护理本科实习生对临床带教老师教学行为体验的质性研究

[目的]通过对护理专业本科生的实习体验分析,了解临床护理带教老师有效教学行为及缺陷教学行为的特征.[方法]采用质性研究方法,对10名本科临床实习护生进行焦点团体访谈,访谈资料录音后逐句整理并进行归纳性分析.[结果]获取包含临床老师有效和缺陷教学行为的4个主题：尊重与包容行为、个人言行与性格、日常护理行为展示、教学态度与水平.[结论]临床护理老师有效教学行为,可以增进师生之间的感情,促进护生学习与成长,是确保护理教学质量的基础;而缺陷教学行为则会影响护生对护理专业形象、职业情感及知识技能的理解和掌握.     

微格教学在护理本科生临床教师培训中的实践与效果

目的评价微格教学法在护理本科生临床教师培训中的实践与效果。方法采用微格教学法对204名护理本科生临床教师进行培训,包括护理本科生临床教师的试讲及采用情景模拟法、角色扮演法正式授课等内容;培训结束后,比较前后教师角色压力、有效教学行为及教学技能。结果微格教学实施后,护理本科生临床教师角色压力水平降低、有效临床教学行为得分提高(P0.01或P0.05),临床教学技能明显提高(P0.01)。结论微格教学能在短时间内有效降低护理本科生临床教师的角色压力,提高其有效临床教学行为及教学技能,是一种快速有效的护理本科生临床教师培训方法,值得临床借鉴。     

护理毕业生留职意愿与心理韧性的调查研究：基于潜在剖面分析

目的了解护理毕业生留职意愿的潜在类别及其与心理韧性等的关系。方法采用便利抽样法选取河南省郑州市和广东省广州市两所高校共466名护理毕业生为研究对象,采用中文版护士留职意愿问卷及10条目心理韧性量表(Connor-Davidson resilience scale, CD-RISC-10)对其进行调查,针对护理毕业生的留职意愿进行潜在剖面分析,并进行多项式Logistic回归分析探讨护理毕业生留职意愿的潜在类别与心理韧性等的关系。结果护理毕业生留职意愿分为"高留职意愿组"(36.9%),"中留职意愿组"(53.1%),"低留职意愿组"(9.0%)三个潜在类别;有无崇拜的护理前辈、实习体验及心理韧性水平对护理毕业生的潜在剖面分类有预测作用(均P0.05)。结论护理毕业生留职意愿有三个潜在类别,心理韧性、有无崇拜的护理前辈、实习体验有助于预测其分类。     

护理专业大专学生对临床教师有效教学行为认知的调查研究

目的了解护理专业大专学生对临床教师有效教学行为的认知。方法采用Knox及Mogan设计的临床教师有效教学行为问卷(NCTEI)对191名护理专业二年级大专学生进行调查。结果护理专业大专学生认为,"教学能力"是临床教师最重要的行为特征,"个性特征"重要性相对最低。结论临床教师应根据学生的需求,关注自身教学行为,以提高临床教学质量。     

师生所认同的临床护理教师有效特征的比较研究

目的探讨临床护理教师与实习护生所认同的，临床护理教师有效特征。方法运用美国Brown（1981）设计的临床教师特征量表（CTCI），对68名临床护理教师与77名临床实习的护生进行问卷调查及对临床护理教师有效特征进行评估。通过统计分析，比较教师与学生的有效特征分数。结果20条项目评分的均值大于3分，临床护理教师与护生对临床教师有效特征总评分经相关检验差异有统计学意义；真诚对待患者及关怀患者、信任尊重学生、知识丰富并能将知识传授给学生被认为是临床护理教师前3项最有效特征。有效特征3项分类方差分析，在本专业能力、师生关系和个性中差异有统计学意义。结论探讨，临床护理教师与实习护生所认同的临床教师有效特征，是为了更好地促进临床护理教学，协调师生关系，有助于临床带教质量的全面提升。     

