带蒂桡骨膜移位螺钉内固定治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折

目的介绍一种较有效的治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折的手术. 方法 1995年4月～2002年4月,采用桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的骨膜移位螺钉内固定,必要时加桡骨茎突切除治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折11例,男8例,女3例,年龄17～46岁.其中舟骨腰部骨折7例,近端骨折2例,远端骨折2例;X线片示骨折线分离小于1 mm 4例,大于1 mm 3例,骨端硬化2例,囊性变2例. 结果术后随访3～24个月,9例术后2～4个月内骨愈合,2例分别于术后6～7个月骨愈合.骨折愈合后3个月取内固定,腕关节疼痛、无力等症状均消失. 结论术式操作简便,血供可靠,成骨力强,骨折愈合时间短,腕关节功能恢复满意.     

不稳定骨盆骨折合并双柱髋臼骨折的修复重建

目的 总结不稳定骨盆骨折合并双柱髋臼骨折手术方法 及效果. 方法 2002年5月-2007年6月,收治12例不稳定骨盆骨折合并双柱髋臼骨折患者.其中男9例,女3例;年龄16～59岁,平均32岁.骨折类型结合Marvin Tile及Judet-Letoumel分类:B2型骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折C2型1例、C3型2例;C1型骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折Cl型3例、C2型1例;C2型骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折C2型2例、C3型1例;C3型骨盆骨折合并C1型髋臼骨折2例.受伤至手术时间5～14 d,平均7 d.分别采用髂腹股沟入路2例,Koeher-Langenbeck入路4例,前后联合入路6例修复重建手术. 结果 术后1例切口脂肪液化经换药愈合,其余切口均I期愈合.12例均获随访,随访时间10～72个月,平均30个月.骨盆骨折均获复位;髋臼骨折复位采用MattaX线评估标准,优8例,良2例,一般2例,优良率83.33%.术后3个月X线片示骨折均愈合,骨盆环无畸形,无深静脉血栓及肺栓塞等并发症.临床效果采用改良的Merled Aubigne和Postel评分系统评估,优2例,良7例,一般2例,差1例,优良率75.00%. 结论 不稳定骨盆骨折合并双柱髋臼骨折早期手术修复重建可获得较满意的疗效.     

陈旧性Bennett骨折的解剖病理特点及手术治疗

目的 探讨陈旧性Bennett骨折的解剖病理特点、手术治疗及预后. 方法 2008年8月至2010年4月共收治13例陈旧性Bennett骨折患者,男12例,女1例;年龄17 ～42岁,平均34.3岁.受伤至手术时间为4～12周(平均7.9周).所有患者经X线检查确诊后手术治疗,适当松解第1腕掌关节桡背侧韧带复合体,清理骨折间隙,解剖复位并固定关节骨折块,对腕掌关节行克氏针固定.术后石膏固定4周后,拔除经关节克氏针,并行渐进性功能锻炼.每月复查X线片. 结果 所有患者术后获6～24个月(平均14个月)随访.全部患者骨折均获愈合,平均愈合时间为3个月,未发生关节再脱位等并发症.1例合并大多角骨关节软骨损伤,其他12例均无明显疼痛.按总主活动度系统评定法评定拇指功能:优9例,良2例,中1例,差1例,优良率为84.6％.结论 第1腕掌关节桡背侧韧带复合体发生瘢痕挛缩是陈旧性Bennett骨折的病理特点,将影响桡背侧关节的骨折块复位.术中适当骨膜下松解桡背侧关节囊韧带复合体是获得桡背侧关节骨折块解剖复位的关键.受伤时间超过3个月、合并大多角骨关节软骨损伤可能是影响陈旧性Bennett骨折预后的重要因素.     

