甲泼尼龙(MP)冲击治疗急性脊髓损伤(ASCI)的临床疗效.方法:30例ASCI患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组患者采用EPO联合MP治疗;对照组单用MP冲击治疗.分别于人院时及治疗后末次随访时对脊髓损伤程度按ASIA2000评分标准进行神经功能评定,观察两组差别;记录不良反应.结果:30例患者术后随访1～2年,平均1.7年,末次随访时治疗组患者ASIA残损分级,ASIA运动评分,皮肤感觉功能评分显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:EPO联合MP冲击治疗ASCI比单用MP治疗效果更佳.     

电针结合减重步行训练对急性脊髓损伤大鼠巢蛋白和神经生长因子表达的影响

摘要 目的：通过检测脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复情况和巢蛋白（nestin）、神经生长因子（NGF）的蛋白表达来探讨电针（EA）结合减重步行训练疗法（BWSTT）干预脊髓损伤（SCI）的作用。 方法：选用健康成年清洁级雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为假手术对照组（假手术组）、模型对照组(模型组)、电针治疗组(电针组)、电针结合减重步行训练治疗组（电针+训练组）。用美国NYU脊椎冲击损伤仪致大鼠T9—T10段脊髓急性中度损伤模型。BBB运动功能评分对大鼠后肢运动功能的恢复情况进行评估;免疫组织化学技术检测各时间点损伤段脊髓NGF和nestin的表达。 结果：与模型组相比,两治疗组BBB评分显著增加,电针结合减重步行训练组在术后第14天和第28天显著增加,与电针组比较具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。两治疗组脊髓损伤术后第14天和第28天NGF和Nestin的表达显著增加,但二者没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。 结论：①电针能够促进脊髓损伤大鼠内源性NGF和nestin的大量表达来促进神经再生。②电针结合减重步行训练对大鼠运动功能的恢复更为有效。     

自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗脊髓损伤的临床研究

目的：观察自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤患者的近期疗效及其安全性。方法：34例脊髓损伤患者,采用随机表法分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组16例,对照组18例,均经CT或MRI确诊并行手术或非手术治疗。两组在年龄、病程、损伤程度（ASIA分级）等方面均具有可比性（P＞0.05）。患者知情同意并签署知情同意书。治疗组在综合康复治疗的基础上给予自体骨髓单个核细胞（mononuclear cells,MNCs）治疗,经髂骨穿刺采集自体骨髓,分离提取骨髓单个核细胞后经静脉途径和／或蛛网膜下腔1次性或分次注射。对照组仅给予综合康复治疗。两组均于入院当天、治疗后第7、15、30、60、90天进行运动与感觉功能、日常生活活动能力、膀胱功能评定。结果：①治疗组感觉、运动和膀胱功能均有改善,但与对照组比较差异无显著性意义;②ASIA分级评定：治疗组共有5例患者在第90天评估中分别提高1—2级,对照组4例患者在第90天评估中分别提高1级;③MNCs移植的不良反应包括蛛网膜下腔移植后出现低热9例,头痛4例,腹胀1例;1例患者在注射后出现双下肢麻木、脑膜刺激征。经对症处理均于72h内消失。结论：自体骨髓MNCs移植治疗脊髓损伤近期有一定疗效而且安全,但远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

创伤与非创伤性脊髓损伤患者康复疗效评估

目的：比较创伤与非创伤性脊髓损伤患者的康复疗效。方法：采用配对纵向后的研究。非创伤性脊髓损伤组８６例，为脊髓损伤康复单元的患者，创伤性脊髓损伤患者８６例，为当地脊髓损伤治疗中心的患者。两组的年龄、神经损伤水平、及按美国脊髓损伤学会残疾分类情况无明显差异。评定指标：包括急性期及康复医院治疗时间、FIM评分、FIM的改变、FIM的效果、康复费用、出院回家情况。结果：与创伤性脊髓损伤患者相比，非创伤性脊髓损伤患者康复时间明显缩短（２２．３８d，４１．３５d，P＜０．０１），出院时的FIM评分（５７．３vs．６５…     

Clinical trial of acupuncture for patients with spinal cord injuries

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether electrical acupuncture therapy through adhesive surface electrodes and concomitant auricular acupuncture therapy could improve the neurologic or functional recovery in acute traumatic spinal cord injury patients. DESIGN: A total of 100 acute traumatic spinal cord injury patients with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment grading of A and B were recruited into this study. They were randomly divided into the acupuncture and control groups. In the acupuncture group, electrical acupuncture therapy via the adhesive surface electrodes were applied to the bilateral Hou Hsi (SI3) and Shen Mo (B62) acupoints. In auricular acupuncture, four acupoints related to the spinal cord were selected for stimulation at the antihelix, helix, and lower portion of the ear-back areas. Acupuncture therapy was initiated early in the emergency room setting or soon after spinal surgical intervention. Rehabilitation therapy was also provided to the patients during acupuncture therapy. In the control group, only rehabilitation therapy was provided to the patients. Neurologic and functional scores were assessed during the time of admission, hospital discharge, and 1-yr postinjury follow-up. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in neurologic (sensory and motor), functional, and FIM scores in the acupuncture group compared with the initial admission period when assessed during the time of hospital discharge and the 1-yr postinjury follow-up. A greater percentage of patients in the acupuncture group recovered to a higher ASIA impairment grading. CONCLUSION: The use of concomitant auricular and electrical acupuncture therapies, when implemented early in acute spinal cord injury, can contribute to significant neurologic and functional recoveries.     