全国高等院校护理教师教学培训需求现状及影响因素分析

目的调查我国高等院校护理教师教学培训需求现状及影响因素。方法本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样法, 选取全国1 032名高等院校护理教师为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表和护理教师培训现状及需求调查表对其进行调查。采用多重线性回归分析探讨全国高等院校护理教师教学培训需求的影响因素。本研究共发放问卷1 032份, 回收有效问卷1 032份, 有效回收率为100.0%。结果 1 032名护理教师中, 80.9%(835/1 032)接受过教学培训。高等院校护理教师对课程与课程设计、临床教学特点与方法、教学评价(课程、学生、教师)、教育学理论及在护理教育中的应用、教学设计与教案书写、专科护理发展与临床教师核心能力培养、临床带教方法与技巧和常用教学方法与教学技术8个方面的教学培训需求均较高。院校工作年限、职称和学历是高等院校护理教师教学培训需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论全国高等院校护理教师的教学培训需求较高, 需开展全面、针对性的教学培训以提升整体教学水平。     

临床护理教师职业倦怠与教学正念、教学效能的关系研究

目的 了解临床护理教师职业倦怠现状并探讨其影响因素,为进一步探索有效的干预措施提供参考。方法 2020年7月至8月采用一般资料调查表、职业倦怠量表、教学正念量表、临床实习指导教师自我效能量表对广州市3所三级甲等医院219名临床护理教师进行调查。结果 临床护理教师职业倦怠得分为(2.64±0.42)分,教学正念得分为(3.59±0.45)分,教学效能感得分为(3.53±0.71)分,临床护理教师职业倦怠与教学正念、教学效能感呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。多元线性回归显示,对教学工作的兴趣、教学正念、教学效能感是临床护理教师职业倦怠的影响因素。结论 临床护理教师职业倦怠问题不容忽视,护理管理者应培养临床护理教师对教学工作的兴趣,制订措施提高教学正念和教学效能感,预防和减轻其职业倦怠,从而提高临床教学质量。     

护理本科生实习后期个人职业生涯规划状况调查

[目的]探讨本科护生实习后个人职业生涯规划的状况及相关影响因素.[方法]用自行设计的调查问卷对广州市3所三级甲等医院实习后期的84名护理本科护生进行个人职业生涯规划的调查.[结果]实习后期护理本科护生的个人职业生涯规划均分为3.57分;17.86%的护生认为个人职业生涯规划是很有必要的,仅3.57%和2.38%的护生非常清楚个人职业生涯规划的内容和如何进行个人职业生涯规划;不同志愿选择护理专业、职业规划相关知识学习与否、毕业后从事护理工作不同意愿3个方面护生个人职业生涯规划得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]实习后期护理本科护生个人职业生涯规划状况呈中等满意程度.志愿选择、职业规划知识的学习、从事护理工作的意愿对实习本科护生个人职业生涯规划状况有一定影响.     

护理本科生职业生涯规划与专业认同的关系研究

目的调查护理本科生职业生涯规划与专业认同现状,并分析职业生涯规划对专业认同的影响。方法采用一般资料问卷、护理本科生专业认同问卷、大学生职业生涯规划问卷,对广州市5所高校的900名全日制护理本科生进行调查。结果护理本科生专业认同得分为(84.33±10.19)分,个人职业生涯规划得分为(78.76±11.44)分,二者呈正相关(r=0.196,P0.001)。多元线性回归分析显示,个人职业生涯规划中的自我提升和职业探索维度、从事护理工作的意愿、学校和教师给予的就业指导是护理本科生专业认同的影响因素。结论学校和教师给予的就业指导对护理本科生的专业认同有正性影响,提高护理本科生的个人职业生涯规划能力有助于提高其专业认同水平。     

叙事护理教学中教师与学生的体验研究

目的 了解护理专业本科生和教师参与叙事护理教学中的真实体验和看法,为完善叙事护理教学提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样方法,深入访谈了参与过叙事护理教学的7名护理专业教师及25名护理专业学生,运用内容分析法对访谈资料进行整理分析。结果 提炼出5个主题：提升兴趣与开阔思路的融合;真实感与人文情怀的碰撞;职业认同与素养的共育;多元探索与灵活应用的协同;对叙事教学实施过程困难的感知。结论 叙事护理教学丰富了课堂的教学形式,给师生带来积极体验;但教师还需要从教学适用内容、教学重点及师生负担方面的消极体验着手,进一步完善叙事护理教学,从而进一步推进叙事护理教育的推广与应用。     

