陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术中大小直径股骨头的早期比较

[目的]分析陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术中分别应用不同直径的股骨头的临床效果,并作相应的比较.[方法]2008年9月～2009年10月,本院共施行136例(157髋)陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术,其中男59例(68髋),女77例(89髋),年龄27～81岁(平均61.3岁);均采用德国LINK BetaCupTm复合陶瓷界面非骨水泥压配固定髋臼系统进行全髋关节置换;术前诊断显示股骨头缺血性坏死76髋,发育性髋关节脱位46髋,骨关节炎15髋,强直性脊柱炎11髋,类风湿性关节炎3髋,股骨颈骨折GardenⅣ型6髋.术中根据髋臼磨挫直径大小选择相应的股骨头假体(直径分别为28,32,36 mm),根据股骨头假体的直径大小分为3组,Ф28 mm组69髋,(Ф32 mm组31髋,Ф36 mm组57髋,通过术前及术后的Harris评分了解髋关节功能及疼痛的改善情况.[结果]随访时间12～18个月(平均16.2个月),(Ф28 mm、Ф32 mm、Ф36 mm股骨头术前Harris总评分、疼痛评分、功能评分、活动范围评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05),术后Harris总评分、疼痛评分、功能评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05),每组术后Harris评分较术前明显改善(P<0.05),股骨头直径越大术后活动范围改善就越明显(P<0.05).[结论]陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术股骨头直径的选择对术后疼痛的缓解差异性并无影响,但在髋关节活动范围改善方面大直径的球头要优于小直径的球头.陶瓷-陶瓷全髋关节置换术对手术技术及患者自身条件的要求较高,不可盲目追求大直径而忽略髋臼的实际承载条件.     

全髋关节置换术与双极人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的观察全髋关节置换术与双极人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的效果。方法选择2014-06—2016-01间永城市中心医院收治的70例股骨头缺血性坏死患者。随机分为2组,每组35例。全髋组行全髋关节置换术,双极组实施双极人工股骨头置换术。观察2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、假体松动等并发症发生率。依据人工全髋关节疗效评分标准(Harris评分)评价2组患者手术效果。结果双极组手术时间短于全髋组,术中出血量少于全髋组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访1~2 a,其间全髋组假体松动等并发症发生率低于双极组,末次随访Harris评分高于双极组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与双极人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死相比,全髋关节置换术远期效果好,并发症发生率低。应根据患者具体病情合理选择手术方案,以利于提高手术效果和改善患者术后生活质量。     

大直径股骨头假体全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨大直径股骨头假体全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的临床效果。方法 2007年6月至2009年6月,行大直径股骨头假体全髋关节置换术治疗36例股骨头缺血性坏死患者,男25例,女11例;年龄36岁～62岁,平均52.5岁。手术前后记录患者的Harris评分,术后进行X线检查及主观满意度调查,手术前后及随访时检测患者肾功能。结果全部获得随访,随访时间6～30个月,平均19个月。随访X线检查示假体位置良好。Harris评分由术前的30～58分,平均45.5分,改善为术后的72～94分,平均90.2分,优良率为97.2%,总体满意率为97.2%。手术前后肾功能无明显变化。结论大直径股骨头假体全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的短、中期疗效较好。     

全髋关节置换术治疗人工股骨头置换术后并发症的临床分析

目的：探讨人工股骨头置换术后个髋翻修及效果。方法：于2002年4月～2003年10月对143例股骨头置换术后并发疼痛、松动、中心型脱位患者行全髋关节翻修术。结果：随访8个月～2年,术后髋关节功能依据Harris评分法,优31例,良9例,中3例,优良率93．02％。结论：本髋关节翻修术是治疗人工股骨头置换术后并发疼痛、松动、脱位的有效方法,效果可靠。     

全髋关节表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死近期结果

目的 对全髋表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死的近期疗效作一小结，了解影响疗效的因素。方法 自2000年10月～2004年12月，对15例18髋FicatⅢ、Ⅳ期股骨头坏死进行了全髋关节表面置换术，平均年龄39岁（23～49岁）。手术方法按照Amstutz和Nelson提出的标准方法进行，术后进行定期随访。结果 平均随访3．5年（6～50个月），无股骨颈骨折、无脱位、无感染。1例髋臼假体周围发现有透亮带，1例因股骨头假体位置不佳已行翻修。术前平均Harris评分30分，术后为90分，最近一次随访平均评分93分（89～98分）。评价：优16髋，良1髋，差1髋。结论全髋关节表面置换术是治疗FicatⅢ、Ⅳ期且年龄较轻股骨头缺血性坏死的有效方法，近期随访结果满意。     