跨腕关节外固定器在桡骨远端陈旧性骨折中的应用

目的 分析桡骨远端有限切开复位、跨腕关节外固定器固定治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折的效果.方法 2006年3月至2008年3月,应用桡骨下端切开复位、跨腕关节外固定器固定治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折患者16例18侧,年龄29～72岁(平均52.6岁),其中Colles骨折13例15侧,Smith骨折3例3侧.桡骨下端复位及植骨后,以外固定器协助复位及静力性固定.方果 随访时间4～30个月,平均16个月;骨折愈合时间6～12周,平均8.7周.根据Gartland与Werley腕关节评分标准评定:优11侧,良4侧,可3侧;优良率为83.3%.方论 有限切开复位、跨腕关节外固定器固定治疗桡骨陈旧性远端骨折,手术操作简单,组织损伤小,有利于术后早期功能锻炼,促进骨折愈合,是桡骨远端陈旧性骨折的一种有效治疗方法.     

经腹直肌外侧入路结合骨盆随意外架牵引复位治疗陈旧性Tile C型骨盆骨折

目的探讨经腹直肌外侧入路显露、松解结合骨盆随意外架牵引复位治疗陈旧性Tile C型骨盆骨折的手术技巧及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2018年6月采用经腹直肌外侧入路显露、松解结合骨盆随意外架牵引复位治疗7例陈旧性Tile C型骨盆骨折患者资料,男5例,女2例;年龄22～53岁,平均40岁;车祸伤3例,高处坠落伤3例,重物砸伤1例;再次就诊原因:患处疼痛7例、不能行走及坐立3例、双下肢不等长行走跛行3例。陈旧性骨盆骨折Tile分型:C1型4例,C2型2例,C3型1例。术前3D打印出1∶1等大完整骨盆模型,设计截骨或松解部位,手术经腹直肌外侧入路显露、松解,结合骨盆随意外架牵引复位钢板螺钉固定。记录手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症。术后6个月时,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)评价疼痛情况;末次随访时采用Majeed评分评价临床疗效,Mears和Velyvis影像学标准评估骨折复位质量。结果 7例患者手术时间140～280 min,平均190 min;术中出血700～2 800 ml,平均1 250 ml。其中6例为一次性完成最终固定手术,...     

陈旧性股骨颈骨折不愈合的临床病理特点和全髋关节置换术的治疗对策

目的从临床病理角度探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗陈旧性股骨颈骨折不愈合的经验教训.方法 分析39例陈旧性股骨颈骨折不愈合在该院行THA患者的病例资料,通过术前和术中观察的临床病理特点,总结术前、术中和术后处理的注意事项.结果 陈旧性股骨颈骨折不愈合多具有患肢明显的短缩畸形,关节囊挛缩、肥厚,股骨上端和髋臼的骨质疏松,同侧膝关节和踝关节不同程度的功能障碍.由于患髋周围软组织挛缩,术中需进行广泛松解,手术创面大,术后渗血较多,术中应注意彻底止血.2例于术后1周内发生关节脱位,1例发生深静脉血栓,这3例并发症保守治疗均治愈.经平均3年4个月的随访,所有髋关节功能恢复良好,Harris评分优良率84.6%.结论 THA是治疗陈旧性股骨颈骨折不愈合的较为理想的方法,根据患髋周围软组织挛缩、患肢明显的短缩畸形等病理特点,术前充分准备,术中应注意彻底止血,术后早期功能锻炼是手术成功和术后取得较好疗效的关键.     

陈旧性股骨颈骨折股骨头形态组织学改变及临床意义

对于未愈合的陈旧性股骨颈骨折的治疗 ,临床上一般根据Ｘ线表现和患者年龄选择假体置换或保留股骨术式。我们对未经切开复位的陈旧性股骨颈骨折、影像学检查股骨头无坏死的患者进行股骨头的形态和病理学检查 ,以期为手术治疗提供理论依据。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料 :自 1992年 12月至 1995年 12月收治未愈合的陈旧性股骨颈骨折 2 5例 ,未经手术治疗 ,术前影像学检查未见股骨头缺血性坏死征象。男 16例 ,女 9例 ;年龄 48～ 83岁 ,平均 6 3岁。骨折时间 5～ 6 8周 ,平均 2 9周。患者均接受人工股骨头置换手术。1 2　Ｘ线表现 :股骨头轮廓圆…     

骨盆骨折合并腰骶丛压迫性损伤的早期诊断与手术治疗

目的 探讨骨盆骨折合并腰骶丛压迫性损伤的临床特点和手术疗效.方法 2000年1月至2009年1月,手术治疗19例骨盆骨折合并腰骶从压迫性损伤患者.男13例,女6例;年龄21～56岁,平均34.7岁.骨盆类型按Tile分型,A型2例,B型6例,C型11例;按Young-Burgess分型,前后挤压型1例,侧方挤压型10例,垂直剪切型3例.复合型5例.采用神经减压进行治疗,其中后路减压8例,前路减压6例,前后联合入路减压5例.16例行骨折复位内同定,其中骶髂前路重建钢板内固定6例,经皮骶髂螺钉内崮定3例,后路"M"形钢板内固定4例,髂腰固定3例;同时将前环固定6例.结果 19例患者术中均证实神经有压迫性损伤,手术切口均一期愈合,无皮肤坏死及感染.17例获得随访,随访时间12～72个月,平均27个月.骨折全部临床愈合,愈合时间8～14周,平均10.6周.神经功能完全恢复12例,部分恢复4例,未恢复1例.6例术前合并鞍区感觉减退及排便困难者,4例恢复正常,2例部分恢复.结论 骨盆骨折合并腰骶丛损伤时,应根据临床表现、影像学资料确定神经损伤的性质及部位,如证实神经损伤为骨性压迫,宜尽早手术减压;对骨折移位明显、骨盆不稳者可同期行骨折复位内固定,以获得较好的临床效果.     

手术治疗陈旧性胫骨平台骨折

目的目的探讨手术治疗陈旧性胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法2005年1月至2010年12月,手术治疗6例陈旧性胫骨平台骨折。男4例,女2例;年龄20-58岁,平均38．3岁。致伤原因：车祸伤3例,高处坠落伤2例,跌伤1例。其中后外侧骨折2例,后内侧骨折1例。结果本组6例均获随访,时间12～36个月,平均17．2个月。无切口感染,无术中血管神经损伤,无内固定松动及断裂,无骨不愈合,无膝关节内、外翻畸形和骨折再移位。术后根据Rasmussen膝关节功能评定评分标准：优1例,良3例,可2例,差0例,优良率为66．7％。结论手术治疗陈旧性胫骨平台骨折可获得较为满意的临床疗效。     

外固定架阶段加压联合重建钢板治疗陈旧性Tile B1型骨盆骨折

目的 总结联合应用骨盆外固定架和重建钢板治疗陈旧性Tile B1型骨盆骨折的效果. 方法 2000年8月-2006年8月,收治伴耻骨联合分离的陈旧性Tile B1型骨盆骨折患者14例.男9例,女5例;年龄21～65岁.车祸伤10例,高处坠落伤3例,挤压伤1例.病程4周～3个月.均合并不同程度其他组织脏器损伤.X线及CT检查示耻骨联合分离,其中13例分离间距＞2.5 cm,合并骨盆后环骨折或脱位.耻骨联合间距为(6.67±2.11)cm.患者先行骨盆外固定架固定,对耻骨联合分离处分阶段逐渐加压闭合;2～3周后,当耻骨联合间距＜1 cm时,二期行耻骨联合分离切开复位重建钢板内固定手术治疗. 结果 术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合.14例均获6个月～2年随访,平均15个月.术后患者主观感觉均较术前好转,术后6个月骨盆正位X线片示耻骨联合间距为(0.85 4±.23)cm,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CT检查示骨盆后环部的骨折或脱位于术后6～12个月获骨性愈合.按Majeed疗效评价标准,获优5例,良4例,中4例,差1例,优良率64.29%. 结论 联合应用骨盆外固定架分阶段加压闭合和切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗陈旧性耻骨联合分离,能明显缩小耻骨联合分离间距,对伴耻骨联合分离的Tile B1型骨盆骨折患者,可以取得良好的治疗效果.     

球囊导管阻断动脉控制肿瘤术中出血的可行性研究

目的术中应用球囊导管阻断肿瘤近端大动脉后再切除骨肿瘤,探讨其对减少术中肿瘤出血的临床意义。方法2003年3月至2005年3月,对4例高位骶骨肿瘤(骨巨细胞瘤3例、脊索瘤1例)和4例髋区骨转移瘤(肺癌3例、骨肉瘤1例)患者施行肿瘤切除术。术中先用球囊导管阻断下腹主动脉或一侧髂总动脉,每次阻断动脉40～70min或间隔15～20min再阻断,后行肿瘤切除。结果阻断大动脉后,在分块切除及刮除骶骨肿瘤和边缘性切除股骨近端骨转移瘤时,出血极少,无须止血,有类似肢体手术中应用止血带的效果,全部病例在切除肿瘤过程中出血100～300ml。术野干净,解剖清晰,肿瘤边界易确定,肿瘤切除完全,肿瘤的术野污染小。手术全过程中,患者血压均平稳。结论应用球囊导管阻断肿瘤近端大动脉,再切除高位骶骨肿瘤和髋区肿瘤,可有效地减少术中出血,提高手术的安全性。     

球囊导管腹主动脉阻断术控制骨盆及下腰椎肿瘤手术出血

目的探讨球囊导管腹主动脉阻断术控制骨盆及下腰椎肿瘤手术出血的临床意义、应用经验与适应证选择。方法本组16例患者(骨盆肿瘤14例,下腰椎肿瘤2例)。使用AngiostartTOP1250mA血管机配置的径线测量软件计算阻断部位腹主动脉的直径,选取直径大于测量数值1～2mm的双腔球囊导管,将球囊置于肾动脉远端的腹主动脉段。切开皮肤前充盈球囊。每次充盈时间为45min,间歇10min,使手术操作在腹主动脉血流暂时阻断的情况下得以完成。结果16例中,手术时间为45～150min,平均90min;术中出血量400～2000ml,14例骨盆肿瘤平均出血800ml,2例下腰椎肿瘤出血分别为1500ml和2000ml。本组病例均未发生下肢静脉血栓形成、肢体远端缺血性坏死、肾功能衰竭等并发症。结论球囊导管腹主动脉阻断术阻断血流可靠,能大幅度减少手术出血,不增加新的切口和损伤,减少了选择性动脉栓塞的并发症,提高了手术安全性。     

髋臼上方置钉外固定支架治疗伴腹部脏器损伤的骨盆骨折

 目的 探讨髋臼上方置钉外固定支架治疗伴腹部脏器损伤骨盆骨折的疗效、特点及手术 方法。方法 2009年 3月至 2010年 12月, 治疗 17例伴腹部脏器损伤的骨盆骨折患者, 男 9例, 女 8 例;年龄 21~75岁, 平均 42岁。根据 Tile分型, B1型 7例, B2型 3例, B3型 2例, C1型 4例, C2型 1例。 其中合并失血性休克 15例, 合并会阴部损伤 2例, 合并四肢骨折 12例。应用经髋臼上方置钉外固定支 架复位和固定治疗。采用 Cole等及 Matta和 Tornetta标准对术后疗效进行评价。结果 17例患者全部 获得随访, 随访时间 2~18个月, 平均 6.5个月, 所有骨折均愈合, 愈合时间 8~12周, 平均 9.2周。术后 3 例患者出现一过性股外侧皮神经麻痹, 口服营养神经药物弥可保 1个月后缓解;5例发生软组织内钉道 感染, 经换药、清创、抗感染等综合治疗后 4例愈合, 1例在骨折愈合拆除外固定支架后愈合。根据 Cole 等提出的骨盆骨折效果评分表进行功能评价, 优 15例、良 1例、可 1例, 优良率为 94.12%。按照 Matta 和 Tornetta标准对骨折复位进行评估, 优 12例、良 3例、可 2例, 优良率为 88.24%。结论 经髋臼上方 置钉外固定支架治疗伴腹部脏器损伤的骨盆骨折具有创伤小, 操作简单, 固定可靠的特点。     