护生自由选择临床带教老师的实践

目的:营造和谐的临床带教氛围,提高教学质量。方法:让护生根据带教老师书写的"个人带教风格"进行选择;检验开展的效果,进行绩效考评奖励。结果:护生对带教老师"个人带教风格"相符性的综合评价优良率达98.86%;科室对带教老师"个人带教风格"落实的综合评价优良率达96.25%;护生出科考核综合成绩优良率达96.66%;护生对带教老师满意度由82%上升到98%,带教老师对护生的满意度由80%上升到96%。结论:自由选择带教老师是营造和谐的临床带教氛围,融洽师生关系,提高护理临床教学质量,实现教、学、护相长的有效措施。     

Graduate students as preceptors: Effects on clinical teaching outcomes of medical nursing

PurposeTo explore the feasibility of using graduate students as preceptors in the clinical education of medical nursing students.MethodsFive second-year graduate nursing students were recruited to participate in the clinical teaching of medical nursing for 38 undergraduates in the first semester of the 2010–2011 academic year, divided into two groups. The first group first received clinical teaching in caring for respiratory diseases from graduate preceptors for six weeks followed by clinical teaching in caring for circulatory diseases from nurse preceptors for six weeks. The second group received clinical teaching in the reverse order, from the nurse preceptors followed by the graduate student preceptors. Following training, all students were examined with a written test and scores were compared. In addition, review meetings were held to evaluate the teaching outcomes.ResultsNo significant differences in test scores were observed between the two teaching groups. Undergraduate student feedback indicated that the training provided by the graduate students was satisfactory, and the medical nursing course leader was satisfied with the teaching outcome with a few exceptions.ConclusionThese data indicate that graduate students are capable of training undergraduates in medical nursing, although some areas can be improved.     

临床护理教师带教工作中获得回报、支持与压力的调查

目的了解临床护理教师在带教工作中获得的回报、支持、压力情况,为提高带教效果提供参考。方法采用临床护理教师现状调查量表对北京市某三级综合性教学医院的临床护理教师进行调查。结果临床护理教师认同度较高的项目为带教能增加专业知识及个人成就感、护理管理者、科室总带教、护士长及病房同事给了;很大帮助;认同度较低的项目为带教能增加晋升机会、物质奖励、休假时间、临床护理教师在带教期间的工作量适当;认为压力主要来自于带教时间不充足、额外责任较大等。结论临床护理带教老师能够在带教过程中获得支持和回报,但要进一步对临床护理教师的晋升机会、物质奖励、休假时间、带教机会、承担工作量等方面进行调整,更好地满足带教老师的需求,提高带教效果。     

Insights on the Clinical Teaching Needs of Nurse Practitioner Preceptors

Preceptors for nurse practitioner (NP) students are vital in the educational process. Many preceptors have not had formal education regarding their teaching and learning responsibilities. A survey of NP preceptors was conducted at a national NP conference to identify specific development/training and resource needs and to determine the extent to which preceptors were using structured clinical teaching methods. The survey findings indicated that the overwhelming majority of preceptors had not attended preceptor development/training along with one third not feeling prepared to teach NP students. Preceptors identified and used unstructured teaching methods more commonly than structured methods that improve educational outcomes.     

A web-based clinical pedagogy program to promote professional development for nurse preceptors: A quasi-experimental study