Outcomes of early surgical management versus late or no surgical intervention after acute spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurologic, medical, and functional outcomes of patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing early (<24 h and 24-72 h) and late (>72 h) surgical spine intervention versus those treated nonsurgically. DESIGN: Retrospective case series comparing outcomes by surgical and nonsurgical groups during acute care, rehabilitation, and at 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Multicenter National Spinal Cord Injury Database. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients with acute, nonpenetrating, traumatic SCI from 1995 to 2000, admitted in the first 24 hours after injury. Surgical spinal intervention was likely secondary to nature of injury and the need for spinal stabilization. Interventions Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in neurologic outcomes (motor and sensory levels, motor index score, American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS]), medical complications (pneumonia and atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pressure ulcers, autonomic dysreflexia, rehospitalization), and functional outcomes (acute and rehabilitation length of stay [LOS], hospital charges, FIM instrument score, FIM motor efficiency scores). RESULTS: Subjects in the early surgery group were more likely ( P <.05) to be women, have paraplegia, and have SCI caused by motor vehicle collisions. The nonsurgical group was more likely ( P <.05) to have an older mean age and more incomplete injuries. ASIA motor index improvements (from admission to 1-y follow-up) were more likely ( P <.05) in the nonsurgical groups, as compared with the surgical groups. Those with late surgery had significantly ( P <.05) increased acute care and total LOS and hospital charges along with higher incidence of pneumonia and atelectasis. No differences between groups were found for changes in neurologic levels, AIS grade, or FIM motor efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: ASIA motor index improvements were noted in the nonsurgery group, though likely related to increased incompleteness of injuries within this group. Early versus late spinal surgery was associated with shorter LOS and reduced pulmonary complications, however, no differences in neurologic or functional improvements were noted between early or late surgical groups.     

Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To assess gender differences in neurologic and functional outcome measures in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Case series. SETTINGS: Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems (MSCIS) throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: People (N=14,433) admitted to an MSCIS within 30 days of injury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor index score, ASIA Impairment Scale, level of injury, and FIM instrument scores after SCI. RESULTS: When examining subjects grouped by severity of injury, changes in ASIA motor index total scores, from system admission to 1-year anniversary, were significantly greater for women than men with either complete ( P =.035) or incomplete ( P =.031) injuries. Functional comparison of men and women, using the FIM motor subscale, revealed that men had higher FIM motor scores at rehabilitation discharge among those with motor-complete injuries, except for those with C1-4 and C6 neurologic levels. Women with motor-incomplete high tetraplegia (C1-4 levels) had higher discharge FIM motor scores than did similarly afflicted men. There were no significant differences in FIM motor scores among men and women with other levels of motor incomplete SCI. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in SCI were seen in several areas. Women may have more natural neurologic recovery than men; however, for a given level and degree of neurologic injury, men tend to do better functionally than women at time of discharge from rehabilitation. Future prospective study of the effects of estrogen on neurologic recovery and the effects of gender on functional potential are recommended.     

Early rehabilitation effect for traumatic spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural course of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and the effect of early rehabilitation on it. DESIGN: A retrospective, multicenter study. SETTING: Sixteen Rosai hospitals and 1 medical school. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-three SCI patients (104 men, 19 women; mean age, 48.8 +/- 17.7yr) enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: Dividing the subjects into an early rehabilitation group and a delayed group; differences were ensured by international classification of SCI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classifications, the motor recovery rate (MRR) was defined as (ASIA motor score at discharge - ASIA motor score at admission)/(100 - ASIA motor score at admission). The regression lines for FIM instrument score and ASIA motor score were determined for 6 subgroups (early or delayed tetraplegia, central cord injury, paraplegia) by the MRR staging. The regression lines for physical or cognitive FIM score and ASIA motor score were also determined for 6 subgroups. RESULTS: Three stages were obtained: acute stage: 2 weeks postinjury; recovery stage: 2 weeks to 6 months postinjury; and chronic stage: more than 6 months postinjury. Regression lines showed that rehabilitation improved physical functional independence for ASIA motor score, especially in the early rehabilitation subgroups. There was no correlation between cognitive FIM score and ASIA motor score in 6 subgroups. CONCLUSION: Early SCI rehabilitation contributes to good physical activities of daily living for motor function.     