Comminuted fractures of the iliac wing

PURPOSE: Comminuted iliac fractures are uncommon and difficult to treat. The purpose of this study is to further delineate the fractures, to present a management protocol, and to evaluate the results of treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Level one trauma center at Harborview Medical Center. PATIENTS: During a sixty-eight-month period, 695 patients with pelvic ring disruptions were treated at a level one trauma center. Thirteen (1.9%) of these patients had a severely comminuted iliac fracture. All patients were men, ranging in age from twenty to eighty years (mean, 38 years). These patients were polytraumatized and had a mean Injury Severity Score of 23. Eleven of the thirteen patients had severe iliac and flank degloving injuries. Five patients had open fractures, one with fecal contamination requiring diverting colostomy. Six patients with clinical signs of hemodynamic instability had local arterial injuries associated with their fractures. All five patients with extension of the fracture into the greater sciatic notch were found to have a local arterial injury on angiography. One patient had a lumbosacral plexopathy on the fractured side. Four patients had traumatic brain injuries. INTERVENTION: All thirteen patients were treated operatively. Routine pelvic external fixation was not possible because of the iliac comminution. Stable internal fixation was accomplished by an anterior iliac surgical exposure using lag screw and plate combinations. The open wounds and degloving injuries were treated with irrigation, debridement, and closed suction drainage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Healing and stability of fixation were assessed clinically and on pelvic radiographs. RESULTS: Comminuted iliac fractures were divided into two patient groups, according to associated pelvic ring disruption. Follow-up evaluations were available for all patients at a mean of eighteen months after injury. There were no deaths. All of the fractures healed clinically and radiographically. In one patient, fecal contamination caused a polymicrobial wound infection, and this patient had an associated delay in union of the fracture. Another patient with an open fracture developed a deep wound infection. Both infections responded to local management and antibiotics. There were no complications associated with the degloving injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Comminuted iliac fractures occur in two distinct patterns and are associated with numerous local injuries that complicate management. Management protocols should include early open reduction and stable internal fixation. Traumatic open wounds should not be closed primarily. Primary closure with closed suction drainage is effective in the management of associated degloving injuries. Extension of the fracture into the greater sciatic notch warrants further evaluation with pelvic angiography.     

Persistent sciatic artery: Case report,anatomy, and review of the literature

We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with an aneurysm of a left persistent sciatic artery presenting with arterial insufficiency from distal embolization. Treatment was exclusion of the aneurysm and femoropopliteal bypass after distal embolectomy with a Fogarty balloon catheter. We reviewed 71 cases in the literature to define characteristics of this anomaly which has many synonyms: including persistent sciatic artery, persistent axial artery, ischiopopliteal trunk. The persistence of the sciatic portion of the embryonic dorsal axial artery and failure of development of anastomoses with the ventral femoral network results in the anomaly. The persistent sciatic artery was "complete" in 75% of cases. In this configuration, it arises from the internal iliac artery, leaves the pelvic cavity through the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen caudad to the pyriformis muscle, reaches the posterior compartment of the thigh and continues as the popliteal artery. In 35% of cases, the artery is aneurysmal with a pulsatile mass in the buttock or a complication of the aneurysm. Arteriography required for diagnosis of the mass leads to discovery of the anomaly in many cases. The treatment of choice is exclusion followed by femoropopliteal vein bypass.     