髋关节表面置换术与大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术短期临床效果的比较

目的探讨髋关节表面置换术与大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术两种手术方法的优势并比较两者的短期疗效。方法从2006年1月至2007年12月，笔者对年轻活跃的髋关节疾病患者进行随机分组，分别对79例患者（85髋）行髋关节表面置换术，同期对128例患者（145髋）进行大直径股骨头初次全髋关节置换术，患者平均年龄54.7岁（39-69岁）；男119例，女111例，术前诊断包括股骨头缺血性坏死（24，29例），发育性髋关节发育不良（26，51例），强直性脊柱炎（9，14例），髋关节骨性关节炎（20，34例）。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口长度、输血比例以及术后深静脉血栓、术后脱位和感染的发生率，同时分别评估两组患者Harris髋关节评分。结果两组患者在术中出血量，输血比例，使用的股骨头直径，术后髋关节脱位发生率，下肢深静脉血栓发生率以及术后6个月髋关节活动度方面无显著差异。大直径股骨头全髋关节组患者在手术时间，手术切口长度的比较上优于髋关节表面置换组，差异有显著意义。两组患者Harris评分均较术前有显著改善。结论髋关节表面置换术和大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术在年轻髋关节疾患患者中都能获得满意的近期效果，近期效果的比较中显示大直径股骨头全髋关节置换术在手术时间，手术切口长度上具有优势；而髋关节表面置换术在保留骨量和患者运动功能恢复上具有优势。其远期结果有待于进一步的随访。     

全髋关节置换术治疗人工股骨头置换术后并发症的临床分析

目的：探讨人工股骨头置换术后全髋翻修及效果。方法：于2005年4月-2007年10月对43例股骨头置换术后并发疼痛、松动、中心型脱位患者行全髋关节翻修术。结果：随诊8月～2年,术后髅关节功能依据Harris评分法,优31例,良9例,可3例,优良率93．02％。结论：全髋关节翻修术是治疗人工股骨头置换术后并发疼痛、松动、脱位的有效方法,效果可靠。     

一期全髋关节置换术治疗双侧股骨头缺血性坏死

目的 探讨一期全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗双侧股骨头缺血性坏死（ANFH）的可行性及疗效.方法 自1999年2月～2004年1月,25例双侧ANFH采用一期THA治疗.年龄34～61岁,平均45.6岁.术前Harris评分平均46分（34～62分）.结果 手术时间4.5～6.0 h,平均5.2 h,术中出血600～1300ml,平均880 ml,术中输血800～1400ml,平均1120 ml.X线平片示假体位置良好.25例术后平均随访16个月,关节功能Harris评分平均83分（78～86分）.结论 应用一期THA治疗双侧ANFH安全且近期疗效满意,值得推广应用.同时应注意把握手术适应证.     

大直径股骨头金属-金属人工全髋关节置换术的中期疗效

目的探讨大直径股骨头金属-金属人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的中期疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年4月—2010年6月收治并接受大直径金属-金属THA治疗40例(43髋)患者临床资料。其中男18例(20髋),女22例(23髋);年龄20～85岁,平均55.1岁。单髋37例,双髋3例。股骨头缺血性坏死14例(15髋),原发性骨关节炎6例(7髋),类风湿性关节炎4例(4髋),股骨颈骨折4例(4髋),先天性髋关节发育不良12例(13髋)。术前髋关节Harris评分为(38.51±5.62)分,美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)评分为(4.21±1.43)分,疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为(6.78±0.95)分。结果患者均获随访,随访时间6.7～8.3年,平均7.5年。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无神经、血管损伤以及感染、关节脱位等并发症发生。末次随访时,Harris评分为(93.33±3.21)分、UCLA评分为(7.32±1.45)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t=51.753,P=0.000;t=23.232,P=0.000)。术后3例(3髋)发生大腿疼痛,其中1例出现软组织炎性假瘤。X线片复查示,髋臼外展角及前倾角分别为(46.5±3.2)、(14.8±3.6)°;股骨柄假体初始稳定质量按照Mulliken标准评定,获优39髋、良4髋。随访期间,2髋发生骨溶解,其中1髋继发假体松动行翻修术;其余患者假体无松动、下沉。结论大直径股骨头金属-金属THA治疗髋关节终末疾病中期疗效良好。     

全髋关节表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死的Meta分析

目的通过综合分析已发表文献,探讨全髋关节表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死的效果及安全性。方法通过系统检索从1990年1月到2011年12月全髋关节表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死的相关文献,按照排除标准筛选后,提取需要的数据,通过循证医学Meta分析方法,加权汇总分析。结果共检出192篇相关文献检出,经过三个阶段的筛选,共有10篇被纳入分析,共有317例患者,376例髋关节,男性患者191例,女性126例,平均加权年龄为41.98岁（16～77岁）,加权平均随访时间36.69个月（6～140个月）。术后的髋关节Harris评分（92分）较术前（44分）的差异有统计学意义（t=18.07,P〈0.01）。主要并发症包括假体无菌性松动（1.06%）、异位骨化（0.80%）、疼痛（0.80%）和股骨颈骨折（0.27%）,最终翻修率为0.80%。结论全髋关节表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死是安全有效的,但需要注意其并发症。     

Kinetically critical sites of femoral head roughening for wear rate acceleration in total hip arthroplasty

Polyethylene wear acceleration from (scratching) damage to the femoral head is a recognized hazard from constructs prone to generate third-body debris, but the phenomenon is nebulous and therefore often is subordinated to more direct and immediate considerations. To help delineate tangible quantitative relationships between counterface roughening and accelerated polyethylene wear, an experimentally validated sliding-distance-coupled finite element model of total hip replacement wear was adapted to incorporate regions of localized femoral head roughening. This computational formulation was used systematically to identify the sites on the femoral head for which a given severity of local roughening (parameterized in terms of roughening patch size and tribologic wear coefficient) was most consequential in terms of elevated polyethylene wear. Two such sites, of nominally comparable kinetic importance, were consistently evident throughout a wide range of roughening severities. These critical sites were located quasi-superiorly near the sagittal midline of the head, one slightly anterior and one slightly posterior of the coronal midline.     

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated with cementless total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: The treatment of young patients who have osteonecrosis of the femoral head associated with collapse or substantial secondary degeneration remains a therapeutic challenge, with total hip arthroplasty being a treatment of choice. However, concerns about the durability of the results of hip arthroplasty in this population necessitate long-term evaluation of this treatment option. To determine its advantages and limitations, we evaluated the results of cementless total hip arthroplasty in a consecutive series of young patients with advanced osteonecrosis. METHODS: We reviewed the results of fifty-five consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties, after an average of 117 months of follow-up, in forty-five patients with a preoperative diagnosis of advanced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (Ficat and Arlet stage III or IV). The average age was thirty-one years (range, twenty-one to forty years) at the time of the operation. We collected data prospectively with the use of patient questionnaires and radiographs. RESULTS: Five patients died and one patient was lost to follow-up before the time of the minimum five-year follow-up; this left forty-eight hips in thirty-nine patients for inclusion in the study. Ten (21 percent) of the forty-eight hips required revision. No revisions were due to aseptic failure of the femoral component. Of the remaining twenty-nine patients (thirty-eight hips), twenty-seven (93 percent) reported few or no functional limitations and twenty-three (79 percent) could walk an unlimited distance at the time of the latest follow-up. Pain was absent or mild in twenty-five patients (86 percent). Twenty-three patients (79 percent) were employed full-time. Radiographically, thirty-seven femoral components (97 percent) were bone-ingrown and the remaining component was judged to be fibrous stable. All thirty-eight acetabular components were bone-ingrown. CONCLUSIONS: Cementless total hip arthroplasty remains a reasonable treatment option for advanced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Wear of the bearing surface continues to limit the long-term success rate, but we are encouraged by the predictable long-term stability of the bone-implant interface achieved with cementless fixation. These results compare favorably with those of published reports of total hip arthroplasty with cement in younger patients with osteonecrosis.     

一期人工全髋关节置换治疗股骨头粉碎性骨折

目的探讨一期人工全髋关节置换治疗股骨头粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法对11例股骨头粉碎性骨折患者行人工全髋关节置换术。结果11例均获随访,时间3～41（28±4.5）个月。6例基本达到骨折前的状况,5例生活基本自理。根据Harris评分标准：优（93±2.6分）6例,良（86±2.2分）5例。结论一期人工全髋关节置换治疗股骨头粉碎性骨折患者疗效满意,可减少并发症,改善生活质量。     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty with femoral head bone grafting for hip dysplasia

Femoral head bone grafting was required to augment acetabular bone stock in 19 cases of hip dysplasia treated with cementless total hip arthroplasty. All acetabular grafts provided mechanical support for the cementless acetabular component. Radiographic evaluation of the fixation of the femoral components at an average of 3 years after surgery revealed an optimum appearance in all cases. All porous-coated acetabular components remained stable, but only one of six (17%) nonporous threaded acetabular components maintained stability. One threaded acetabular component has been revised for symptomatic loosening. Acetabular graft healing was suspected in 18 of 19 cases (95%). Significant graft resorption was observed only in the cases with unstable threaded acetabular components. The clinical scores were high. Cementless total hip arthroplasty with structural acetabular grafting and porous acetabular components appears to produce satisfactory short-term results.     