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of a web-based clinical pedagogy program on nurse preceptors’ clinical teaching competency, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward web-based learning in comparison to face-to-face course.BackgroundPreceptorship is a dynamic educational process that requires designing, and implementing various teaching strategies, evaluation, assessment and feedback. Web-based learning has been recognized as an effective learning approach for nursing professional development.DesignA prospective quasi-experimental approach with two-group pre-test and post-test repeated measures was adopted.MethodsThe web-based clinical pedagogy program was provided to the preceptors in the experimental group, while control group received the face-to-face preceptorship course. Clinical Teaching Competence Inventory (CTCI), Preceptor Self-efficacy Assessment Instrument (PSEQ), and Attitudes toward Web-based Continuing Learning Survey (AWCLS) were used to evaluate preceptors’ learning outcomes. Data were collected at three time points – before, immediately after the learning program, and after 6 months of the clinical teaching experience.ResultsA total of 150 nurses (75 participants/group) were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Singapore from July 2018 to June 2020. The results from the repeated measures analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant interaction effect (group x time) on the overall CTCI score after adjusting for covariate (F = 5.390, p = 0.005). However, there were no significant interaction effect (group x time) on PSEQ (F = 2.693, p = 0.070) and overall AWCLS score (F = 1.341, p = 0.264) between the two groups across the three time points.ConclusionThe web-based clinical pedagogy program produced outcomes comparable to the face-to-face program in terms of preceptors’ clinical teaching competence and self-efficacy. The innovative and cost-effective web-based clinical pedagogy program provided professional development and the flexibility to accommodate preceptors’ busy work schedules. Online learning has become increasingly popular during the COVID-19 pandemic and the web-based clinical pedagogy program was implemented when face-to-face workshop was not feasible.     

Problem-based learning in clinical nursing education: integrating theory and practice

Over the last few decades, nursing education in Sweden has undergone many changes in its length, content, and academic level. Pedagogical developments have occurred, but not as much change has taken place in the clinical part of education. Therefore, a project was initiated to improve students' integrated learning, ability to actively search for knowledge, reflect critically, and to improve the clinical learning environment, during the clinical training part of the undergraduate nursing program at a Swedish university. This was accomplished through applying problem-based learning (PBL), supporting reflection, applying a new model for supervision, and supporting nursing preceptors. The project was carried out during clinical studies in acute care in the second year of a nursing undergraduate program. The aim of this study was to describe nursing students' and their preceptors' experiences of problem-based learning and a new model for supervision in clinical education. A total of 45 students and 30 preceptors participated by answering a questionnaire and an interview. The findings showed that the project overall was perceived positively by students and preceptors. The possibility for supervised reflection was perceived as positive by both students and preceptors, although it sometimes was difficult for preceptors to set aside time. Research-based knowledge was rarely used in clinical teaching.     

临床护理带教老师职业获益感的调查与分析

目的 了解临床护理带教老师职业获益感的现状,分析影响临床护理带教老师职业获益感的相关因素,为提出相应措施提高其职业获益感提供参考.方法 采用便利抽样的方法,使用Dibert的临床带教老师职业获益感量表和自编一般资料问卷对广州市4所三级甲等综合医院临床护理带教老师1 17人进行调查,并对调查结果进行分析.结果 临床护理带教老师职业获益感的总得分为（63.64±9.93）分,低于国外的调查结果;不同科室临床护理带教老师职业获益感评分比较差异有统计学意义;内科护理带教老师职业获益感的条目均分高于儿科护理带教老师;外科护理带教老师职业获益感的条目均分高于儿科护理带教老师;在临床带教时间方面,带教时间越长职业获益感的平均分越高.结论 临床护理带教老师职业获益感整体得分较低,应加大对临床带教计划的支持,特别是儿科.护理管理者应对临床带教老师晋升机会、工作量、奖励等方面做好适当的调整,以满足临床带教老师的需求,从而提高教学效果.     

Addressing diversity in clinical nursing education: support for preceptors

Nursing preceptors are challenged by a broad set of teaching–learning diversity issues that are related to their role as clinical teachers of senior nursing students in clinical settings. A lack of awareness and understanding of these diversity issues may contribute to preceptor-student miscommunication and conflict. Ultimately, these factors can impact on the extent to which the educational objectives are achieved. Most of the health sciences literature focuses on diversity and patient care, and unfortunately, the literature that does address diversity and learning primarily examines the influence of culture and language in classroom education. Few resources are available to guide preceptors as they engage in “real life” real-time clinical learning encounters. To assist preceptors with their teaching strategies and skills, a diversity and learning workshop was developed to support preceptors in their critical role as both clinical teachers and role models. A diversity and learning framework is suggested and applied to the set of teaching–learning diversity issues.