Biostep运动训练系统在腰髓完全性损伤患者康复训练中的应用

目的:研究在常规康复治疗的基础上,应用Biostep运动康复训练系统对腰髓完全性损伤患者进行运动训练的意义。方法:46例腰髓完全性损伤患者,随机分为Biostep训练组(治疗组)和常规康复训练组(对照组),每组各23例。两组患者均接受常规综合康复治疗,治疗组在此基础上,增加Biostep运动训练治疗。在治疗前和治疗2个月后对两组患者进行ASIA下肢运动评分、脊髓损伤步行指数Ⅱ(WISCIⅡ)、10m步行测试(10MWT)及功能独立性评定(FIM)。结果:两组治疗前后组内比较,治疗后ASIA运动评分、WISCIⅡ、10MWT和FIM评分均有明显提高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。治疗组在ASIA下肢运动评分、WISCIⅡ和10MWT方面改善均优于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:常规康复治疗辅以Biostep康复训练系统进行训练,对提高腰髓完全性损伤患者步行功能有重要意义。     

A multicenter investigation of age-related differences in lengths of stay, hospitalization charges, and outcomes for a matched tetraplegia sample.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of age at injury on lengths of stay, treatment costs, and outcomes using a matched sample of tetraplegic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. DESIGN: Differences were examined by separating the sample into three age categories (18 to 34, 35 to 64, and 65+ years old) matched for American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Motor Impairment Classification and level of neurologic preservation bilaterally. Analysis of variance was used to examine age group differences for lengths of stay, medical expenses, and functional outcome. SETTING: Sixteen medical centers in the federally sponsored Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Project. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred seventy-five adult patients with tetraplegic SCI admitted between 1988 and 1996 were assessed at acute care admission, inpatient rehabilitation admission, and inpatient rehabilitation discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ASIA Motor Index and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) admission, discharge, and efficiency scores; acute care and rehabilitation lengths of stay and medical care charges; and discharge disposition. RESULTS: Analyses revealed equivalent lengths of stay and charges for all age groups. There were no age-related differences in ASIA and FIM Motor scores at acute care and inpatient rehabilitation admission. Younger patients' scores on the FIM Motor subscale improved significantly more than did middle and older patients'. The two younger groups of patients had a more significant improvement than did older patients, as indicated by ASIA Motor Index scores. When taking lengths of stay into account, the FIM motor scores of the youngest group of patients improved more quickly than those of the two older groups. Furthermore, the younger and middle age groups demonstrated greater treatment efficiency than the older patient group based on ASIA Motor Index score ratios. Younger patients were least likely to be discharged to institutional settings. CONCLUSIONS: Along with neurologic and functional status, age should be considered when formulating treatment plans and prognostic statements. For older patients, alternative rehabilitation settings with lower-intensity treatment and lower charges may prove to be a more efficacious use of resources.     

神经肌肉电刺激辅助治疗脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱的临床探析

目的：探讨神经肌肉电刺激辅助治疗脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱（NB）的临床疗效。方法将72例脊髓损伤NB患者随机分为电刺激组和常规组各36例。常规组仅接受康复治疗结合膀胱训练等常规治疗,观察组在常规组治疗基础上辅助接受神经肌肉电刺激治疗。比较两组治疗后的总有效率、24 h排尿次数、每次排尿量、残余尿量以及神经功能评分（ASIA评分）。结果治疗后观察组的总有效率、24 h 排尿次数、每次排尿量、残余尿量方面均优于常规组[分别为97.2％ vs.55.6％,（5.1±1.2）次vs （8.3±2.2）次,（189.9±11.4）ml vs （145.3±10.8）ml,（90.2±2.4） ml vs （110.1±3.3）ml,均为P＜0.05]。两组的ASIA评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组均无发生明显不良反应。结论神经肌肉电刺激辅助治疗能明显改善脊髓损伤NB患者临床症状,有利于患者康复,是一种治疗NB的好的辅助疗法。     

Testosterone replacement therapy and motor function in men with spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate motor function in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) given testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). DESIGN: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) rehabilitation discharge motor index scores were compared between men with SCI given TRT (testosterone cypionate, 200 mg, monthly; n = 50) and a comparison group (n = 480) in a retrospective study. Covariates included admission motor and FIM scores, level of injury (paraplegia/tetraplegia), days since injury, and age. RESULTS: ASIA discharge motor scores for ASIA impairment scale grades C and D were significantly different (P < 0.05) in men with incomplete SCI given TRT, relative to the comparison group. The covariate-adjusted mean discharge score for the TRT group was higher than for the comparison group. There were no significant differences in discharge FIM scores (P = 0.34) for men with incomplete injuries and no differences in the adjusted discharge ASIA motor scores (P = 0.92) or adjusted discharge FIM scores (P = 0.16) for men with complete injuries. CONCLUSION: The data support a relationship between TRT and strength gains in men with residual motor function after SCI. Prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings.