鼻内镜下自体软骨鼻整形同期鼻中隔偏曲矫正治疗外伤性歪鼻畸形的临床分析

目的对鼻内镜下自体软骨（鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨和肋软骨）鼻整形同期行鼻中隔偏曲矫正治疗外伤性歪鼻畸形的临床分析。方法收集2017~2018年20 例陈旧外伤性歪鼻畸形患者的临床资料,所有患者均行全麻下鼻小柱倒“V”型切口暴露松解并切除偏曲的鼻中隔软骨及骨质,针对不同患者设计使用不同软骨（鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨和肋软骨）矫正鼻中隔骨性或软骨性支架,对鼻尖、鼻背及外鼻重新塑形。结果随访3~12个月,行鼻内镜下自体软骨鼻整形同期鼻中隔偏曲矫正术的患者鼻外形及通气均有明显改善,手术效果更好,无鼻腔粘连、鼻中隔血肿及穿孔。结论鼻内镜下自体软骨鼻整形同期鼻中隔偏曲矫正治疗外伤性歪鼻畸形同期解决了鼻部畸形和鼻通气功能,实现了美容和功能的统一,同时减少了手术治疗的次数和费用,可行性高。     

鼻整形术:歪鼻整形

歪鼻整形的内容涵盖了鼻的美学及功能。鼻上1/3偏曲的矫正多使用截骨术,鼻中间1/3偏曲通常使用鼻中隔矫正术修复。刻痕、切除、撑开移植物、自体组织撑开瓣等方法被用于矫正鼻背。鼻中隔尾侧偏曲通过刻痕、切除和在鼻前棘上重置鼻中隔来治疗。不同的截骨术用于不同类型的歪鼻畸形。治疗下鼻甲肥大和内鼻阈塌陷是纠正歪鼻气道功能受损的关键。鼻小柱支撑移植物、鼻尖缝合技术和鼻翼基底切除术用于修饰鼻尖和鼻翼。     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔整形鼻整形术再探讨

目的:探讨鼻中隔整形、鼻整形术鼻腔功能和外鼻形状达到最佳状态的方法.方法:①采用鼻内镜下鼻中隔整形、鼻整形术.术中只剥离偏曲侧黏软骨膜、黏骨膜,分离软骨与骨的错位连接,骨折偏曲的筛骨垂直板和七颌骨鼻嵴,骨折或楔形切除软骨条,重新整复鼻中隔软骨与骨,使其保留黏膜-(软骨-骨)-黏膜3层解削结构,并处于双侧鼻腔外侧壁中间,保证双侧鼻腔有适当并相等的容积和宽度.②取方形软骨后下缘为鼻小柱和鼻翼整形材料,保留方形软骨前下缘,从而保证方形软骨对鼻尖部的支撑作用.结果:本组患者术后无论是功能还是外形,均取得满意疗效,无并发症出现.与传统的鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术相比,疗效得到提高,手术时间缩短及出血量明显减少,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:①鼻中隔整形术不仅能保证3层解剖结构,而且在手术时间和出血量上明显低于传统手术.②鼻中隔方形软骨前下缘对鼻尖部有重要的支撑作用,鼻整形术中应避免取方形软骨前下缘为材料,而要取后下缘,这样才能保证方形软骨对鼻尖部的支撑作用不被破坏.     

鼻内镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正术

目的探讨鼻内镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正的手术技巧及其疗效观察。方法回顾性分析156例鼻中隔偏曲患者,全部行鼻内镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正术,将鼻中隔方形软骨尾端、鼻中隔软骨与筛骨垂直板结合处、鼻中隔软骨下端与犁骨、上颌骨鼻嵴与腭骨鼻嵴结合处分离,并将在此形成的三条受力线及核心受力区切除条形软骨和骨质,解除导致鼻中隔偏曲的应力,从而达到矫正鼻中隔的效果。结果术后随访3～24个月,156例中,治愈134例,好转22例。结论鼻内镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正术安全可靠,效果满意,最大限度保留了鼻中隔正常组织结构,具有创伤小,并发症少等优点,符合鼻中隔偏曲产生的生物力学规律,将手术上升到微创水平。     

歪鼻并鼻中隔偏曲联合整形268例

目的:探讨歪鼻并鼻中隔偏曲同期整形手术的可行性,改进手术方法.方法:设计横鼻小柱基底部至两侧鼻翼缘中部的蝶形切口,掀起鼻下端皮瓣,显示鼻中隔、隔背软骨和鼻骨.手术中拱顶石区的分离、固定是歪鼻整形的关键;鼻中隔软骨与筛骨垂直板和上颌骨鼻嵴分离、整形是鼻中隔整形的关键;两侧鼻腔放入等量凡士林纱条或膨胀海绵,起到鼻腔内固定和防止鼻中隔血肿作用;24 h后分上、下午取出堵塞物,能减轻鼻腔填塞痛苦;鼻外固定作用不大,可省略不做.结果:本组268例,经6～24个月随访,满意228例,基本满意40例.结论:歪鼻并鼻中隔偏曲联合整形术,解决了歪鼻的美容问题和鼻中隔偏曲矫正后鼻功能重建的问题.     