Prophylactic placement of external iliac artery balloon catheter in a patient with intrapelvic prosthesis migration after hemiarthroplasty: A case report

Intrapelvic prosthesis migration is a rare but serious complication of bipolar hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures. The external iliac artery is one of the most frequently damaged arteries during the removal of a migrated implant from the pelvic region. This report describes a case in which prophylactic placement of an external iliac artery balloon catheter was performed to reduce blood loss in the event of vascular injury during implant removal surgery in the pelvic region.     

Use of temporary partial intrailiac balloon occlusion for decreasing blood loss during open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular and pelvis fractures

Patients with pelvic and/or acetabular fractures can sustain significant blood loss at the time of their injury and during surgery. We report on the technique, effect on blood loss, and complications with the use of temporary partial intrailiac balloon occlusion during open reduction and internal fixation of pelvic and acetabular fractures in a series of patients refusing allogeneic blood products for philosophical or religious reasons. An intra-arterial balloon is positioned in the common iliac artery immediately preoperatively, ipsilateral to the fracture in the interventional radiography suite. This balloon is then periodically inflated and deflated throughout the case by the anesthesiologist to mitigate operative blood loss. For anterior approaches, average blood loss was significantly less for those patients operated with temporary partial intrailiac balloon occlusion compared with those without. For posterior approaches, blood loss was not significantly different. One complication occurred in a patient who developed an arterial thrombus requiring surgical removal by the vascular surgery service at the conclusion of the orthopaedic surgery. He had no further sequelae. Although not recommended for routine use in all pelvic and acetabular fractures, we feel the use of temporary partial intrailiac balloon occlusion merits further study and may be beneficial in reducing blood loss during anterior pelvic or acetabular procedures in those patients who are opposed to allogeneic blood products and cell saver or those who cannot tolerate an anticipated massive blood loss.     

腹主动脉球囊阻断术治疗骨盆骨折大出血

目的 探讨股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉球囊阻断术治疗骨盆骨折大出血的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003年5月至2010年5月采用股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断术治疗的23例骨盆骨折大出血患者的临床资料.男15例,女8例;年龄17～62岁,平均32岁.致伤原因:交通伤17例,高处坠落伤4例,其他2例.骨盆骨折AO分型:B2型4例,B3型2例,C1型1例,C2型4例,C3型12例.闭合性骨折18例,开放性骨折5例.所有患者均行股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断,盆腔探查止血;15例行单侧髂内动脉结扎,6例行双侧髂内动脉结扎;17例患者行骨盆骨折复位外固定支架固定,6例一期钢板内固定.结果 23例患者均被抢救成功.手术时间2～7 h,平均4.2 h;腹主动脉阻断时间15～120 min,平均46 min;输血量1500～8500 ml,平均4000 ml.14例患者采用术中自体血回输,回输血量700～5000ml,平均1500 ml.21例患者获随访,随访时间5～36个月,平均26个月.根据Tornetta和Matta评定标准,骨盆骨折复位结果:优13例,良7例,可2例,差1例.术后功能根据Majeed评分:优11例,良4例,可4例,差2例.术后并发症:伤口感染1例,脂肪液化1例,经换药治愈;下肢深静脉血栓1例,保守治疗痊愈;骶髂关节复位不良1例,骨盆畸形愈合1例,未行特殊处理.无动脉穿破,肾功能损害,脊髓缺血损伤,腹腔、盆腔器官缺血性坏死,血管内膜损伤等腹主动脉阻断相关并发症.结论 股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断术可以在最短时间内提供最有效的止血,迅速改善失血性休克,维持有效循环;提高抢救成功率,降低骨盆骨折早期病死率;是骨盆骨折大出血紧急状态下的有效抢救措施之一.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the efficacy of temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta in the treatment of massive bleeding after pelvic fracture.Methods From May 2003 to May 2010,temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta was performed for 23 patients with massive bleeding after pelvic fracture.There are 15 male and 8 female patients with a mean age of 32 years (range,17-62 years).The mechanisms of injury included traffic accidents in 17 cases,falls in 4,engine injury in 1 and crash injury in 1 case.According to AO classification,4 cases were of type B2,4 of type B3,2 of type B3,1 of type C1,4 of type C2,and 12 of type C3.After aorta occlusion,the internal iliac vessel was ligated and the bleeding sites were tamponed.The fractures of pelvis were reduced.External fixation was used in 17 cases and screws and plates were used to fixation in 6 cases.Results All cases were rescued successfully.The average volume of blood transfusion was 4000 ml (range,1500-8500 ml).Intraoperative self-blood transfusion was performed in 14 patients.The average volume of self-blood transfusion was 1500 ml (range,700-5000 ml).Twenty-one patients were followed;the duration of follow-up was 26 months (range,5-36 months).The functional results were excellent in 11 cases,good in 4,fair in 3 and poor in 2 according to Majeed scores system.Complications included 2 cases of infection,1 of lower limb deep venous thrombosis,1 of malreduction of sacroiliac joint,and 1 of malunion of pelvic fracture.No complication was found due to the aorta occlusion or the internal iliac vessel ligation.Conclusion Temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta was an efficient and quick method in the treatment of massive bleeding after pelvic fracture.     

