氮酮对蛇床子素体外经皮渗透的研究

目的 研究渗透促进剂氮酮对蛇床子素的体外经皮渗透的影响。方法将蛇床子有效部位制成饱和生理氯化钠溶液,采用Valia-Chien扩散池,考察不同浓度的氮酮对蛇床子素经离体鼠皮渗透的影响。结果不同浓度的氮酮对蛇床子素的透皮吸收均有促进作用,5％氮酮对蛇床子素的透皮吸收的促进作用最佳。结论氮酮的作用机理主要为改变角质层的通透性,减低了药物经皮肤渗透的阻力,提高了药物在皮肤角质层的扩散系数。     

风湿宁贴片中透皮吸收促进剂的筛选研究

目的 :对风湿宁贴片中的透皮吸收促进剂进行筛选研究。方法 :应用均匀设计法从氮酮、丙二醇、油酸中选择风湿宁贴片的透皮吸收促进剂及最佳配比。结果 :氮酮、丙二醇、油酸的含量配比为 6 %∶10 %∶0 %时 ,风湿宁贴片中的青藤碱有最大的透皮速率常数。结论 :氮酮—丙二醇 (6 %∶10 % )是风湿宁贴片较理想的透皮吸收促进剂。     

不同浓度的氮酮对鼻宁滴鼻剂透皮吸收的影响

目的：为鼻宁滴鼻剂选择适宜浓度的透皮促进剂。方法：采用紫外分光光度法,测定加不同浓度氮酮的鼻宁滴鼻剂对小白鼠离体皮肤透皮吸收的影响。结果：加1％、2．5％氮酮的鼻宁滴鼻液,其透皮吸收百分率较高。结论：选择加1％、2．5％氮酮为透皮促进剂,制剂结果满意。     

氮酮用量对马尼地平乳膏离体透皮吸收影响的研究

目的研究经皮吸收促进剂氮酮用量对马尼地平乳膏体外经皮渗透作用的影响,并拟定氮酮的最佳用量。方法分别取含0%、1%、3%、5%氨酮的马尼地平乳膏各约1 g,以1%十二烷基磺酸钠溶液为接受液,小鼠离体皮肤为屏障,采用Franz扩散池进行体外渗透实验,HPLC法测定接受液中马尼地平的含量。结果 24 h内,不同浓度的氮酮对马尼地平乳膏透皮吸收均有一定的促进作用,其促渗作用大小顺序为：3%氮酮〉5%氮酮〉1%氮酮。结论氮酮对马尼地平乳膏的透皮吸收具有一定的促渗作用,但促渗作用不因氮酮的浓度增高而增高,其最佳浓度是3%。     

软肝消水巴布剂的体外透皮研究

目的研究软肝消水巴布剂的体外透皮吸收。方法采用Franz扩散池法,建立HPLC法测定接受池中人参皂苷Rg1含量,计算累积渗透量Q,以此评价药物透过大鼠腹皮的能力,并筛选透皮促进剂的最佳配比。结果当氮酮浓度为3％,且氮酮-丙二醇-薄荷醇为1：1：2时,人参皂苷Rg1体外累计渗透量最高,渗透速率最大（0.430μg·cm^-2·h^-1）,促透效果最佳。结论加入适宜透皮促进剂,可有效提高软肝消水巴布剂的透皮吸收。     

氮酮对阿糖胞苷乳膏体外透皮吸收作用的影响

目的研究氮酮对阿糖胞苷乳膏体外透皮吸收的影响.方法采用小鼠离体皮肤作为渗透屏障,研究不同浓度氮酮对阿糖胞苷促渗作用的影响.结果 5%氮酮可显著提高阿糖胞苷对皮肤渗透作用,其稳态流量（J）比空白乳膏增加了70.94%.结论阿糖胞苷乳膏具有良好的皮肤渗透性,本试验为阿糖胞苷经皮给药制剂在临床的应用,提供了安全、有效的理论依据.     

利福平透皮吸收作用研究

本实验采用Franz扩散小室,初步研究了利福平(Rifampin ,RFP)的透皮吸收情况,实验结果表明:RFP能透过离体小白鼠皮肤,且月桂氮(艹卓)酮(Azone,氮铜)能明显地促进其透皮吸收。含5％(W/W)氮铜的RFP软膏在各时间下的透皮吸收量比不含氮酮者均提高了1倍以上。本文用抛物线拟合法建立了不周时间下不同浓度的氮酮对RFP透皮吸收量的数学模型,求得氮酮对RFP透皮吸收促进作用的最佳浓度为5.70±0.45％。     

促进剂及压敏胶对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响

目的：对促进剂及压敏胶对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响进行研究。方法：青藤碱的含量测定采用ＨＰＬＣ法,用改进型Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散池进行透皮吸收研究。结果：氮酮及丙二醇（６％、１０％）对青藤碱的透皮吸收有促进作用,聚丙烯酯压敏胶则有阻滞作用。结论：选择正确的压敏胶及促进剂是透皮吸收制剂研究的关键之一。     

利拉萘酯乳膏离体透皮速率评价

目的 研究利拉萘酯乳膏对小鼠皮肤和人体皮肤的渗透性.方法 采用符合美国药典标准的汉森全自动体外释放仪,研究药物在不同释放液中对人体皮肤和小鼠皮肤的透皮吸收作用,并通过乳膏透皮吸收残余量测定,验证实验结果.结果 实验结果显示,利拉萘酯对人体皮肤的透过作用大于鼠皮;其对人体离体皮肤最大渗透量占总给药量的0.014%,稳态流量J为0.148μg/cm2·h;乳膏释放8h后残余药量测定结果显示,有＞82%的药物滞留于皮肤表面.结论 利拉萘酯乳膏不易透过人体皮肤屏障,给药后绝大部分药物滞留于皮肤表面靶组织,利于其发挥局部治疗作用.     

挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱体外经皮渗透的影响

目的 考察薄荷油、冰片等中药挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱体外经皮渗透的影响.方法 使用改良Franz体外透皮装置,采用反相高效液相色潽法检测接收液中L-肉碱的浓度并计算药物的透皮累积透过量,考察不同浓度的薄荷油、冰片等挥发性促透剂对L-肉碱的促透作用.结果 薄荷油和低浓度的冰片均能够提高L-肉碱的透皮效率,但高浓度的冰片降低...     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.