歪鼻矫正术102例临床疗效分析

目的:探讨歪鼻矫正鼻功能重建的手术效果.方法:102例歪鼻患者全部采用鼻内进路.行鼻中隔"摇门"术矫正软骨性歪鼻32例,行骨鼻锥松动、重塑术矫正骨性歪鼻和鼻软骨混合性歪鼻53例,骨鼻锥楔形切除矫正严重骨鼻锥不对称性歪鼻3例,削低或垫高骨鼻锥矫正不规则性歪鼻14例.结果:随访6～48个月(平均20个月),歪鼻矫正良好92例,满意率为92.2%.结论:鼻内进路、多种技术应用矫正歪鼻畸形重建鼻功能,可获得美容和鼻功能改善的双重效果.术中矫正鼻中隔、彻底松解畸形部位的组织及矫正后的内外固定是保证手术成功的关键.     

鼻内镜辅助下鼻小柱入路同期鼻中隔偏曲及歪鼻畸形矫正手术的临床效果分析

目的:分析鼻内镜辅助下鼻小柱入路同期鼻中隔偏曲及歪鼻畸形矫正手术的临床效果.方法:收集2016年1月-2019年6月在空军军医大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术的33例鼻中隔偏曲伴歪鼻畸形患者的临床资料.所有患者均在全身麻醉下手术,采用鼻小柱倒"V"型切口暴露松解,并在鼻内镜辅助下切除偏曲的鼻中隔软骨及骨质,12例(...     

鼻中隔偏曲软骨塑形在同期歪鼻整形术中的应用

目的:探讨利用自体鼻中隔偏曲软骨塑形后同期进行外伤性歪鼻矫形手术的临床应用价值.方法:选取12例临床确诊住院手术的陈旧外伤性歪鼻伴鼻中隔偏曲患者为研究对象,在内镜辅助下做鼻中隔鼻阈倒L切口,沿切口向上潜行分离建立鼻背畸形移植填充区;之后利用切取的鼻中隔软骨塑形后植入到偏曲凹陷的鼻背区加以歪鼻矫形,满意后行鼻外固定.结果...     

鼻内镜三线减张鼻中隔偏曲矫正重建术临床疗效

目的 探讨鼻内镜鼻中隔偏曲矫正术的方法和效果,并加以分析.方法 对在本院行鼻内镜三线减张法鼻中隔偏曲矫正重建术38例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组38例鼻中隔偏曲治愈36例,好转2例,无效0例.无严重并发症发生,疗效满意.结论 鼻内镜三线减张鼻中隔偏曲矫正重建术具有视野清晰、操作精细,保留了大部分鼻中隔软骨和正常的骨性支架,保持鼻中隔的厚度和硬度,降低呼吸时鼻中隔扇动,避免顺应性鼻梁塌陷,减少了鼻中隔穿孔的发生等不良后果,取得良好的临床效果,值得推广应用.     

三维CT辅助下三线减张鼻中隔矫正术疗效观察

目的探讨三维CT辅助鼻内镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正的手术技巧及其疗效观察。方法回顾性分析78例鼻中隔偏曲患者,全部行鼻内镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正术,术前采用三维CT重建技术对鼻中隔偏曲部位进行评估,术中选择性地将鼻中隔方形软骨尾端、鼻中隔软骨与筛骨垂直板结合处、鼻中隔软骨下端与犁骨、上颌骨鼻嵴与腭骨鼻嵴结合处等部位形成的三条张力线分离,将应力区软骨和骨质按照事先设计方案进行切除,消除导致鼻中隔偏曲的应力,从而达到矫正鼻中隔的效果。结果所有患者术后均随访3个月以上,其中治愈57例,好转21例。结论鼻内镜下三线减张鼻中隔矫正术安全可靠,效果满意,最大限度保留了鼻中隔正常组织结构。术前利用三维CT重建技术对手术方式进行具有设计,具有手术精细,并发症少等优点,值得临床推广。     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.