Common and external iliac artery injuries associated with pelvic fractures.

BACKGROUND: Common and external iliac artery injuries associated with pelvic fractures are uncommon. The diagnosis of such injuries is based on clinical findings and confirmed by arteriography. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University Level I trauma center. PATIENTS: Five men and three women, aged seventeen to seventy-six years, with injuries to the common and external iliac arteries associated with pelvic fractures. RESULTS: All patients sustained complex pelvic fractures associated with multiple blunt injuries. Five injuries occurred on the right side. Two patients had an associated right vertical shear pelvic fracture. In five patients, vascular injury was diagnosed in the first six hours after admission. One patient presented with an aneurysm of the right common iliac artery two months after his initial injury. All patients underwent surgical repair with an interposition graft, which failed in two patients, who underwent vascular reconstruction ten hours after the injury. One patient died of associated injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial hyperextension with intimal damage seems to be the most likely cause of this injury. Ideally, an extraperitoneal approach should be attempted to minimize blood losses and, due to the size of the iliac vessels, an interposition graft should be used for reconstruction.     

转流性结肠造瘘在骨盆骨折合并会阴部损伤中的应用

 目的 总结转流性结肠造瘘在骨盆骨折合并会阴部损伤中的应用效果。方法 2005年 4 月至 2011年 4月, 治疗 27例骨盆骨折合并会阴部损伤患者, 男 23例, 女 4例;年龄 16~62岁, 平均 32.9岁;交通伤 19例, 高处坠落伤 4例, 挤压伤 2例, 重物砸伤 2例。骨盆骨折按 Tile分型: A型 4例, B 型 10例, C型 13例。采用骨盆外固定支架固定, 稳定血流动力学, 选择性应用转流性结肠造瘘及骨折复 位固定术进行治疗。应用 Fisher精确概率法对早期(伤后48h内)和非早期(损伤超过 48h或未造瘘) 行转流性结肠造瘘术患者的感染率进行比较。结果 24例患者存活, 3例死亡, 死亡率为 11%。存活的 24例患者均获得随访, 随访时间 4~42个月, 平均 10.9个月。 13例早期行结肠造瘘患者均未发生感染。 11例非早期行结肠造瘘患者中, 4例发生感染。早期行转流性结肠造瘘术患者的感染率显著低于非早 期患者, 两者比较差异有统计学意义。结论 骨盆骨折合并会阴部损伤早期急救重点为稳定血流动力学、选择性应用转流性结肠造瘘及早期骨盆固定。对于累及直肠、肛管的会阴部损伤或虽不累及直肠、 肛管但软组织损伤广泛的会阴部损伤均应行转流性结肠造瘘术。伤后 48h内行转流性结肠造瘘, 不但可有效降低感染率, 而且对保持患者良好营养状态、节省医疗开支及降低医护人员工作量有重要意义。