Fracture of the femoral head after ceramic-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty

Four of 184 ceramic femoral heads that the authors used in total hip arthroplasty fractured from 5 to 9 months after surgery. A polyethylene-lined acetabular component was used in all cases. The fracture rate, 2.2%, was much higher than previously reported for ceramic head fractures when used with a polyethylene cup. The fractures occurred during normal daily activities. Possible causes included manufacturing defects, neck length (short in all cases), bearing diameter (28 mm in all cases), cone-trunnion mismatch, excess hoop stresses from impaction, or material deterioration. All patients were treated by removal of debris, wide excision of capsular tissue containing tiny abrasive fragments, exchange of the modular polyethylene liner, and implantation of a cobalt—chrome femoral head. The trunnion had been somewhat damaged by relatively brief exposure to the ceramic particles in every case. The authors' experience suggests that ceramic femoral heads be used with caution.     

Alternatives to total hip arthroplasty in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

While THA can provide excellent relief and functional return for patients with osteonecrosis, it is important to establish an early and accurate diagnosis and develop a treatment paradigm to seek surgical alternatives to THA for treatment of this condition.     

非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效观察

[目的]对使用非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的患者进行临床及影像学随访,探讨其疗效、并发症及其影响因素。[方法]选取2000年3月~2007年11月以来因股骨头缺血性坏死在本院行非骨水泥全髋关节置换术并具有完整临床及影像资料的76例(91髋)患者进行随访。临床随访包括术前术后Harris评分及各种并发症。影像学评估包括双侧髋关节正位、患髋侧位片,判断股骨及髋臼假体的位置及其周围骨质的变化,并测量髋臼内衬线性磨损量。[结果]截至末次随访时,68例(82髋)获得随访,随访率为90.1%,随访时间平均为48.8个月。术前Harris评分平均为42分(5~86分),末次随访时为93分(53~99分),优良率为90.2%。术后1例患者发生与活动相关的大腿痛,影像学上9髋股骨假体发生早期不稳定,14髋发生应力遮挡,5髋发生异位骨化。无假体松动或翻修病例。[结论]非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头缺血性坏死疗效确切,但存在一过性大腿痛、应力遮挡、异位骨化、假体磨损等并发症,故需长期随访。     

Second-generation cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

The results of cementless total hip arthroplasties in patients with osteonecrosis have been inferior to those in patients with other diagnoses. Fifty-eight primary total hip arthroplasties with insertion of a femoral stem with a circumferentially proximal porous coating and a cementless acetabular component were followed for a mean of 11.1 years. Fifty-seven (98%) of 58 stems were biologically stable, and one stem was loose. There were acetabular revisions in 18 hips (31%) because of polyethylene wear and osteolysis. One hip (1.7%) underwent revision of both acetabular and femoral components. Osteolysis around the acetabular component was seen on radiographs in 22 hips (37.9%). Femoral osteolysis was seen in 9 hips (15.5%), and there was no osteolysis below the lesser trochanter in any hip. Second-generation femoral prostheses provide excellent fixation in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, a high rate of polyethylene wear and osteolysis in these high-risk patients remains a challenging problem.     

非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中期疗效评估

目的对使用非骨水泥型假体行全髋关节置换术(totalhiparthroplasty,THA)治疗的股骨头缺血性坏死患者进行术后中期的影像学及临床评估,回顾性研究非骨水泥型假体的疗效及其影响因素。方法对1998年1月至2001年3月,采用非骨水泥型假体行THA治疗的股骨头缺血性坏死患者71例(80髋)进行至少5年的随访。临床评估以Harris评分为标准。影像学评估根据术后随访时骨盆正位与髋关节正、侧位X线片,观察髋臼、股骨假体的位置及其周围骨质的改变,并测量臼杯内衬的磨损速度、磨损方向。假体的生存率采用Kaplan-Meier分析,分别以髋臼、股骨假体的无菌性松动和任何原因所致的翻修为终点。结果共54例(62髋)患者获得至少5年的随访,术前Harris评分平均为(44.0±8.4)分(21～50分),终末随访时平均为(92.4±5.7)分(78～100分)。截至末次随访时无一例翻修或表现为影像学无菌性松动。1髋出现骨盆局灶性骨溶解,12髋出现股骨局灶性骨溶解。聚乙烯内衬平均线性磨损率为(0.125±0.074)mm/年。Kaplan-Meier分析假体生存率为1.0(95%可信区间,0.98～1.00)。结论多孔涂层非骨水泥型假体可为晚期股骨头缺血性坏死患者提供良好的中期固定及临床效果。然而,因为聚乙烯髋臼的磨损不可避免及假体周围骨溶解等潜在因素的存在,长期效果仍须进一步随访。